1
|
Singh E, Gupta A, Singh P, Jain M, Muthukumaran J, Singh RP, Singh AK. Exploring mammalian heme peroxidases: A comprehensive review on the structure and function of myeloperoxidase, lactoperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, thyroid peroxidase and peroxidasin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 761:110155. [PMID: 39278306 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The peroxidase family of enzymes is a ubiquitous cluster of enzymes primarily responsible for the oxidation of organic and inorganic substrates. The mammalian heme peroxidase subfamily is characterized by a covalently linked heme prosthetic group which plays a key role in the oxidation of halides and psuedohalides into their respective hypohalous acid and hypothiocyanous acid under the influence of H2O2 as substrate. The members of the heme peroxidase family include Lactoperoxidase (LPO), Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and Peroxidasin (PXDN). The biological activity of LPO, MPO and EPO pertains to antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral while TPO is involved in the biosynthesis of the thyroid hormone and PXDN helps maintain the ECM. While these enzymes play several immunomodulatory roles, aberrations in their activity have been implicated in diseases such as myocardial infarction, asthma and Alzheimer's amongst others. The sequence and structural similarities amongst the members of the family are strikingly high while the substrate specificities and subcellular locations vary. Hence, it becomes important to provide a consortium of information regarding the members to study their biochemical, pathological and clinical function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekampreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C. 201310, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C. 201310, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Pratyaksha Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, P.C. 201312, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C. 201310, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C. 201310, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Rashmi Prabha Singh
- Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, P.C. 201310, Greater Noida, U.P., India.
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, P.C. 201310, Greater Noida, U.P., India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu R, Novák J, Hilscherová K. In vitro assessment of thyroid peroxidase inhibition by chemical exposure: comparison of cell models and detection methods. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2631-2645. [PMID: 38796608 PMCID: PMC11272733 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Disruption of the thyroid hormone (TH) system is connected with diverse adverse health outcomes in wildlife and humans. It is crucial to develop and validate suitable in vitro assays capable of measuring the disruption of the thyroid hormone (TH) system. These assays are also essential to comply with the 3R principles, aiming to replace the ex vivo tests often utilised in the chemical assessment. We compared the two commonly used assays applicable for high throughput screening [Luminol and Amplex UltraRed (AUR)] for the assessment of inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO, a crucial enzyme in TH synthesis) using several cell lines and 21 compounds from different use categories. As the investigated cell lines derived from human and rat thyroid showed low or undetectable TPO expression, we developed a series of novel cell lines overexpressing human TPO protein. The HEK-TPOA7 model was prioritised for further research based on the high and stable TPO gene and protein expression. Notably, the Luminol assay detected significant peroxidase activity and signal inhibition even in Nthy-ori 3-1 and HEK293T cell lines without TPO expression, revealing its lack of specificity. Conversely, the AUR assay was specific to TPO activity. Nevertheless, despite the different specificity, both assays identified similar peroxidation inhibitors. Over half of the tested chemicals with diverse structures and from different use groups caused TPO inhibition, including some widespread environmental contaminants suggesting a potential impact of environmental chemicals on TH synthesis. Furthermore, in silico SeqAPASS analysis confirmed the high similarity of human TPO across mammals and other vertebrate classes, suggesting the applicability of HEK-TPOA7 model findings to other vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runze Liu
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Tian L, Wang X, Shi X. The relationship between thyroid peroxidase antibody and differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1349041. [PMID: 38476675 PMCID: PMC10927769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1349041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) has been found to be associated with the occurrence and development of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) for several years, but there is still controversy over whether thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) is related to differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods We scrutinized relevant studies published up to July 2023 across four major databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, to examine the association between TPOAb and DTC. Clinical outcome measures include the incidence of DTC, tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node metastasis, multifocality, recurrence and bilaterality. Results 12 original studies were included, involving a total of 20,330 subjects. Our analysis of the included studies revealed that TPOAb+ individuals exhibited a higher risk of developing DTC (OR=1.57 [95% CI: 1.00-2.45], p=0.049) than TPOAb- individuals. Furthermore, TPOAb+ DTC patients were more prone to present with bilateral (OR=1.40 [95% CI: 1.21-1.62], p<0.00001) and multifocal (OR=1.40 [95% CI: 1.23-1.60], p<0.00001) tumors than TPOAb- patients. Sensitivity analysis indicated a high sensitivity for these three findings. No significant differences in the risk of extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis, recurrence rate, tumor size, were observed between TPOAb+ and TPOAb- DTC patients. Conclusion The presence of TPOAb is correlated with an increase prevalence of DTC. However, its effectiveness as a prognostic marker for DTC patients warrants further investigation. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023448824.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijun Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xichang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khramova YV, Katrukha VA, Chebanenko VV, Kostyuk AI, Gorbunov NP, Panasenko OM, Sokolov AV, Bilan DS. Reactive Halogen Species: Role in Living Systems and Current Research Approaches. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S90-S111. [PMID: 38621746 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Reactive halogen species (RHS) are highly reactive compounds that are normally required for regulation of immune response, inflammatory reactions, enzyme function, etc. At the same time, hyperproduction of highly reactive compounds leads to the development of various socially significant diseases - asthma, pulmonary hypertension, oncological and neurodegenerative diseases, retinopathy, and many others. The main sources of (pseudo)hypohalous acids are enzymes from the family of heme peroxidases - myeloperoxidase, lactoperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and thyroid peroxidase. Main targets of these compounds are proteins and peptides, primarily methionine and cysteine residues. Due to the short lifetime, detection of RHS can be difficult. The most common approach is detection of myeloperoxidase, which is thought to reflect the amount of RHS produced, but these methods are indirect, and the results are often contradictory. The most promising approaches seem to be those that provide direct registration of highly reactive compounds themselves or products of their interaction with components of living cells, such as fluorescent dyes. However, even such methods have a number of limitations and can often be applied mainly for in vitro studies with cell culture. Detection of reactive halogen species in living organisms in real time is a particularly acute issue. The present review is devoted to RHS, their characteristics, chemical properties, peculiarities of interaction with components of living cells, and methods of their detection in living systems. Special attention is paid to the genetically encoded tools, which have been introduced recently and allow avoiding a number of difficulties when working with living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V Khramova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Veronika A Katrukha
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Victoria V Chebanenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kostyuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | - Oleg M Panasenko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Alexey V Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, 197022, Russia.
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Halada S, Casado-Medrano V, Baran JA, Lee J, Chinmay P, Bauer AJ, Franco AT. Hormonal Crosstalk Between Thyroid and Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6588704. [PMID: 35587175 PMCID: PMC9653009 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer and breast cancer account for a significant portion of endocrine-related malignancies and predominately affect women. As hormonally responsive tissues, the breast and thyroid share endocrine signaling. Breast cells are responsive to thyroid hormone signaling and are affected by altered thyroid hormone levels. Thyroid cells are responsive to sex hormones, particularly estrogen, and undergo protumorigenic processes upon estrogen stimulation. Thyroid and sex hormones also display significant transcriptional crosstalk that influences oncogenesis and treatment sensitivity. Obesity-related adipocyte alterations-adipocyte estrogen production, inflammation, feeding hormone dysregulation, and metabolic syndromes-promote hormonal alterations in breast and thyroid tissues. Environmental toxicants disrupt endocrine systems, including breast and thyroid homeostasis, and influence pathologic processes in both organs through hormone mimetic action. In this brief review, we discuss the hormonal connections between the breast and thyroid and perspectives on hormonal therapies for breast and thyroid cancer. Future research efforts should acknowledge and further explore the hormonal crosstalk of these tissues in an effort to further understand the prevalence of thyroid and breast cancer in women and to identify potential therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Halada
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Victoria Casado-Medrano
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia A Baran
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Poojita Chinmay
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Bauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aime T Franco
- Correspondence: Aime T. Franco, Ph.D., Pediatric Thyroid Center Translational Laboratory, The University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arczewska KD, Godlewska M, Krasuska W, Łyczkowska A, Kiedrowski M, Czarnocka B. Expression of pendrin and NIS iodide transporters in human breast tumor and peri-tumoral tissue. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1041-1050. [PMID: 35832691 PMCID: PMC9266960 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid iodide transporters, Na+/I- symporter (NIS) and pendrin (PDS), are responsible for supplying this vital micronutrient for thyroid hormone synthesis by thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Both proteins were shown to be expressed, apart from the thyroid, also in other human tissues, including lactating mammary gland. NIS expression in human breast cancers has been widely studied. On the other hand, until now PDS mRNA levels in breast tumor tissue have been estimated only in high throughput analyses. Previously, we have observed that TPO is expressed in normal and cancerous human breast tissues and shows enzymatic activity. However, biochemical activity of TPO in human breast cancer cells requires iodide transport by NIS and PDS. Therefore, to extend our previous study on TPO expression and function in human breast tumors we performed analysis of NIS and PDS levels in the same group of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved detection of NIS and PDS protein levels by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, as well as mRNA levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Here we provide direct evidence that NIS and PDS are expressed in human breast cancer tissue, with NIS levels being increased and PDS levels decreased in tumor tissue. Interestingly, PDS mRNA levels in breast cancer tissue seem to be influenced by the estrogen receptor status and age of the patients, while NIS mRNA levels were dependent on histological type of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable information important for consideration in diagnostic or therapeutic application of radioiodine in breast cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Arczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Krasuska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Łyczkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kiedrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gaweł AM, Ratajczak M, Gajda E, Grzanka M, Paziewska A, Cieślicka M, Kulecka M, Oczko-Wojciechowska M, Godlewska M. Analysis of the Role of FRMD5 in the Biology of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6726. [PMID: 34201607 PMCID: PMC8268710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrine system malignancy, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for >80% of all TC cases. Nevertheless, PTC pathogenesis is still not fully understood. The aim of the study was to elucidate the role of the FRMD5 protein in the regulation of biological pathways associated with the development of PTC. We imply that the presence of certain genetic aberrations (e.g., BRAF V600E mutation) is associated with the activity of FRMD5. METHODS The studies were conducted on TPC1 and BCPAP (BRAF V600E) model PTC-derived cells. Transfection with siRNA was used to deplete the expression of FRMD5. The mRNA expression and protein yield were evaluated using RT-qPCR and Western blot techniques. Proliferation, migration, invasiveness, adhesion, spheroid formation, and survival tests were performed. RNA sequencing and phospho-kinase proteome profiling were used to assess signaling pathways associated with the FRMD5 expressional status. RESULTS The obtained data indicate that the expression of FRMD5 is significantly enhanced in BRAF V600E tumor specimens and cells. It was observed that a drop in intracellular yield of FRMD5 results in significant alternations in the migration, invasiveness, adhesion, and spheroid formation potential of PTC-derived cells. Importantly, significant divergences in the effect of FRMD5 depletion in both BRAF-wt and BRAF-mutated PTC cells were observed. It was also found that knockdown of FRMD5 significantly alters the expression of multidrug resistant genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report highlighting the importance of the FRMD5 protein in the biology of PTCs. The results suggest that the FRMD5 protein can play an important role in controlling the metastatic potential and multidrug resistance of thyroid tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata M. Gaweł
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.G.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Histology and Embryology Students’ Science Association HESA, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Ratajczak
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Endocrinology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Immunohematology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Grzanka
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Neuroendocrinology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Cieślicka
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.G.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jankovic J, Dettwiler M, Fernández MG, Tièche E, Hahn K, April-Monn S, Dettmer MS, Kessler M, Rottenberg S, Campos M. Validation of Immunohistochemistry for Canine Proteins Involved in Thyroid Iodine Uptake and Their Expression in Canine Follicular Cell Thyroid Carcinomas (FTCs) and FTC-Derived Organoids. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1172-1180. [PMID: 34056980 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211018813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), sodium iodide symporter (NIS), pendrin, and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) are essential for the uptake of iodine by follicular thyroid cells. The aim of this study was to establish immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocols for TSHR, NIS, pendrin, and TPO in canine tissues and characterize their expression in organoids derived from canine follicular cell thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and in the respective primary tumors. This constitutes a fundamental step to establish organoids as a model to study the uptake of iodine in canine FTC. Commercially available antibodies directed against human proteins were selected. Antibody specificity was confirmed by western blot using lysates of the HTori-3 human thyroid cell line and healthy canine thyroid gland. IHC was validated using HTori-3 cells and a set of canine normal tissues including healthy thyroid gland. The expression of TSHR, NIS, pendrin, and TPO was evaluated in 3 organoid lines derived from FTC and respective primary tumors. All 4 antibodies produced specific bands by western blot and cytoplasmic labeling in follicular cells by IHC in both human HTori-3 cells and canine thyroid gland. NIS also showed basolateral membrane immunolabeling in follicular cells. All 4 proteins were highly expressed in organoids derived from FTC. The expression was similar or higher compared to the primary tumors. The results of this study characterize organoids derived from canine FTC as a suitable in vitro model to investigate iodine uptake, opening new research possibilities in the field of canine thyroid cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vitamin C Cytotoxicity and Its Effects in Redox Homeostasis and Energetic Metabolism in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050809. [PMID: 34065197 PMCID: PMC8161084 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-dose of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, ascorbate) exhibits anti-tumoral effects, primarily mediated by pro-oxidant mechanisms. This cytotoxic effect is thought to affect the reciprocal crosstalk between redox balance and cell metabolism in different cancer types. Vitamin C also inhibits the growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells, although the metabolic and redox effects remain to be fully understood. To shed light on these aspects, PTC-derived cell lines harboring the most common genetic alterations characterizing this tumor were used. Cell viability, apoptosis, and the metabolome were explored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test (MTT), flow cytometry, and UHPLC/MS. Changes were observed in redox homeostasis, with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and perturbation in antioxidants and electron carriers, leading to cell death by both apoptosis and necrosis. The oxidative stress contributed to the metabolic alterations in both glycolysis and TCA cycle. Our results confirm the pro-oxidant effect of vitamin C as relevant in triggering the cytotoxicity in PTC cells and suggest that inhibition of glycolysis and alteration of TCA cycle via NAD+ depletion can play an important role in this mechanism of PTC cancer cell death.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there are thyroid diseases in which breast cancer will appear later as well as the role of autoimmunity. This was a retrospective observational study. A total of 410 females (thyroid surgery and later breast cancer) and 524 females (thyroid surgery only) were compared with regard to pathological thyroid findings, thyroid hormones, thyroid autoimmunity and type of breast cancer. Thyroid autoimmunity, especially antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (p < 0.01); however, this was not true for other thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer. No variant of breast cancer was predominant, and only thyroid autoimmunity was associated with the risk of breast cancer. Further research is needed to explain the impacts of different antithyroid antibodies. Several studies have long hypothesized a link between thyroid disease and breast cancer. The authors' study retrospectively examined a large cohort of patients who initially underwent thyroid surgery and subsequently had breast cancer compared with a control group consisting of patients with only breast cancer. This comparison showed that only autoimmune thyroid disease was a risk factor for subsequent breast cancer, whereas no significant association of thyroid cancer with breast cancer was found.
Collapse
|
11
|
Risk of Breast Cancer in Females With Hypothyroidism: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Cohort Study. Endocr Pract 2020; 27:298-305. [PMID: 33779560 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The results of studies investigating the relationship between breast cancer and hypothyroidism vary greatly from study to study. In this study, we analyzed a large and reliable, population-based database to gain a better understanding of the correlation. METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed patients with hypothyroidism between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2012 (hypothyroidism cohort) from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 in Taiwan. For each woman with hypothyroidism, 1 woman without a history of breast cancer was randomly selected from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 and frequency matched (1:4) with women without hypothyroidism by age and index year of hypothyroidism. The study outcome was the diagnosis of breast cancer during a 12-year follow-up period. RESULTS In this study, 6665 women with hypothyroidism and 26 660 women without hypothyroidism were identified. The hypothyroidism cohort had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer than the nonhypothyroidism cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.69 [95% CI, 1.15-2.49]; P = .01), especially in the group aged 40 to 64 years (aHR 2.07 [95% CI, 1.32-3.23]; P = .01). Women in the hypothyroidism cohort taking levothyroxine for a duration ˃588 days showed a significantly decreased risk of breast cancer (aHR 0.37 [95% CI, 0.19-0.71]; P = .003). CONCLUSION Women with hypothyroidism are at a higher risk of breast cancer than those without hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine may reduce the risk of breast cancer in a woman with hypothyroidism.
Collapse
|
12
|
Arczewska KD, Krasuska W, Stachurska A, Karpińska K, Sikorska J, Kiedrowski M, Lange D, Stępień T, Czarnocka B. hMTH1 and GPX1 expression in human thyroid tissue is interrelated to prevent oxidative DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102954. [PMID: 32877752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized as disturbance of cellular equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and their elimination by antioxidant defense systems. One example of ROS-mediated damage is generation of potentially mutagenic DNA precursor, 8-oxodGTP. In human cells genomic 8-oxodGTP incorporation is prevented by the MutT homologue 1 (MTH1 or hMTH1 for human MTH1) protein. It is well established that malignant cells, including thyroid cancer cells, require hMTH1 for maintaining proliferation and cancerous transformation phenotype. Above observations led to the development of hMTH1 inhibitors as novel anticancer therapeutics. In the current study we present extensive analysis of oxidative stress responses determining sensitivity to hMTH1 deficiency in cultured thyroid cells. We observe here that hMTH1 depletion results in downregulation of several glutathione-dependent OS defense system factors, including GPX1 and GCLM, making some of the tested thyroid cell lines highly dependent on glutathione levels. This is evidenced by the increased ROS burden and enhanced proliferation defect after combination of hMTH1 siRNA and glutathione synthesis inhibition. Moreover, due to the lack of data on hMTH1 expression in human thyroid tumor specimens we decided to perform detailed analysis of hMTH1 expression in thyroid tumor and peri-tumoral tissues from human patients. Our results allow us to propose here that anticancer activity of hMTH1 suppression may be boosted by combination with agents modulating glutathione pool, but further studies are necessary to precisely identify backgrounds susceptible to such combination treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Arczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wanda Krasuska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Karpińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Sikorska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kiedrowski
- Clinical Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Wołowska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stępień
- Department of General and Endocrinological Surgery, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 93-036 Łódź, Poland
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rahnama R, Mahmoudi AR, Kazemnejad S, Salehi M, Ghahiri A, Soltanghoraee H, Vafaei S, Rezaei A, Zarnani AH. Thyroid peroxidase in human endometrium and placenta: a potential target for anti-TPO antibodies. Clin Exp Med 2020; 21:79-88. [PMID: 32980989 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disorder during pregnancy. Thyroid autoantibodies (TAs) have been suggested to serve a role in implantation failure and spontaneous abortion. Until now, there are no data on the potential interaction of TAs with human reproductive organs. Here, we set out for the first time to test this hypothesis by studying the expression of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) at gene and protein level in human reproductive organs. Endometrial samples were taken from normal women, and placenta tissues were collected after full-term caesarian section. Expression of TPO messenger RNA (mRNA) was investigated by qRT-PCR. In addition, polyclonal anti-TPO antibodies were produced and the expression of TPO protein in mentioned tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The reactivity of anti-TPO antibody in human embryos was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. For the first time, our study showed that TPO is expressed at gene and protein levels in endometrium and placenta. TPO expression was mainly localized to glandular and luminal epithelial cells in the endometrium. In placenta, the syncytiotrophoblasts and invasive trophoblast cells were the main cell types that expressed TPO protein. Specific band of approximately 110 kDa was observed in all endometrial and placental tissues by Western blot analysis. However, no expression of TPO protein was observed in human embryo. TPO expression in endometrium and placenta may explain higher frequency of abortion and infertility in patients with thyroid autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Rahnama
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Salehi
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ataollah Ghahiri
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Al-Zahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Haleh Soltanghoraee
- Avicenna Infertility Clinic, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Vafaei
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Amir Hassan Zarnani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
MiRNA let-7 from TPO(+) Extracellular Vesicles is a Potential Marker for a Differential Diagnosis of Follicular Thyroid Nodules. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081917. [PMID: 32824820 PMCID: PMC7465637 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current approaches to distinguish follicular adenomas (FA) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) at the pre-operative stage have low predictive value. Liquid biopsy-based analysis of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) presents a promising diagnostic method. However, the extreme heterogeneity of plasma EV population hampers the development of new diagnostic tests. We hypothesize that the isolation of EVs with thyroid-specific surface molecules followed by miRNA analysis, may have improved diagnostic potency. METHODS The total population of EVs was isolated from the plasma of patients with FA (n = 30) and FTC (n = 30). Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)-positive EVs were isolated from the total populations using immune-beads. The miRNA from the TPO(+)EVs obtained from the plasma of FA and FTC patients was assayed by RT-PCR. The diagnostic potency of the selected miRNAs was estimated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS TPO(+)EVs can be efficiently isolated by immunobeads. The analysis of Let-7 family members in TPO(+)EVs allows one to distinguish FA and FTC with high accuracy (area under curve defined by ROC = 0.77-0.84). CONCLUSION The isolation of TPO(+)EVs, followed by RT-qPCR analysis of Let-7 family members, may present a helpful approach to manage follicular nodules in the thyroid gland.
Collapse
|
15
|
Williams DE, Le SN, Hoke DE, Chandler PG, Gora M, Godlewska M, Banga JP, Buckle AM. Structural Studies of Thyroid Peroxidase Show the Monomer Interacting With Autoantibodies in Thyroid Autoimmune Disease. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5727781. [PMID: 32022847 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a critical membrane-bound enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of multiple thyroid hormones, and is a major autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid diseases such as destructive (Hashimoto) thyroiditis. Here we report the biophysical and structural characterization of a novel TPO construct containing only the ectodomain of TPO and lacking the propeptide. The construct was enzymatically active and able to bind the patient-derived TR1.9 autoantibody. Analytical ultracentrifugation data suggest that TPO can exist as both a monomer and a dimer. Combined with negative stain electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, these data show that the TR1.9 autoantibody preferentially binds the TPO monomer, revealing conformational changes that bring together previously disparate residues into a continuous epitope. In addition to providing plausible structural models of a TPO-autoantibody complex, this study provides validated TPO constructs that will facilitate further characterization, and advances our understanding of the structural, functional, and antigenic characteristics of TPO, an autoantigen implicated in some of the most common autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah N Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David E Hoke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Chandler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monika Gora
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Paul Banga
- Emeritus, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley M Buckle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme that participates in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. TPO is also a major autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). In this review, we summarize the latest developments in the field of TPO research. We present the current understanding of immunodominant serologic determinants, frequency of TPO-specific autoantibodies in the population, as well as genetic and environmental factors contributing to their development. Moreover, we report recent progress in the clinical utilities of TPO autoantibody testing, including thyroid dysfunctions and extra-thyroidal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gawel
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ashley M Buckle
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Muller I, Barrett-Lee PJ. The antigenic link between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:122-134. [PMID: 31128301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between breast cancer and benign thyroid disorders, in particular thyroid autoimmunity, has been debated for decades. Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase, the hallmark of thyroid autoimmunity, have a higher prevalence among patients with breast cancer compared with the general population. Furthermore a correlation between their positivity and a better prognosis of breast cancer was found in several independent small-scale studies, even if such observation was not confirmed in a subsequent retrospective study conducted on the largest patient cohort to date. The thyroid and mammary glands present several biological similarities, therefore the hypothesis of an immune response to shared thyroid/breast antigens could in part explain the association between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. The sodium iodide symporter is expressed in both glands, however it seems unlikely to be the key common antigen, considering that autoantibodies targeting it are rare. Instead thyroid peroxidase, one of the major thyroid autoantigens, is also expressed in breast tissue and therefore represents the main antigenic link between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. Furthermore lactoperoxidase, an enzyme of the same family that shares structural similarities with thyroid peroxidase, is expressed in neoplastic breast cells and is responsible for the cross-reactivity with some autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase. Novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer might take advantage of the antigenic link between thyroid and breast tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Muller
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Godlewska M, Banga PJ. Thyroid peroxidase as a dual active site enzyme: Focus on biosynthesis, hormonogenesis and thyroid disorders of autoimmunity and cancer. Biochimie 2019; 160:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
19
|
Godlewska M, Majkowska-Pilip A, Stachurska A, Biernat JF, Gaweł D, Nazaruk E. Voltammetric and biological studies of folate-targeted non-lamellar lipid mesophases. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|