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Motyka M, Kusy D, Biffi G, Geiser M, Kazantsev SV, Bilkova R, Jahodarova E, Vogler AP, Bocak L. Untangling the evolution of soldier beetles (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) and the evaluation of the morphological phylogenetic signal in a soft-bodied elateroid lineage. Cladistics 2023; 39:548-570. [PMID: 37647219 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study addresses the long-standing uncertainty about the internal classification of soldier beetles (Elateroidea: Cantharidae). Four datasets were compiled and analysed: 66 genes for 14 terminals, 15 mtDNA genes for 79 terminals, one mtDNA and two rRNA genes for 217 terminals, and barcodes for 576 terminals. Based on congruent topologies, Chauliognathinae is proposed as a sister to the remaining Cantharidae, followed by the redefined Malthininae (including Tytthonyxini), the paraphyletic "dysmorphocerine" lineages (Dysmorphocerinae sensu stricto and Heteromastiginae subfam. nov.), and Silinae + Cantharinae as a terminal clade. The present phylogeny supersedes earlier morphology and short-fragment molecular hypotheses that have not converged on a consensus. Few morphological characters corroborate the DNA-based relationships (see the adults and larval keys). However, morphology-based hypotheses have relied on a few informative characters, and no evidence strongly rejects the preferred molecular topology. The interpretation of morphological characters and uncertain polarity resulting from the high phenotypic disparity of Elateroidea are discussed in detail. The dated phylogeny hypothesizes the earliest split within the Cantharidae in the Berriasian stage (Early Cretaceous, ~141 Myr) and the diversification of most extant subfamilies and tribes already in the Late Cretaceous. The most diverse subfamily, Cantharinae, represents a delayed radiation that started during the Eocene climatic optimum, 55.5 Myr. The late origin of Cantharinae questions the classification of Cretaceous Cantharidae as members of Cantharinae. Instead, the results suggest their deeper rooting after separating from dysmorphocerine lineages and before the node between Cantharinae and Silinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Motyka
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Molecular Evolution, Czech Advanced Technology Research Institute, 779 00, Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Kusy
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Molecular Evolution, Czech Advanced Technology Research Institute, 779 00, Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Biffi
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 04263-000, SP, São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, Brazil
| | - Michael Geiser
- Natural History Museum, SW6 7BD, London, Cromwell Road, UK
| | - Sergey V Kazantsev
- Insect Centre, 109651, Moscow, Donetskaya 13-326, Russia
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, 119071, Moscow, 33 Leninsky Pr., Russia
| | - Renata Bilkova
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Molecular Evolution, Czech Advanced Technology Research Institute, 779 00, Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jahodarova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Palacky University, 771 00, Olomouc, Purkrabska 2, Czech Republic
| | - Alfried P Vogler
- Natural History Museum, SW6 7BD, London, Cromwell Road, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Ladislav Bocak
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Molecular Evolution, Czech Advanced Technology Research Institute, 779 00, Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Czech Republic
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Németh T, Hoffmannova J, Kakiopoulos G, Kramp K, Kundrata R. Plastocerus angulosus (Germar, 1844) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae): an enigmatic click beetle with a convoluted taxonomic history. Zootaxa 2023; 5284:271-290. [PMID: 37518737 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastocerus angulosus (Germar, 1844) is one of the only two species of genus Plastocerus Schaum, 1852 within the monogeneric click beetle tribe Plastocerini. It is distributed in the area comprising Greece, Turkey, Syria, Israel, and Lebanon (first record for Lebanon published here). Due to the slightly modified morphology of P. angulosus, this taxon has a convoluted taxonomic history and was earlier classified in various families and even superfamilies. However, recent phylogenies place it in Elateridae: Dendrometrinae. In this study, we review the morphology, intraspecific morphological and genetic variability, sexual dimorphism, systematics, bibliography, and distribution of P. angulosus. Our results show rather low morphological and relatively high genetic variability in this species. Females, which are larger than males and differ mainly in the antennae and abdominal ventrites, are not so rare as previously thought. Further field research should focus on the discovery of immature stages to describe their morphology and understand their biology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Németh
- Department of Zoology and Ecology; Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science; 1. Páter K. str.; H-2100 Gödöllő; Hungary.
| | - Johana Hoffmannova
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Palacky University; 17. listopadu 50; 77146 Olomouc; Czech Republic.
| | | | - Katja Kramp
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V.; Eberswalder Strasse 84; 15374 Müncheberg; Germany.
| | - Robin Kundrata
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut; Eberswalder Strasse 90; 15374 Müncheberg; Germany.
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Kundrata R, Hoffmannova J, Hinson KR, Keller O, Packova G. Rhagophthalmidae Olivier, 1907 (Coleoptera, Elateroidea): described genera and species, current problems, and prospects for the bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetle lineage. Zookeys 2022; 1126:55-130. [PMID: 36760860 PMCID: PMC9881481 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1126.90233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhagophthalmidae are a small beetle family known from the eastern Palaearctic and Oriental realms. Rhagophthalmidae are closely related to railroad worms (Phengodidae) and fireflies (Lampyridae) with which they share highly modified paedomorphic females and the ability to emit light. Currently, Rhagophthalmidae include 66 species classified in the following 12 genera: Bicladodrilus Pic, 1921 (two spp.), Bicladum Pic, 1921 (two spp.), Dioptoma Pascoe, 1860 (two spp.), Diplocladon Gorham, 1883 (two spp.), Dodecatoma Westwood, 1849 (eight spp.), Falsophrixothrix Pic, 1937 (six spp.), Haplocladon Gorham, 1883 (two spp.), Menghuoius Kawashima, 2000 (three spp.), Mimoochotyra Pic, 1937 (one sp.), Monodrilus Pic, 1921 (two spp. in two subgenera), Pseudothilmanus Pic, 1918 (two spp.), and Rhagophthalmus Motschulsky, 1854 (34 spp.). The replacement name Haplocladongorhami Kundrata, nom. nov. is proposed for Diplocladonhasseltii Gorham, 1883b (described in subgenus Haplocladon) which is preoccupied by Diplocladonhasseltii Gorham, 1883a. The genus Reductodrilus Pic, 1943 is tentatively placed in Lampyridae: Ototretinae. Lectotypes are designated for Pseudothilmanusalatus Pic, 1918 and P.marginalis Pic, 1918. Interestingly, in the eastern part of their distribution, Rhagophthalmidae have remained within the boundaries of the Sunda Shelf and the Philippines demarcated by the Wallace Line, which separates the Oriental and Australasian realms. This study is intended to be a first step towards a comprehensive revision of the group on both genus and species levels. Additionally, critical problems and prospects for rhagophthalmid research are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77900, Olomouc, Czech RepublicPalacky UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Johana Hoffmannova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77900, Olomouc, Czech RepublicPalacky UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Kevin R. Hinson
- EpiLogic GmbH Agrarbiologische Forschung und Beratung, Hohenbachernstr. 19–21, 85354, Freising, GermanyEpiLogic GmbH Agrarbiologische Forschung und BeratungFreisingGermany
| | - Oliver Keller
- Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, P.O. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL, 32614-7100, USAFlorida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesGainesvilleUnited States of America
| | - Gabriela Packova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77900, Olomouc, Czech RepublicPalacky UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
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An unusual elateroid lineage from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Elateroidea). Sci Rep 2021; 11:21985. [PMID: 34753998 PMCID: PMC8578672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We here report a new elateroid, Anoeuma lawrencei Li, Kundrata and Cai gen. et sp. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Though superficially similar to some soft-bodied archostematans, Anoeuma could be firmly placed in the polyphagan superfamily Elateroidea based on the hind wing venation. Detailed morphological comparisons between extant elateroids and the Cretaceous fossils suggest that the unique character combination does not fit with confidence into any existing soft-bodied elateroid group, although some characters indicate possible relationships between Anoeuma and Omalisinae. Our discovery of this new lineage further demonstrates the past diversity and morphological disparity of soft-bodied elateroids.
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Riley WB, Rosa SP, Lima da Silveira LF. A comprehensive review and call for studies on firefly larvae. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12121. [PMID: 34616609 PMCID: PMC8459732 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are commonly recognized by adult traits, such as a soft exoskeleton, lanterns and associated glow and flash patterns, but their larval stage is far less appreciated. However, fireflies spend most of their lives as larvae, and adults of most species rely solely on resources previously obtained. Therefore, studying the immature stages is imperative towards a comprehensive understanding of fireflies. This paper reviews and indicates key gaps in the biology of firefly larvae based on available literature. METHODOLOGY We reviewed the literature on firefly larvae to identify key issues and important taxonomic, geographic, and subject biases and gaps. RESULTS We found 376 papers that included information on firefly larvae. Only 139 species in 47 genera across eight of eleven lampyrid subfamilies have been studied during larval stages. These numbers reveal a staggering gap, since 94% of species and over half of the genera of fireflies were never studied in a crucial stage of their life cycle. Most studies on firefly larvae focus on two subfamilies (Luciolinae and Lampyrinae) in four zoogeographic regions (Sino-Japanese, Oriental, Nearctic, and Palearctic), whereas the other subfamilies and regions remain largely unstudied. These studies mainly dealt with morphology and behavior, other subjects remaining greatly understudied by comparison, including habitats, life cycle, physiology and interactions. CONCLUSIONS Together, these literature biases and gaps highlight how little is known about firefly larvae, and warmly invite basic and applied research, in the field and in the lab, to overcome these limitations and improve our understanding of firefly biology to better preserve them.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Riley
- Department of Biology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, United States of America
| | - Simone Policena Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Douglas HB, Kundrata R, Brunke AJ, Escalona HE, Chapados JT, Eyres J, Richter R, Savard K, Ślipiński A, McKenna D, Dettman JR. Anchored Phylogenomics, Evolution and Systematics of Elateridae: Are All Bioluminescent Elateroidea Derived Click Beetles? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060451. [PMID: 34063961 PMCID: PMC8224040 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In the era of phylogenomics, new molecular sequencing and computational techniques can aid in resolving phylogenetic relationships that were previously intractable by morphological or limited molecular data. In this study, we used anchored hybrid enrichment—designed to recover DNA sequences from hundreds of single-copy orthologous genes—to resolve the phylogeny of the Elateridae (click-beetles) and establish their placement within superfamily Elateroidea. The resulting data were compatible with published transcriptomes, allowing for integrating our dataset with previously published data. Using a wide range of analyses on these molecular data, we tested hypotheses long-debated in the morphological literature and also the robustness of our phylogenetic inferences. Our results placed the bioluminescent lampyroids (fireflies and relatives) within the click-beetles, challenging the current classification of Elateridae, Lampyridae, Phengodidae, and Rhagophthalmidae. However, despite the large amount of molecular data analyzed, a few nodes with conflicting phylogenetic signals could not be unambiguously resolved. Overall, we recovered well-resolved tree topologies that will serve as a framework for further systematic and evolutionary studies of click-beetles. This work further demonstrates that the click-beetle lineage contains not only pest wireworms, but also many species that benefit agriculture. Abstract Click-beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are an abundant, diverse, and economically important beetle family that includes bioluminescent species. To date, molecular phylogenies have sampled relatively few taxa and genes, incompletely resolving subfamily level relationships. We present a novel probe set for anchored hybrid enrichment of 2260 single-copy orthologous genes in Elateroidea. Using these probes, we undertook the largest phylogenomic study of Elateroidea to date (99 Elateroidea, including 86 Elateridae, plus 5 non-elateroid outgroups). We sequenced specimens from 88 taxa to test the monophyly of families, subfamilies and tribes. Maximum likelihood and coalescent phylogenetic analyses produced well-resolved topologies. Notably, the included non-elaterid bioluminescent families (Lampyridae + Phengodidae + Rhagophthalmidae) form a clade within the otherwise monophyletic Elateridae, and Sinopyrophoridae may not warrant recognition as a family. All analyses recovered the elaterid subfamilies Elaterinae, Agrypninae, Cardiophorinae, Negastriinae, Pityobiinae, and Tetralobinae as monophyletic. Our results were conflicting on whether the hypnoidines are sister to Dendrometrinae or Cardiophorinae + Negastriinae. Moreover, we show that fossils with the eucnemid-type frons and elongate cylindrical shape may belong to Eucnemidae, Elateridae: Thylacosterninae, ancestral hard-bodied cantharoids or related extinct groups. Proposed taxonomic changes include recognition of Plastocerini as a tribe in Dendrometrinae and Hypnoidinae stat. nov. as a subfamily within Elateridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hume B. Douglas
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (A.J.B.); (J.T.C.); (J.E.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (J.R.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Adam J. Brunke
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (A.J.B.); (J.T.C.); (J.E.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Hermes E. Escalona
- Australian National Insect Collection, National Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (H.E.E.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Julie T. Chapados
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (A.J.B.); (J.T.C.); (J.E.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Jackson Eyres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (A.J.B.); (J.T.C.); (J.E.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Robin Richter
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (A.J.B.); (J.T.C.); (J.E.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Karine Savard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (A.J.B.); (J.T.C.); (J.E.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Adam Ślipiński
- Australian National Insect Collection, National Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (H.E.E.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Duane McKenna
- Center for Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Jeremy R. Dettman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (A.J.B.); (J.T.C.); (J.E.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (J.R.D.)
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Li YD, Kundrata R, Tihelka E, Liu Z, Huang D, Cai C. Cretophengodidae, a new Cretaceous beetle family, sheds light on the evolution of bioluminescence. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202730. [PMID: 33468008 PMCID: PMC7893276 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescent beetles of the superfamily Elateroidea (fireflies, fire beetles, glow-worms) are the most speciose group of terrestrial light-producing animals. The evolution of bioluminescence in elateroids is associated with unusual morphological modifications, such as soft-bodiedness and neoteny, but the fragmentary nature of the fossil record discloses little about the origin of these adaptations. We report the discovery of a new bioluminescent elateroid beetle family from the mid-Cretaceous of northern Myanmar (ca 99 Ma), Cretophengodidae fam. nov. Cretophengodes azari gen. et sp. nov. belongs to the bioluminescent lampyroid clade, and would appear to represent a transitional fossil linking the soft-bodied Phengodidae + Rhagophthalmidae clade and hard-bodied elateroids. The fossil male possesses a light organ on the abdomen which presumably served a defensive function, documenting a Cretaceous radiation of bioluminescent beetles coinciding with the diversification of major insectivore groups such as frogs and stem-group birds. The discovery adds a key branch to the elateroid tree of life and sheds light on the evolution of soft-bodiedness and the historical biogeography of elateroid beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Centre for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Tihelka
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Diying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Centre for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Centre for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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Kusy D, Motyka M, Bocak L. Click Beetle Mitogenomics with the Definition of a New Subfamily Hapatesinae from Australasia (Coleoptera: Elateridae). INSECTS 2020; 12:17. [PMID: 33383651 PMCID: PMC7859858 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Elateridae is a taxon with very unstable classification and a number of conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses have been based on morphology and molecular data. We assembled eight complete mitogenomes for seven elaterid subfamilies and merged these taxa with an additional 22 elaterids and an outgroup. The structure of the newly produced mitogenomes showed a very similar arrangement with regard to all earlier published mitogenomes for the Elateridae. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses indicated that Hapatesus Candèze, 1863, is a sister of Parablacinae and Pityobiinae. Therefore, Hapatesinae, a new subfamily, is proposed for the Australian genera Hapatesus (21 spp.) and Toorongus Neboiss, 1957 (4 spp.). Parablacinae, Pityobiinae, and Hapatesinae have a putative Gondwanan origin as the constituent genera are known from the Australian region (9 genera) and Neotropical region (Tibionema Solier, 1851), and only Pityobius LeConte, 1853, occurs in the Nearctic region. Another putative Gondwanan lineage, the Afrotropical Morostomatinae, forms either a serial paraphylum with the clade of Parablacinae, Pityobiinae, and Hapatesinae or is rooted in a more terminal position, but always as an independent lineage. An Eudicronychinae lineage was either recovered as a sister to Melanotini or as a deep split inside Elaterinae and we herein transfer the group to Elaterinae as Eudicronychini, a new status. The mitochondrial genomes provide a sufficient signal for the placement of most lineages, but the deep bipartitions need to be compared with phylogenomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ladislav Bocak
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Molecular Evolution, CATRIN-CRH, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.M.)
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9
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Peris D, Kundrata R, Delclòs X, Mähler B, Ivie MA, Rust J, Labandeira CC. Unlocking the mystery of the mid-Cretaceous Mysteriomorphidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) and modalities in transiting from gymnosperms to angiosperms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16854. [PMID: 33033283 PMCID: PMC7545178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The monospecific family Mysteriomorphidae was recently described based on two fossil specimens from the Late Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar. The family was placed in Elateriformia incertae sedis without a clear list of characters that define it either in Elateroidea or in Byrrhoidea. We report here four additional adult specimens of the same lineage, one of which was described using a successful reconstruction from a CT-scan analysis to better observe some characters. The new specimens enabled us to considerably improve the diagnosis of Mysteriomorphidae. The family is definitively placed in Elateroidea, and we hypothesize its close relationship with Elateridae. Similarly, there are other fossil families of beetles that are exclusively described from Cretaceous ambers. These lineages may have been evolutionarily replaced by the ecological revolution launched by angiosperms that introduced new co-associations with taxa. These data indicate a macroevolutionary pattern of replacement that could be extended to other insect groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peris
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Xavier Delclòs
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bastian Mähler
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael A Ivie
- Montana Entomology Collection, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jes Rust
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Conrad C Labandeira
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
- Department of Entomology and Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
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10
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Rosa SP, Costa C, Kramp K, Kundrata R. Hidden diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest: the discovery of Jurasaidae, a new beetle family (Coleoptera, Elateroidea) with neotenic females. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1544. [PMID: 32005908 PMCID: PMC6994542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Beetles are the most species-rich animal radiation and are among the historically most intensively studied insect groups. Consequently, the vast majority of their higher-level taxa had already been described about a century ago. In the 21st century, thus far, only three beetle families have been described de novo based on newly collected material. Here, we report the discovery of a completely new lineage of soft-bodied neotenic beetles from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, which is one of the most diverse and also most endangered biomes on the planet. We identified three species in two genera, which differ in morphology of all life stages and exhibit different degrees of neoteny in females. We provide a formal description of this lineage for which we propose the new family Jurasaidae. Molecular phylogeny recovered Jurasaidae within the basal grade in Elateroidea, sister to the well-sclerotized rare click beetles, Cerophytidae. This placement is supported by several larval characters including the modified mouthparts. The discovery of a new beetle family, which is due to the limited dispersal capability and cryptic lifestyle of its wingless females bound to long-term stable habitats, highlights the importance of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest as a top priority area for nature conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Policena Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleide Costa
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katja Kramp
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Strasse 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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11
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Kundrata R, Blank SM, Prosvirov AS, Sormova E, Gimmel ML, Vondráček D, Kramp K. One less mystery in Coleoptera systematics: the position of Cydistinae (Elateriformia incertae sedis) resolved by multigene phylogenetic analysis. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cydistinae are a rare monogeneric beetle lineage from Asia with a convoluted history of classification, historically placed in various groups within the series Elateriformia. However, their position has never been rigorously tested. To resolve this long-standing puzzle, we are the first to present sequences of two nuclear and two mitochondrial markers for four species of Cydistinae to determine their phylogenetic position. We included these sequences in two rounds of analyses: one including a broad Elateriformia dataset to test placement at the superfamily/family level, and a second, including a richer, targeted sampling of presumed close relatives. Our results strongly support Cydistinae as sister to Phengodidae in a clade with Rhagophthalmidae. Based on our molecular phylogenetic results and examination of morphological characters, we hereby transfer the formerly unplaced Cydistinae into Phengodidae and provide diagnoses for the newly circumscribed Phengodidae, Cydistinae and Cydistus. Since both Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae have bioluminescent larvae and strongly neotenic females, similar features can be hypothesized for Cydistinae. Additionally, Cydistus minor is transferred to the new genus Microcydistus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan M Blank
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Alexander S Prosvirov
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eliska Sormova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dominik Vondráček
- Department of Entomology, National Museum, Praha 9 – Horní Počernice, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Katja Kramp
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany
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12
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Bi WX, He* JW, Chen CC, Kundrata R, Li XY. Sinopyrophorinae, a new subfamily of Elateridae (Coleoptera, Elateroidea) with the first record of a luminous click beetle in Asia and evidence for multiple origins of bioluminescence in Elateridae. Zookeys 2019; 864:79-97. [PMID: 31363346 PMCID: PMC6656784 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.864.26689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The new subfamily Sinopyrophorinae within Elateridae is proposed to accommodate a bioluminescent species, Sinopyrophorusschimmeli Bi & Li, gen. et sp. nov., recently discovered in Yunnan, China. This lineage is morphologically distinguished from other click-beetle subfamilies by the strongly protruding frontoclypeal region, which is longitudinally carinate medially, the pretarsal claws without basal setae, the hind wing venation with a well-defined wedge cell, the abdomen with seven (male) or six (female) ventrites, the large luminous organ on the abdominal sternite II, and the male genitalia with median lobe much shorter than parameres, and parameres arcuate, with the inner margin near its apical third dentate. Molecular phylogeny based on the combined 14 mitochondrial and two nuclear genes supports the placement of this taxon far from other luminescent click-beetle groups, which provides additional evidence for the multiple origin of bioluminescence in Elateridae. Illustrations of habitus and main diagnostic features of S.schimmeli Bi & Li, gen. et sp. nov. are provided, as well as the brief description of its luminescent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Room 401, No. 2, Lane 155, Lianhua South Road, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Jin-Wu He*
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chang-Chin Chen
- NPS office, Tianjin New Wei San Industrial Company, Ltd., Tianjing, China
| | - Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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13
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Kundrata R, Bocak L. Molecular phylogeny reveals the gradual evolutionary transition to soft-bodiedness in click-beetles and identifies sub-Saharan Africa as a cradle of diversity for Drilini (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Drilini are soft-bodied predatory click-beetles (Elateridae: Agrypninae) with incompletely metamorphosed females. Due to divergent morphology, their classification has been contentious. We present the first densely sampled molecular phylogeny of Drilini based on nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Altogether, 44 species, representing all genera, were analysed using maximum likelihood and the Bayesian approach. Molecular analyses recovered five major clades that were also well supported by morphology. Afrotropical lineages mark deep splits. Most Palearctic species belong to a terminal clade. A few species of the predominantly Afrotropical Selasia are distributed from Arabia up to the Himalayas and Thailand. The origin of Drilini is dated to the Late Eocene (~35.5 Mya) and rapid radiation is identified from the Eocene/Oligocene to the Middle Miocene. We describe the gradual transformation of male morphological traits, e.g. the level of sclerotization, structure of mouthparts, loss of the thoracic interlocking mechanism, shortened elytra and expanded larviform abdomen. Five new genera, Austroselasia, Habeshaselasia, Illubaboria, Malacodrilus and Mashaselasia are proposed. Latoselasia, previously a subgenus of Wittmerselasia, is elevated to the genus rank. Five new species, Habeshaselasia nekemtensis, H. illubaborensis, Illubaboria bicolor, Malacodrilus hajeki and Mashaselasia aethiopica are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ladislav Bocak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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14
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Kundrata R, Kubaczkova M, Prosvirov AS, Douglas HB, Fojtikova A, Costa C, Bousquet Y, Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Bouchard P. World catalogue of the genus-group names in Elateridae (Insecta, Coleoptera). Part I: Agrypninae, Campyloxeninae, Hemiopinae, Lissominae, Oestodinae, Parablacinae, Physodactylinae, Pityobiinae, Subprotelaterinae, Tetralobinae. Zookeys 2019; 839:83-154. [PMID: 31057327 PMCID: PMC6478653 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.839.33279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this first part of the World catalogue of genus-group names in Elateridae, a nomenclatural review of the genera belonging to ten subfamilies is provided. All names are given with author name, year, and page of publication, type species, and type fixation. We list 132 valid genera in Agrypninae, 2 in Campyloxeninae, 4 in Hemiopinae, 11 in Lissominae, 2 in Oestodinae, 8 in Parablacinae, 2 in Physodactylinae, 2 in Pityobiinae, 1 in Subprotelaterinae, and 7 in Tetralobinae. Genera Anathesis Candèze, 1865, Antitypus Candèze, 1882, Chrostus Candèze, 1878, Dorygonus Candèze, 1859 (with subgenus Rygodonus Fleutiaux, 1932), and Macromalocera Hope, 1834 are tentatively placed as Agrypninaeincertae sedis. Paradrapetesvillosus Fleutiaux, 1895 is designated as the type species for Paradrapetes Fleutiaux, 1895. Two new genera are proposed based on species previously incorrectly used as type species for Abiphis Fleutiaux, 1926 and Lycoreus Candèze, 1857. These genera are Neoabiphis Kundrata & Bouchard, gen. n. (type species: Elaternobilis Illiger, 1800) and Neolycoreus Kundrata & Bouchard, gen. n. (type species: L.regalis Candèze, 1857), respectively. The following new combinations are proposed for species hitherto included in Abiphis Fleutiaux, 1926: Neoabiphiscandezei (Alluaud, 1896), comb. n., N.fairmairei (Fleutiaux, 1903), comb. n., N.goudoti (Fleutiaux, 1942), comb. n., N.insignis (Klug, 1833), comb. n., N.nobilis (Illiger, 1800), comb. n., and N.viettei (Girard, 1966), comb. n. The following new combinations are proposed for species hitherto included in Lycoreus Candèze, 1857: Neolycoreusalluaudi (Candèze, 1900), comb. n., N.corpulentus (Candèze, 1899), comb. n., N.cyclops (Candèze, 1865), comb. n., N.decorsei (Fleutiaux, 1903), comb. n., N.dux (Candèze, 1857), comb. n., N.goudotii (Laporte, 1838), comb. n., N.madagascariensis (Gory, 1832), comb. n., N.oculipennis (Fairmaire, 1903), comb. n., N.orbiculatus (Schwarz, 1901), comb. n., N.regalis (Candèze, 1857), comb. n., N.sicardi (Fleutiaux, 1942), comb. n., N.triangularis (Fleutiaux, 1942), comb. n., N.triocellatus (Laporte, 1838), comb. n., and N.vicinus (Fleutiaux, 1942), comb. n. The following new combinations are proposed for species hitherto incorrectly included in Plectrosternus Lacordaire, 1857: Legnarufa (Lacordaire, 1857), comb. n., L.convexa (Vats, 1991), comb. n., L.coolsi (Schimmel, 1996), comb. n., and L.foveata (Patwardhan & Athalye, 2012), comb. n. This research revealed a nomenclatural problem threatening the stability of the well-established valid genus name Adelocera Latreille, 1829. An application to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will be necessary in this case to maintain stability. Additionally, we act here as First Revisers (ICZN 1999, Art. 24.2) in giving precedence to Lucarius Gistel, 1848 (Staphylinidae) over Lucarius Gistel, 1848 (Elateridae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Kubaczkova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Alexander S Prosvirov
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1/12, 119234, Moscow, Russia Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Hume B Douglas
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa Canada
| | - Anna Fojtikova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Cleide Costa
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42.494, CEP 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Miguel A Alonso-Zarazaga
- Depto. de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/. José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Madrid Spain
| | - Patrice Bouchard
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa Canada
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15
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Kusy D, Motyka M, Bocek M, Vogler AP, Bocak L. Genome sequences identify three families of Coleoptera as morphologically derived click beetles (Elateridae). Sci Rep 2018; 8:17084. [PMID: 30459416 PMCID: PMC6244081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastoceridae Crowson, 1972, Drilidae Blanchard, 1845 and Omalisidae Lacordaire, 1857 (Elateroidea) are families of the Coleoptera with obscure phylogenetic relationships and modified morphology showing neotenic traits such as soft bodies, reduced wing cases and larviform females. We shotgun sequenced genomes of Plastocerus, Drilus and Omalisus and incorporated them into data matrices of 66 and 4202 single-copy nuclear genes representing Elateroidea. Phylogenetic analyses indicate their terminal positions within the broadly defined well-sclerotized and fully metamorphosed Elateridae and thus Omalisidae should now be considered as Omalisinae stat. nov. in Elateridae Leach, 1815. The results support multiple independent origins of incomplete metamorphosis in Elateridae and indicate the parallel evolution of morphological and ecological traits. Unlike other neotenic elateroids derived from the supposedly pre-adapted aposematically coloured and unpalatable soft-bodied elateroids, such as fireflies (Lampyridae) and net-winged beetles (Lycidae), omalisids and drilids evolved from well-sclerotized click beetles. These findings suggest sudden morphological shifts through incomplete metamorphosis, with important implications for macroevolution, including reduced speciation rate and high extinction risk in unstable habitats. Precise phylogenetic placement is necessary for studies of the molecular mechanisms of ontogenetic shifts leading to profoundly changed morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kusy
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Motyka
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Bocek
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alfried P Vogler
- Department of Life Science, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
- Department of Life Science, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London Ascot, London, SL5 7BD, UK
| | - Ladislav Bocak
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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16
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Molecular Phylogeny, Diversity and Zoogeography of Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae). INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9040154. [PMID: 30388727 PMCID: PMC6315567 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We synthesize the evidence from molecular phylogenetics, extant distribution, and plate tectonics to present an insight in ancestral areas, dispersal routes and the effectiveness of geographic barriers for net-winged beetle tribes (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Samples from all zoogeographical realms were assembled and phylogenetic relationships for ~550 species and 25 tribes were inferred using nuclear rRNA and mtDNA markers. The analyses revealed well-supported clades at the rank of tribes as they have been defined using morphology, but a low support for relationships among them. Most tribes started their diversification in Southeast and East Asia or are endemic to this region. Slipinskiini and Dexorini are Afrotropical endemics and Calopterini, Eurrhacini, Thonalmini, and Leptolycini remained isolated in South America and the Caribbean after their separation from northern continents. Lycini, Calochromini, and Erotini support relationships between the Nearctic and eastern Palearctic faunas; Calochromini colonized the Afrotropical realm from East Asia and Metriorrhynchini Afrotropical and Oriental realms from the drifting Indian subcontinent. Most tribes occur in the Oriental and Sino-Japanese realms, the highest alpha-taxonomic diversity was identified in Malesian tropical rainforests. The turn-over at zoogeographical boundaries is discussed when only short distance over-sea colonization events were inferred. The lycid phylogeny shows that poor dispersers can be used for reconstruction of dispersal and vicariance history over a long time-span, but the current data are insufficient for reconstruction of the early phase of their diversification.
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17
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Fallon TR, Lower SE, Chang CH, Bessho-Uehara M, Martin GJ, Bewick AJ, Behringer M, Debat HJ, Wong I, Day JC, Suvorov A, Silva CJ, Stanger-Hall KF, Hall DW, Schmitz RJ, Nelson DR, Lewis SM, Shigenobu S, Bybee SM, Larracuente AM, Oba Y, Weng JK. Firefly genomes illuminate parallel origins of bioluminescence in beetles. eLife 2018; 7:e36495. [PMID: 30324905 PMCID: PMC6191289 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fireflies and their luminous courtships have inspired centuries of scientific study. Today firefly luciferase is widely used in biotechnology, but the evolutionary origin of bioluminescence within beetles remains unclear. To shed light on this long-standing question, we sequenced the genomes of two firefly species that diverged over 100 million-years-ago: the North American Photinus pyralis and Japanese Aquatica lateralis. To compare bioluminescent origins, we also sequenced the genome of a related click beetle, the Caribbean Ignelater luminosus, with bioluminescent biochemistry near-identical to fireflies, but anatomically unique light organs, suggesting the intriguing hypothesis of parallel gains of bioluminescence. Our analyses support independent gains of bioluminescence in fireflies and click beetles, and provide new insights into the genes, chemical defenses, and symbionts that evolved alongside their luminous lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Fallon
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sarah E Lower
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
- Department of BiologyBucknell UniversityLewisburgUnited States
| | - Ching-Ho Chang
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RochesterRochesterUnited States
| | - Manabu Bessho-Uehara
- Department of Environmental BiologyChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingUnited States
| | - Gavin J Martin
- Department of BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUnited States
| | - Adam J Bewick
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Megan Behringer
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of EvolutionArizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Humberto J Debat
- Center of Agronomic Research, National Institute of Agricultural TechnologyCórdobaArgentina
| | - Isaac Wong
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RochesterRochesterUnited States
| | - John C Day
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH)WallingfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Anton Suvorov
- Department of BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUnited States
| | - Christian J Silva
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RochesterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisUnited States
| | | | - David W Hall
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | | | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and BiochemistryUniversity of Tennessee HSCMemphisUnited States
| | - Sara M Lewis
- Department of BiologyTufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- NIBB Core Research FacilitiesNational Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
| | - Seth M Bybee
- Department of BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUnited States
| | | | - Yuichi Oba
- Department of Environmental BiologyChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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