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Lisnerova M, Bartosova-Sojkova P, Lovy A, Blabolil P, Fiala I. Evidence of striking morphological similarity and tissue tropism of phylogenetically distant myxozoan genera: Myxidium and Paramyxidium in the kidney of the European eel. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2024; 71:2024.013. [PMID: 39101756 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2024.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
European eel, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus) (Elopomorpha: Anguilliformes), is a critically endangered fish of ecological and economic importance, hosting numerous parasites, including myxozoans (Cnidaria). Since its initial discovery in the kidney of European eel, Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906 has been reported with numerous spore sizes and shapes from various tissues of multiple anguillid species. Morphological variability, wide host and tissue spectrum, and lack of sequence data raised doubts about the conspecificity of reported isolates. Subsequent studies provided 18S rDNA sequences of several isolates from anguillids and other elopiform fish, and demonstrated a split of parasite data into two distinct phylogenetic lineages, one comprising the M. giardi sequence, and the other all species infecting elopiform fishes classified under the recently established genus Paramyxidium Freeman et Kristmundsson, 2018. Myxidium giardi was, however, transferred to this genus as Paramyxidium giardi n. comb. and designated as the type species of the genus. In line with this change, the sequence originally identified as M. giardi was considered to have been incorrectly associated with this species. To shed light on the status of M. giardi originally described by Cépède (1906), we conducted microscopic and molecular examinations of various organs of 24 individuals of European eel, originating from diverse Czech habitats. Through morphometric and molecular analyses, we demonstrated that spore and polar capsule morphology, morphometry and tissue tropism of our European eel kidney parasite isolates matched the features of the original M. giardi description. Our isolates clustered in the lineage encompassing the first published M. giardi sequence. Thus, the originally described M. giardi indeed represents an existing species within the genus Myxidium Bütschli, 1882, which we formally resurrect and redescribe. Due to the morphological and molecular differences between M. giardi and P. giardi of Freeman et Kristmundsson (2018), we additionally rename the latter species as Paramyxidium freemani nom. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lisnerova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bartosova-Sojkova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Lovy
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Blabolil
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Fiala
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Baiko D, Lisnerová M, Bartošová-Sojková P, Holzer AS, Blabolil P, Schabuss M, Fiala I. Solving the Myxidium rhodei (Myxozoa) puzzle: insights into its phylogeny and host specificity in Cypriniformes. Parasite 2024; 31:35. [PMID: 38949637 PMCID: PMC11216160 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Myxidium rhodei Léger, 1905 (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) is a kidney-infecting myxosporean that was originally described from the European bitterling Rhodeus amarus. Subsequently, it has been documented based on spore morphology in more than 40 other cypriniform species, with the roach Rutilus rutilus being the most commonly reported host. This study introduces the first comprehensive data assessment of M. rhodei, conducted through morphological, ecological and molecular methods. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences of Myxidium isolates obtained from European bitterling and roach did not support parasite conspecificity from these fish. In fact, the roach-infecting isolates represent three distinct parasite species. The first two, M. rutili n. sp. and M. rutilusi n. sp., are closely related cryptic species clustering with other myxosporeans in the freshwater urinary clade, sharing the same tissue tropism. The third one, M. batuevae n. sp., previously assigned to M. cf. rhodei, clustered in the hepatic biliary clade sister to bitterling-infecting M. rhodei. Our examination of diverse cypriniform fishes, coupled with molecular and morphological analyses, allowed us to untangle the cryptic species nature of M. rhodei and discover the existence of novel species. This underscores the largely undiscovered range of myxozoan diversity and highlights the need to incorporate sequence data in diagnosing novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariya Baiko
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Oldenburg 26129 Germany
| | - Martina Lisnerová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bartošová-Sojková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
| | - Astrid S. Holzer
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
- Fish Health Division, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna 1210 Austria
| | - Petr Blabolil
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivan Fiala
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
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Zatti SA, Araújo BL, Adriano EA, Maia AAM. A new freshwater Ceratomyxa species (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) parasitizing a sciaenid fish from the Amazon Basin, Brazil. Parasitol Int 2023; 97:102796. [PMID: 37595832 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Myxozoans of Ceratomyxidae Doflein, 1899 are common coelozoic parasites of marine life, and are also found less frequently in freshwater fish. The present study describes Ceratomyxa ranunculiformis n. sp. as a new freshwater myxosporean species infecting the gall bladder of the Amazonian sciaenid Plagioscion squamosissimus. The new Ceratomyxa was described based on its host, myxospore morphology, ribosomal rDNA gene sequencing, parasite distribution, and phylogenetic analysis. Immature and mature plasmodia were tadpole-shaped or pyriform, and exhibited slow undulatory motility. The myxospores were elongated and crescent-shaped in the frontal view, with a sutural line between two valves, which had rounded ends. The measurements of the formalin-fixed myxospores were: average length 4.9 (4.0-6.6) μm, average thickness 37.6 (32.4-43.9) μm, average posterior angle 165° (154°-173°). Two ovoid polar capsules of equal size, average length 2.0 (1.4-3.0) μm and average width 1.9 (1.4-2.4) μm, were located adjacent to the suture and contained polar filaments with 2-3 coils. The integrated comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics and molecular analyses of the ribosomal rDNA genes supported the identification of a new species of coelozoic Ceratomyxa. Maximum likelihood analyses showed the new species clustering within a well-supported clade, together with all the other Amazonian freshwater ceratomyxids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen A Zatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno L Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson A Adriano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio A M Maia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Rocha S, Filipe Rangel L, Casal G, Severino R, Soares F, Rodrigues P, Santos MJ. Occurrence of two myxosporean parasites in the gall bladder of white seabream Diplodus sargus (L.) (Teleostei, Sparidae), with the morphological and molecular description of Ceratomyxa sargus n. sp. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14599. [PMID: 36655052 PMCID: PMC9841901 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxosporeans are widespread cnidarian parasites that usually parasitize fish as part of their complex life cycle, thus constituting a potential threat for the aquaculture industry. White seabream Diplodus sargus (L.) is a commercially valuable sparid fish reared in Southern European aquacultures. Nonetheless, knowledge on myxosporean infections potentially harming the sustainable production of this fish is extremely limited. In this study, a myxosporean survey was conducted on D. sargus specimens reared in two Southern Portuguese fish farms. Two coelozoic myxosporeans were detected infecting the gall bladder, and are herein reported based on microscopic and molecular procedures: Ceratomyxa sargus n. sp. and Zschokkella auratis Rocha et al., 2013, previously described from reared stocks of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata in the same geographic locality. Ceratomyxa sargus n. sp. is the 12th species of the genus to be reported from Southern European sparids, reinforcing a substantial radiation of Ceratomyxa within this fish family and geographic region. SSU rRNA-based Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses revealed C. sargus n. sp. positioned separately from other sparid-infecting Ceratomyxa spp. reported from Southern European countries, demonstrating that this species does not share a more immediate common ancestor with its closest relatives based on host affinity and geography. The recognition of a novel sparid-infecting lineage within the Ceratomyxa clade strengthens the contention that this genus entered sparid fish multiple times, namely in the Southern European region. The identification of Zschokkella auratis infections in D. sargus demonstrates that host shift has occurred among sparids reared in the Southern Portuguese coast. This agrees with the broad host specificity that is usually attributed to this genus, and that may be suggested to be the outcome of the capacity of the Zschokkella morphotype to undergo host shift/switch based on our findings and the limited molecular data available for this genus. Thus, a better understanding of Zschokkella host-associated diversification and dispersal mechanisms requires the increasing availability of molecular data from infections of the same species occurring in multiple hosts and geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Rocha
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Rangel
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Casal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,TOXRUN – Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Severino
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Rodrigues
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Zatti SA, Marinho AMR, Adriano EA, Maia AAM. Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a Panmictic Population of Henneguya longisporoplasma n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) in the Amazon Basin. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1644-1656. [DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Mansour L, Thabet A, Al-Tamimi J, Nahdi S, Alomar S, Abdel-Baki AAS. Morphological Redescription and Phylogenetical Position of Ceratomyxa truncata Thelohan (1895) and Coccomyxa morovi Léger and Hesse, 1907 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) Infecting the Gall Bladder of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) from Tunisian Coast. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:288-297. [PMID: 34390457 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Two myxosporean species have been, so far, independently reported from the gallbladder of the European pilchard, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) (synonym Clupea pilchardus) in the Northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea; Ceratomyxa truncata Thélohan, and Coccomyxa morovi Léger and Hesse, 1907. The two species were described with incomplete morphological data and based only on line drawings of their mature myxospores. METHODS During a parasitological survey in the Southern shores of the Mediterranean coast in the gulf of Gabès off Tunisia, two coelozoic myxosporean species were found in the European pilchard and described using morphological and molecular phylogenetic tools. Morphological characterization was based on the mature myxospore study and some vegetative stages. The SSU rDNA sequences were performed for molecular and phylogenetic study. RESULTS The most frequently encountered species belongs to the genus Ceratomyxa Thelohan, 1892. The second species belongs to the genus Coccomyxa. Morphological examinations, allowed us to match these two recorded species with Ceratomyxa truncata and Coccomyxa morovi, respectively, as previously described in the same host species referring to the original manuscripts instead of some morphological differences. Molecular analyses based on the partial SSU rDNA sequences did not much with any of the previously reported myxozoan sequences. Phylogenetic analysis positioned C. truncate in a well-supported clade including Ceratomyxa ssp. from Mediterranean Sea, while C. morovi was positioned on the basis of the subclade grouping all Coccomyxidae species. CONCLUSION We provided herein a first morphological redescription of Ceratomyxa truncata and Coccomyxa morovi parasite of Sardina pilchardus from the Southern shores of the Mediterranean Sea and we successfully obtained the SSU rDNA sequences of these two species and positioned them in the phylogenetic tree.
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Alama-Bermejo G, Hernández-Orts JS, Huchon D, Atkinson SD. Two novel myxosporean parasite species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 from the banded cusk-eel Raneya brasiliensis (Kaup) (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) off Patagonia, Argentina. Parasitol Int 2021; 85:102433. [PMID: 34371156 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We described two novel myxozoan parasite species Ceratomyxa argentina n. sp. and Ceratomyxa raneyae n. sp. from the gall bladder of Raneya brasiliensis (Kaup) from the Patagonian coast of Argentina. Both species can be distinguished from other ceratomyxids by myxospore and polar capsule (nematocyst) morphology and morphometry, fish host and geographic locality. Phylogenetic reconstruction using ssrDNA gene sequences showed that the two new species are placed in a long-branching ceratomyxid clade which also include Ceratomyxa appendiculata Thélohan, 1892, Ceratomyxa anko Freeman, Yokoyama and Ogawa, 2008, Ceratomyxa pantherini Gunter, Burger and Adlard, 2010 and Pseudoalataspora kovalevae Kalavati, MacKenzie, Collins, Hemmingsen and Brickle, 2013. This study documents additional biodiversity of marine myxozoans in the South Atlantic, a region still largely unexplored for this group of parasitic cnidarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Alama-Bermejo
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37 005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 97331 Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
| | - Jesús S Hernández-Orts
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37 005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dorothée Huchon
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stephen D Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 97331 Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Bittencourt LS, Ferreira RLDS, Videira MN, Silva MFD, Silva DTD, Hamoy I, Carvalho JCT, Matos E. Sphaerospora festivus n. sp., a parasite of the flag cichlid, Mesonauta festivus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from eastern Amazon, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e004621. [PMID: 34190777 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a new species of the genus Sphaerospora found in the urinary bladder of the flag cichlid, Mesonauta festivus collected in Corre Água district of the municipality of Macapá, Amapá State (Brazil). The study includes morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the new parasite, to determine the relationship of the new species with related myxosporean species. The new species has polysporous plasmodia, which vary in size and shape. The mature myxospores are subspherical shape in valvar view. In the sutural view, the myxospores are 5.3±0.2 (5.2-5.6) μm in length and 7.0±0.7 (6.3-7.7) μm in width, with two piriform polar capsules equal size, 2.5±0.2 (2.3-2.8) μm in length and 1.8±0.2 (1.6-2.0) μm in width. The phylogenetic analyses of a partial sequence of the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the status of the new species and determined the relationship of the new species and related myxosporean species.The sum of the evidence indicates that, Sphaerospora festivus n. sp. belongs to the family Sphaerosporidae, and is the first record of the genus Sphaerospora from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Silva Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPGBioNorte, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Diehgo Tuloza da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários - PPGBAIP, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Igor Hamoy
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Edilson Matos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Carlos Azevedo, Universidade Federal Rural do Amazonas - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Sousa FB, Milanin T, Morandini AC, Espinoza LL, Flores-Gonzales A, Gomes AL, Matoso DA, Mathews PD. Molecular diagnostic based on 18S rDNA and supplemental taxonomic data of the cnidarian coelozoic Ceratomyxa (Cnidaria, Myxosporea) and comments on the intraspecific morphological variation. ZOOSYST EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.97.64769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratomyxa amazonensis is a cnidarian myxosporean originally described with strongly arcuate crescent-shaped myxospores, absence of vegetative stages and infecting Symphysodon discus, an important Amazonian ornamental fish in the aquarium industry. As part of a long-term investigation concerning myxosporeans that infect discus fish Symphysodon spp. from different rivers of the Amazon Basin, thirty specimens of S. discus collected from Unini River were examined. Plasmodial vegetative stages therefrom were found freely floating in the bile of gall bladders from eighteen fish. Mature myxospores were slightly crescent-shaped, measuring 4.72 ± 0.1 (4.52–4.81) μm in length, 24.2 ± 0.4 (23.9–25.3) μm in thickness with polar capsules 2.31 ± 0.1 (2.29–2.33) μm in length and 2.15 ± 0.1 (2.13–2.17) μm in width. Strong morphological differences were observed between the newly isolated myxospores obtained and the previously described C. amazonensis; however, molecular assessment, based on 18S rDNA, revealed a high similarity (99.91%), with only a single nucleotide base change. This study provides new data, expanding the original description of the species with a discussion on differences in myxospore-morphology in the context of intraspecific morphological plasticity.
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Vermaak A, Smit NJ, Kudlai O. Molecular and morphological characterisation of the metacercariae of two species of Cardiocephaloides (Digenea: Strigeidae) infecting endemic South African klipfish (Perciformes: Clinidae). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2021; 68. [PMID: 33847601 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2021.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
South African clinids are a major component of the temperate intertidal regions that are also known to participate in life cycles and transmission of several groups of parasites. However, the knowledge of trematode diversity of these fishes is incomplete. In this study, two species of Clinus Cuvier, the super klipfish Clinus superciliosus (Linnaeus) and the bluntnose klipfish Clinus cottoides Valenciennes, were collected from six localities along the South African coast and examined for the presence of trematodes. Metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides Sudarikov, 1959 were found in the eye vitreous humour and brain of C. superciliosus and in the eye vitreous humour of C. cottoides. Detailed analyses integrating morphological and molecular sequence data (28S rDNA, ITS2 rDNA-region, and COI mtDNA) revealed that these belong to two species, Cardiocephaloides physalis (Lutz, 1926) and an unknown species of Cardiocephaloides. This study provides the first report of clinid fishes serving as intermediate hosts for trematodes, reveals that the diversity of Cardiocephaloides in South Africa is higher than previously recorded, and highlights the need for further research to elucidate the life cycles of these trematode species. The broad geographical distribution of Cardiocephaloides spp. was confirmed in the present study based on molecular sequence data. The host-parasite interactions between clinid fishes and metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides are yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vermaak
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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11
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da Silva MF, de Carvalho AEFB, Hamoy I, Matos ER. Coelozoic parasite of the family Ceratomyxidae (Myxozoa, Bivalvulida) described from motile vermiform plasmodia found in Hemiodus unimaculatus Bloch, 1794. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:871-878. [PMID: 31897794 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myxozoans of the family Ceratomyxidae are common coelozoic parasites of marine, anadromous, and freshwater fish, and may also be found, less frequently, parasitizing the tissue of these hosts. The diversity and ecology of the freshwater species of the genus Ceratomyxa have been poorly investigated, leading to a knowledge gap that restricts the understanding of the distribution and prevalence of this group of parasites. In the present study, parasites were found inside vermiform plasmodia, characterised by oscillatory movements in the characiform species Hemiodus unimaculatus. The crescent-shaped and elongated spores, perpendicular to the suture line, have a mean length of 28.9 ± 2.7 μm and width of 2.6 ± 0.1 μm, with two symmetrical oval polar capsules, 1.9 ± 0.3 μm in length and 1.7 ± 0.2 μm in width, containing polar filaments with three or four coils, located near the central suture, with symmetrical lateral elongations 14.3 ± 1.1 μm in length and binucleate amoeboid sporoplasm. The integrated comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics and partial SSU rRNA sequences supported the identification of a new species of coelozoic Ceratomyxa, found in the gallbladder of H. unimaculatus, from the Tocantins basin, in the municipalities of Estreito and Imperatriz in eastern Brazilian Amazonia.The new species was denominated Ceratomyxa fonsecai n. sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Francisco da Silva
- Postgraduate Programme in the Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents (BAIP), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belem, Brazil
- State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão-UEMASUL, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Hamoy
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics-LGA, Federal Rural University of Amazonia-UFRA, Belem, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edilson R Matos
- Carlos Azevedo Research Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Montese, Belém, Pará, 66077-901, Brazil.
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12
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Sipos D, Ursu K, Dán Á, Herczeg D, Eszterbauer E. Susceptibility-related differences in the quantity of developmental stages of Myxobolus spp. (Myxozoa) in fish blood. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204437. [PMID: 30240456 PMCID: PMC6150660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the early development of two closely related myxozoan parasites, the highly pathogenic Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of the whirling disease in salmonids, and Myxobolus pseudodispar, a common, non-pathogenic parasite of cyprinids. The aim of our study was to examine under in vivo laboratory conditions whether fish blood is involved in the intrapiscine development of the two parasite species and investigate if there is dissimilarity between the parasite infection intensity in blood and if it varies in terms of host susceptibility and parasite pathogenicity. Highly susceptible, less susceptible and non-susceptible hosts were involved. Blood samples were taken 1 day, 1 week and 1 month post exposure to M. cerebralis and M. pseudodispar, respectively. The prevalence and infection intensity was estimated by parasite-specific quantitative real-time PCR. Although previous findings assumed that M. cerebralis might escape from host immune system by migrating via peripheral nerves, our experimental results demonstrated that M. cerebralis is present in blood during the early stage of intrapiscine development. For the non-pathogenic M. pseudodispar, the highest infection prevalence was found in the original host, common roach Rutilus rutilus, whereas the highest infection intensity was detected in rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus, a “dead-end” host of the parasite. The presence of M. pseudodispar developmental stages in the blood of both susceptible and non-susceptible cyprinids suggests that the susceptibility differences remain hidden during the early stage of infection. Our findings supply further evidence that host specificity is not determined during the early, intrapiscine development involving the vascular system. Furthermore, we found remarkable differences in the infection dynamics of the two parasite species examined, possibly due to their distinct pathogenicity or variations in adaptive capabilities to immune components in host blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Sipos
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Ursu
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dán
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Herczeg
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Eszterbauer
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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