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Zemła J, Szydlak R, Gajos K, Kozłowski Ł, Zieliński T, Luty M, Øvreeide IH, Prot VE, Stokke BT, Lekka M. Plasma Treatment of PDMS for Microcontact Printing (μCP) of Lectins Decreases Silicone Transfer and Increases the Adhesion of Bladder Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:51863-51875. [PMID: 37889219 PMCID: PMC10636731 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates silicone transfer occurring during microcontact printing (μCP) of lectins with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps and its impact on the adhesion of cells. Static adhesion assays and single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) are used to compare adhesion of nonmalignant (HCV29) and cancer (HT1376) bladder cells, respectively, to high-affinity lectin layers (PHA-L and WGA, respectively) prepared by physical adsorption and μCP. The chemical composition of the μCP lectin patterns was monitored by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). We show that the amount of transferred silicone in the μCP process depends on the preprocessing of the PDMS stamps. It is revealed that silicone contamination within the patterned lectin layers inhibits the adhesion of bladder cells, and the work of adhesion is lower for μCP lectins than for drop-cast lectins. The binding capacity of microcontact printed lectins was larger when the PDMS stamps were treated with UV ozone plasma as compared to sonication in ethanol and deionized water. ToF-SIMS data show that ozone-based treatment of PDMS stamps used for μCP of lectin reduces the silicone contamination in the imprinting protocol regardless of stamp geometry (flat vs microstructured). The role of other possible contributors, such as the lectin conformation and organization of lectin layers, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zemła
- Institute
of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Szydlak
- Institute
of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gajos
- M.
Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian
University, 30348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kozłowski
- Institute
of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zieliński
- Institute
of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Luty
- Institute
of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ingrid H. Øvreeide
- Biophysics
and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Victorien E. Prot
- Biomechanics,
Department of Structural Engineering, The
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn T. Stokke
- Biophysics
and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Institute
of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
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2
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Wu H, Li Z, Xu Z, Huang X, Guo W, Zhao J, Zhang J, Liu S, Tang M, Qiu Y, Yang G, Zhu J, Liu L, Wu Y, Lei W, Zhou P, Yin Z, Chen Z, Liu Y. On-skin biosensors for noninvasive monitoring of postoperative free flaps and replanted digits. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq1634. [PMID: 37099631 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe soft tissue defects and amputated digits are clinically common injuries. Primary treatments include surgical free flap transfer and digit replantation, but these can fail because of vascular compromise. Postoperative monitoring is therefore crucial for timely detection of vessel obstruction and survival of replanted digits and free flaps. However, current postoperative clinical monitoring methods are labor intensive and highly dependent on the experience of nurses and surgeons. Here, we developed on-skin biosensors for noninvasive and wireless postoperative monitoring based on pulse oximetry. The on-skin biosensor was made of polydimethylsiloxane with gradient cross-linking to create a self-adhesive and mechanically robust substrate that interfaces with skin. The substrate was shown to exhibit appropriate adhesion on one side for both high-fidelity measurements of the sensor and low risk of peeling injury to delicate tissues. The other side demonstrated mechanical integrity to facilitate flexible hybrid integration of the sensor. Validation studies using a model of vascular obstruction in rats demonstrated the effectiveness of the sensor in vivo. Clinical studies indicated that the on-skin biosensor was accurate and more responsive than current clinical monitoring methods in identifying microvascular conditions. Comparisons with existing monitoring techniques, including laser Doppler flowmetry and micro-lightguide spectrophotometry, further verified the sensor's accuracy and ability to identify both arterial and venous insufficiency. These findings suggest that this on-skin biosensor may improve postoperative outcomes in free flap and replanted digit surgeries by providing sensitive and unbiased data directly from the surgical site that can be remotely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Miao Tang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuqi Qiu
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ganguang Yang
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Juntong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zhouping Yin
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yutian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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Akouissi O, Lacour SP, Micera S, DeSimone A. A finite element model of the mechanical interactions between peripheral nerves and intrafascicular implants. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35861557 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac7d0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Intrafascicular peripheral nerve implants are key components in the development of bidirectional neuroprostheses such as touch-enabled bionic limbs for amputees. However, the durability of such interfaces is hindered by the immune response following the implantation. Among the causes linked to such reaction, the mechanical mismatch between host nerve and implant is thought to play a decisive role, especially in chronic settings.Approach.Here we focus on modeling mechanical stresses induced on the peripheral nerve by the implant's micromotion using finite element analysis. Through multiple parametric sweeps, we analyze the role of the implant's material, geometry (aspect-ratio and shape), and surface coating, deriving a set of parameters for the design of better-integrated implants.Main results.Our results indicate that peripheral nerve implants should be designed and manufactured with smooth edges, using materials at most three orders of magnitude stiffer than the nerve, and with innovative geometries to redistribute micromotion-associated loads to less delicate parts of the nerve such as the epineurium.Significance.Overall, our model is a useful tool for the peripheral nerve implant designer that is mindful of the importance of implant mechanics for long term applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outman Akouissi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland.,Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Translational Neural Engineering Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Translational Neural Engineering Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland.,The Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio DeSimone
- The Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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Hu P, Albuquerque FB, Madsen J, Skov AL. Highly stretchable silicone elastomer applied in soft actuators. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100732. [PMID: 35083804 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a highly stretchable silicone elastomer is incorporated into dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) in order to decrease operation voltages by applying high prestretches. Results show that the fabricated DEAs (5-mm-diameter circle active region) can be actuated to a lateral strain of 30% at 4.3 kV for a 122 μm-thick prestretched film, and to a lateral strain of 2.5% at only 250 V for a 6.9 μm-thick prestretched film. Due to the significant viscous component of the silicone elastomer, the DEAs respond more slowly (2-14 s to reach 90% of full strain) and show greater strain changes over time compared to conventional silicone-based DEAs. While this inherent viscosity is not universally favorable, it can be advantageous in applications where actuator damping is desirable. The studied DEAs' mean lifetimes under DC actuation range significantly-from 0.9 h to more than 123.0 h-depending mainly on initial electrical fields (17.8-36.3 V/μm). For instance, DEAs with a 150 μm initial thickness and a prestretch ratio of 3 show 1.4-2.6% lateral strains for the mean lifetime (123.0 h) at only 300 V. Given the strains achieved at low voltage, such DEAs show promise for applications that do not require fast response speeds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Fabio Beco Albuquerque
- Soft Transducers Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Anne Ladegaard Skov
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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5
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Hu P, Madsen J, Skov AL. One reaction to make highly stretchable or extremely soft silicone elastomers from easily available materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:370. [PMID: 35042874 PMCID: PMC8766581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly stretchable, soft silicone elastomers are of great interest for the fabrication of stretchable, soft devices. However, there is a lack of available chemistries capable of efficiently preparing silicone elastomers with superior stretchability and softness. Here we show an easy curing reaction to prepare silicone elastomers, in which a platinum-catalyzed reaction of telechelic/multi-hydrosilane (Si-H) functional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in the presence of oxygen and water leads to slow crosslinking. This curing chemistry allows versatile tailoring of elastomer properties, which exceed their intrinsic limitations. Specifically, both highly stretchable silicone elastomers (maximum strain of 2800%) and extremely soft silicone elastomers (lowest shear modulus of 1.2 kPa) are prepared by creating highly entangled elastomers and bottle-brush elastomers from commercial precursor polymers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Hu
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads, Building 227, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads, Building 227, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Ladegaard Skov
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads, Building 227, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Kumari M, Prasad S, Fruk L, Parshad B. Polyglycerol-based hydrogels and nanogels: from synthesis to applications. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:419-438. [PMID: 33403867 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels and nanogels have emerged as promising materials for biomedical applications owing to their large surface area and tunable mechanical and chemical properties. Their large surface area is well suited for bioconjugation, whilst the interior porous network can be utilized for the transport of valuable biomolecules. The use of biocompatible hydrophilic building blocks/linkers for the preparation of hydrogels and nanogels not only avoids undesired side effects within the biological system, but also retains high water content, thereby creating an environment which is very similar to extracellular matrix. Their tunable multivalency and hydrophilicity and excellent biocompatibility, together with ease of functionalization, makes polyglycerol macromonomers well suited for synthesizing cross-linked networks that can be used as extracellular matrix mimics. Here we provide an overview of the synthesis of polyglycerol-based hydrogels and nanogels for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women, Badhra, Ch. Dadri, Haryana 127308, India
| | - Suchita Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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7
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Missirlis D, Haraszti T, Heckmann L, Spatz JP. Substrate Resistance to Traction Forces Controls Fibroblast Polarization. Biophys J 2020; 119:2558-2572. [PMID: 33217384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanics of fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix regulate cell physiology in a number of diseases, prompting efforts to elucidate cell mechanosensing mechanisms at the molecular and cellular scale. Here, the use of fibronectin-functionalized silicone elastomers that exhibit considerable frequency dependence in viscoelastic properties unveiled the presence of two cellular processes that respond discreetly to substrate mechanical properties. Weakly cross-linked elastomers supported efficient focal adhesion maturation and fibroblast spreading because of an apparent stiff surface layer. However, they did not enable cytoskeletal and fibroblast polarization; elastomers with high cross-linking and low deformability were required for polarization. Our results suggest as an underlying reason for this behavior the inability of soft elastomer substrates to resist traction forces rather than a lack of sufficient traction force generation. Accordingly, mild inhibition of actomyosin contractility rescued fibroblast polarization even on the softer elastomers. Our findings demonstrate differential dependence of substrate physical properties on distinct mechanosensitive processes and provide a premise to reconcile previously proposed local and global models of cell mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Missirlis
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Heckmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Hu P, Madsen J, Huang Q, Skov AL. Elastomers without Covalent Cross-Linking: Concatenated Rings Giving Rise to Elasticity. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1458-1463. [PMID: 35653663 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is intense interest in making mechanically stable elastomers with properties resembling those of human muscles for use in soft robotics. Recently, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer prepared without the use of cross-linking moieties from heterobifunctional PDMS macromonomers of intermediate molecular weight has been shown to exhibit surprising inherent softness and excellent stability upon both large deformation and swelling, in clear contradiction of classical rubber elasticity theories. In this work, this unexpected elasticity is shown to originate from concatenated rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads 227, Kgs., Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads 227, Kgs., Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads 227, Kgs., Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Anne Ladegaard Skov
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads 227, Kgs., Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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9
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3D Printed Silicone Meniscus Implants: Influence of the 3D Printing Process on Properties of Silicone Implants. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092136. [PMID: 32962059 PMCID: PMC7570003 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis of the knee with meniscal pathologies is a severe meniscal pathology suffered by the aging population worldwide. However, conventional meniscal substitutes are not 3D-printable and lack the customizability of 3D printed implants and are not mechanically robust enough for human implantation. Similarly, 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds suffer from drawbacks of being mechanically weak and as a result patients are unable to execute immediate post-surgical weight-bearing ambulation and rehabilitation. To solve this problem, we have developed a 3D silicone meniscus implant which is (1) cytocompatible, (2) resistant to cyclic loading and mechanically similar to native meniscus, and (3) directly 3D printable. The main focus of this study is to determine whether the purity, composition, structure, dimensions and mechanical properties of silicone implants are affected by the use of a custom-made in-house 3D-printer. We have used the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) absorption test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, surface profilometry, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to effectively assess and compare material properties between molded and 3D printed silicone samples.
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10
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Comelles J, Fernández-Majada V, Berlanga-Navarro N, Acevedo V, Paszkowska K, Martínez E. Microfabrication of poly(acrylamide) hydrogels with independently controlled topography and stiffness. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025023. [PMID: 32050182 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The stiffness and topography of a cell's extracellular matrix (ECM) are physical cues that play a key role in regulating processes that determine cellular fate and function. While substrate stiffness can dictate cell differentiation lineage, migration, and self-organization, topographical features can change the cell's differentiation profile or migration ability. Although both physical cues are present and intrinsic to the native tissues in vivo, in vitro studies have been hampered by the lack of technological set-ups that would be compatible with cell culture and characterization. In vitro studies therefore either focused on screening stiffness effects in cells cultured on flat substrates or on determining topography effects in cells cultured onto hard materials. Here, we present a reliable, microfabrication method to obtain well defined topographical structures of micrometer size (5-10 μm) on soft polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical stiffness (3-145 kPa) that closely mimic the in vivo situation. Topographically microstructured polyacrylamide hydrogels are polymerized by capillary force lithography using flexible materials as molds. The topographical microstructures are resistant to swelling, can be conformally functionalized by ECM proteins and sustain the growth of cell lines (fibroblasts and myoblasts) and primary cells (mouse intestinal epithelial cells). Our method can independently control stiffness and topography, which allows to individually assess the contribution of each physical cue to cell response or to explore potential synergistic effects. We anticipate that our fabrication method will be of great utility in tissue engineering and biophysics, especially for applications where the use of complex in vivo-like environments is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Comelles
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri Reixac 10-12, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Tugui C, Tiron V, Dascalu M, Sacarescu L, Cazacu M. From ultra-high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane to super-soft elastomer. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Randriantsilefisoa R, Cuellar-Camacho JL, Chowdhury MS, Dey P, Schedler U, Haag R. Highly sensitive detection of antibodies in a soft bioactive three-dimensional bioorthogonal hydrogel. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This three-dimensional detection method of antibodies offers a high sensitivity and good biomolecule stability for new biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pradip Dey
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Takustr. 3
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Uwe Schedler
- PolyAn GmbH
- Rudolf-Baschant-Strasse 2
- 13086 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Takustr. 3
- Berlin
- Germany
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