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Deng W, Chen F, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Guo M. Anti-hepatitis B virus activities of natural products and their antiviral mechanisms. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:803-811. [PMID: 38035936 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) continue to pose a significant global public health challenge. Currently, the approved treatments for CHB are limited to interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogs, both of which have their limitations, and achieving a complete cure remains an elusive goal. Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development of novel antiviral strategies are of utmost importance. Natural products (NPs) constitute a class of substances known for their diverse chemical structures, wide-ranging biological activities, and low toxicity profiles. They have shown promise as potential candidates for combating various diseases, with a substantial number demonstrating anti-HBV properties. This comprehensive review focuses on the current applications of NPs in the fight against HBV and provides a summary of their antiviral mechanisms, considering their impact on the viral life cycle and host hepatocytes. By offering insights into the world of anti-HBV NPs, this review aims to furnish valuable information to support the future development of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Deng
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science&Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518110, China; Liver-biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science&Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Elizalde MM, Giadans CG, Campos RH, Flichman DM. Impact of core protein naturally selected mutants associated with HBeAg-negative status in HBV biosynthesis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29195. [PMID: 37881005 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss represents a late stage of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with a drastic decrease in HBV-DNA, a lower risk of disease progression, and the occurrence of several mutations in the preCore/core region. However, the underlying mechanisms supporting the downregulation of viral replication have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the analysis of the frequency of subgenotype D1 core protein (HBc) mutations associated with HBeAg status revealed a higher mutation rate in HBeAg-negative sequences compared to HBeAg-positive ones. Particularly, 22 amino acids exhibited a higher frequency of mutation in HBeAg-negative sequences, while the remaining residues showed a high degree of conservation. Subsequently, the assessment of HBc mutants derived from HBeAg-negative patients in viral structure and replicative capacity revealed that HBc mutations have the ability to modulate the subcellular localization of the protein (either when the protein was expressed alone or in the context of viral replication), capsid assembly, and, depending on specific mutation patterns, alter covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) recycling and up- or downregulate viral replication. In conclusion, HBc mutations associated with HBeAg-negative status impact on various stages of the HBV life cycle modulating viral replication during the HBeAg-negative stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Elizalde
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Graciela Giadans
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Héctor Campos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Martín Flichman
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhang Q, Cao S, Qiu F, Kang N. Incomplete autophagy: Trouble is a friend. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1545-1587. [PMID: 35275411 DOI: 10.1002/med.21884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete autophagy is an impaired self-eating process of intracellular macromolecules and organelles in which accumulated autophagosomes do not fuse with lysosomes for degradation, resulting in the blockage of autophagic flux. In this review, we summarized the literature over the past decade describing incomplete autophagy, and found that different from the double-edged sword effect of general autophagy on promoting cell survival or death, incomplete autophagy plays a crucial role in disrupting cellular homeostasis, and promotes only cell death. What matters is that incomplete autophagy is closely relevant to the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases, which, meanwhile, intimately linking to the pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of several compounds. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the latest progress of incomplete autophagy on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Moreover, implications of incomplete autophagy for pharmacotherapy are also discussed, which has great relevance for our understanding of the distinctive role of incomplete autophagy in cellular physiology and disease. Consequently, targeting incomplete autophagy may contribute to the development of novel generation therapeutic agents for diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Chen X, Hu Y, Zhang W, Chen K, Hu J, Li X, Liang L, Cai X, Hu J, Wang K, Huang A, Tang N. Cisplatin induces autophagy to enhance hepatitis B virus replication via activation of ROS/JNK and inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:225-236. [PMID: 30550853 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious global health concern. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat various cancers. However, HBV-infected patients receiving chemotherapy are at risk of HBV reactivation via unknown mechanisms, which we aimed to elucidate in this study. We found that autophagy plays a central role in cisplatin-induced HBV replication. Cisplatin treatment induced autophagy in both HBV-replicating cells and an HBV-transgenic mouse model as evident from marked upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and the accumulation of red fluorescent protein (RFP)-LC3 puncta. Cisplatin induced complete autophagic flux, which was detected via monitoring of p62 degradation and RFP-GFP-LC3 expression. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, or Atg5 knockdown significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced HBV replication. Additionally, cisplatin-induced autophagy could be significantly attenuated by using the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Mechanically, cisplatin promoted HBV replication and autophagy through ROS/JNK and AKT/mTOR signaling. Inhibition of JNK or activation of Akt/mTOR signaling reversed cisplatin-mediated autophagy and HBV replication promotion. In contrast, suppression of Akt/mTOR signaling further promoted cisplatin-induced HBV replication. Finally, pharmacotherapeutic inhibition of autophagy or ROS production impaired HBV production induced by cisplatin in vivo. Together, our results indicate that ROS/JNK and mTOR/AKT-mediated autophagy plays an important role in cisplatin-induced HBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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