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Wang X, Jiang Y, Sun Y. Revealing genomic heterogeneity and commonality: A penalized integrative analysis approach accounting for the adjacency structure of measurements. Genet Epidemiol 2024; 48:114-140. [PMID: 38317326 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in high-throughput genomic technologies have revolutionized the field of disease biomarker identification by providing large-scale genomic data. There is an increasing focus on understanding the relationships among diverse patient groups with distinct disease subtypes and characteristics. Complex diseases exhibit both heterogeneity and shared genomic factors, making it essential to investigate these patterns to accurately detect markers and comprehensively understand the diseases. Integrative analysis has emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge. However, existing studies have been limited by ignoring the adjacency structure of genomic measurements, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and DNA methylations. In this study, we propose a structured integrative analysis method that incorporates a spline type penalty to accommodate this adjacency structure. We utilize a fused lasso type penalty to identify both heterogeneity and commonality across the groups. Extensive simulations demonstrate its superiority compared to several direct competing methods. The analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas melanoma data with DNA methylation measurements and GENEVA diabetes data with SNP measurements exhibit that the proposed analysis lead to meaningful findings with better prediction performance and higher selection stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Wang
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yifan Sun
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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2
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Ren J, Liu J, Zhang J, Hu X, Cui Y, Wei X, Ma Y, Li X, Zhao Y. Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Binding Partners MiD49 and MiD51 Increased Mitochondrial Fission In Vitro and Atherosclerosis in High-Fat-Diet-Fed ApoE -/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:244. [PMID: 38203413 PMCID: PMC10778634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel components of the mitochondrial fission machinery, mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa (MiD49) and 51 kDa (MiD51), have been recently described, and their potential therapeutic targets for treating cardiovascular disease have been shown, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), anthracycline cardiomyopathy and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we examined the role of MiD49 and MiD51 in atherosclerosis. MiD49/51 expression was increased in the aortic valve endothelial cells (ECs) of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice and IL-8-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which accelerated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission. Silencing MiD49/51 reduced atherosclerotic plaque size, increased collagen content, and decreased the IL-8-induced adhesion and proliferation of HUVECs. MiD51 upregulation resulted from decreased microRNA (miR)-107 expression and increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) expression. Treatment with miR-107 mimics decreased atherosclerotic plaque size by reducing HIF-1α and MiD51 production. Both MiD49 and MiD51 were involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation through Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, and the involvement of MiD51 in this process was the result of decreased miR-107 expression and increased HIF-1α expression. The miR-107-HIF-1α-MiD51 pathway might provide new therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Ren
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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3
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Geng Y, Hu Y, Zhang F, Tuo Y, Ge R, Bai Z. Mitochondria in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, roles and the potential targets. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1239643. [PMID: 37645564 PMCID: PMC10461481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1239643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the centrol hub for cellular energy metabolisms. They regulate fuel metabolism by oxygen levels, participate in physiological signaling pathways, and act as oxygen sensors. Once oxygen deprived, the fuel utilizations can be switched from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis for ATP production. Notably, mitochondria can also adapt to hypoxia by making various functional and phenotypes changes to meet the demanding of oxygen levels. Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening disease, but its exact pathgenesis mechanism is still unclear and there is no effective treatment available until now. Ample of evidence indicated that mitochondria play key factor in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. By hypoxia-inducible factors, multiple cells sense and transmit hypoxia signals, which then control the expression of various metabolic genes. This activation of hypoxia-inducible factors considered associations with crosstalk between hypoxia and altered mitochondrial metabolism, which plays an important role in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of how hypoxia affects mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial biosynthesis, reactive oxygen homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics, to explore the potential of improving mitochondrial function as a strategy for treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Geng
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai Provincial Traffic Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yajun Tuo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Zhao Q, Sun X, Zheng C, Xue C, Jin Y, Zhou N, Sun S. The evolutionarily conserved hif-1/bnip3 pathway promotes mitophagy and mitochondrial fission in crustacean testes during hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R128-R142. [PMID: 36468826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00212.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) cascade is an ancient and strongly evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that is involved in the hypoxic responses of most metazoans. Despite immense advances in the understanding of the HIF-1-mediated regulation of hypoxic responses in mammals, the contribution of the hif-1 cascade in the hypoxic adaptation of nonmodel invertebrates remains unclear. In this study, we used the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense for investigating the roles of hif-1-regulated mitophagy in crustacean testes under hypoxic conditions. We identified that the Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein (bnip3) functions as a regulator of mitophagy in M. nipponense and demonstrated that hif-1α activates bnip3 by binding to the bnip3 promoter. Hif-1α knockdown suppressed the expression of multiple mitophagy-related genes, and prawns with hif-1α knockdown exhibited higher mortality under hypoxic conditions. We observed that the levels of BNIP3 were induced under hypoxic conditions and detected that bnip3 knockdown inhibited the mitochondrial translocation of dynamin-related protein 1 (drp1), which is associated with mitochondrial fission. Notably, bnip3 knockdown inhibited hypoxia-induced mitophagy and aggravated the deleterious effects of hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. The experimental studies demonstrated that hypoxia induced mitochondrial fission in M. nipponense via drp1. Altogether, the study elucidated the mechanism underlying hif-1/bnip3-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitophagy and demonstrated that this pathway protects crustaceans against ROS production and apoptosis induced by acute hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Noncanonical PDK4 action alters mitochondrial dynamics to affect the cellular respiratory status. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120157119. [PMID: 35969774 PMCID: PMC9407676 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120157119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial morphology provides cells with the flexibility required to adapt and respond to electron transport chain (ETC) toxins and mitochondrial DNA-linked disease mutations, yet the mechanisms underpinning the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics machinery by these stimuli is poorly understood. Here, we show that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is genetically required for cells to undergo rapid mitochondrial fragmentation when challenged with ETC toxins. Moreover, PDK4 overexpression was sufficient to promote mitochondrial fission even in the absence of mitochondrial stress. Importantly, we observed that the PDK4-mediated regulation of mitochondrial fission was independent of its canonical function, i.e., inhibitory phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Phosphoproteomic screen for PDK4 substrates, followed by nonphosphorylatable and phosphomimetic mutations of the PDK4 site revealed cytoplasmic GTPase, Septin 2 (SEPT2), as the key effector molecule that acts as a receptor for DRP1 in the outer mitochondrial membrane to promote mitochondrial fission. Conversely, inhibition of the PDK4-SEPT2 axis could restore the balance in mitochondrial dynamics and reinvigorates cellular respiration in mitochondrial fusion factor, mitofusin 2-deficient cells. Furthermore, PDK4-mediated mitochondrial reshaping limits mitochondrial bioenergetics and supports cancer cell growth. Our results identify the PDK4-SEPT2-DRP1 axis as a regulator of mitochondrial function at the interface between cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics.
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Ilegems E, Bryzgalova G, Correia J, Yesildag B, Berra E, Ruas JL, Pereira TS, Berggren PO. HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 preserves pancreatic β cell function in diabetes. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eaba9112. [PMID: 35353540 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba9112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During progression of type 2 diabetes, pancreatic β cells are subjected to sustained metabolic overload. We postulated that this state mediates a hypoxic phenotype driven by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and that treatment with the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 would improve β cell function. Our studies showed that the HIF-1α protein was present in pancreatic β cells of diabetic mouse models. In mouse islets with high glucose metabolism, the emergence of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations at low glucose concentration and the abnormally high basal release of insulin were suppressed by treatment with the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478, indicating improvement of β cell function. Treatment of db/db mice with PX-478 prevented the rise of glycemia and diabetes progression by maintenance of elevated plasma insulin concentration. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, PX-478 improved the recovery of glucose homeostasis. Islets isolated from these mice showed hallmarks of improved β cell function including elevation of insulin content, increased expression of genes involved in β cell function and maturity, inhibition of dedifferentiation markers, and formation of mature insulin granules. In response to PX-478 treatment, human islet organoids chronically exposed to high glucose presented improved stimulation index of glucose-induced insulin secretion. These results suggest that the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 has the potential to act as an antidiabetic therapeutic agent that preserves β cell function under metabolic overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Ilegems
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Galyna Bryzgalova
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge Correia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Edurne Berra
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa S Pereira
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 308232 Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, BT52 1SA Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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7
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Wen Y, Li S, Zhao F, Wang J, Liu X, Hu J, Bao G, Luo Y. Changes in the Mitochondrial Dynamics and Functions Together with the mRNA/miRNA Network in the Heart Tissue Contribute to Hypoxia Adaptation in Tibetan Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050583. [PMID: 35268153 PMCID: PMC8909807 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide insights into molecular regulation and mitochondrial functionality under hypoxia by exploring the mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia, blood indexes, tissue morphology, mRNA/miRNA regulation, mitochondrial dynamics, and functional changes in Tibetan sheep raised at different altitudes. With regard to blood indexes and myocardial morphology, the HGB, HCT, CK, CK-MB, LDH, LDH1, SOD, GPX, LDL level, and myocardial capillary density were significantly increased in the sheep at higher altitudes (p < 0.05). The RNA-seq results suggested the DEmRNAs and DEmiRNAs are mainly associated with the PI3K-Akt, Wnt, and PPAR signaling pathways and with an upregulation of oncogenes (CCKBR, GSTT1, ARID5B) and tumor suppressor factors (TPT1, EXTL1, ITPRIP) to enhance the cellular metabolism and increased ATP production. Analyzing mRNA−miRNA coregulation indicated the mitochondrial dynamics and functions to be significantly enriched. By analyzing mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial fusion was shown to be significantly increased and fission significantly decreased in the heart with increasing altitude (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the density of the mitochondria, and a significant decrease in the average area, aspect ratio, number, and width of single mitochondrial cristae with increasing altitudes (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the NADH, NAD+ and ATP content, NADH/NAD+ ratio, and CO activity, while there was a significant decrease in SDH and CA activity in various tissues with increasing altitudes (p < 0.05). Accordingly, changes in the blood indexes and myocardial morphology of the Tibetan sheep were found to improve the efficiency of hemoglobin-carrying oxygen and reduce oxidative stress. The high expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor factors might facilitate cell division and energy exchange, as was evident from enhanced mitochondrial fission and OXPHOS expression; however, it reduced the fusion and TCA cycle for the further rapid production of ATP in adaptation to hypoxia stress. This systematic study has for the first time delineated the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation in the heart of Tibetan sheep, which is significant for improving the ability of the mammals to adapt to hypoxia and for studying the dynamic regulation of mitochondria during hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaobin Li
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-931-763-1870 (S.L. & Y.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuzhu Luo
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-931-763-1870 (S.L. & Y.L.)
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8
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Li X, Jiang B, Zou Y, Zhang J, Fu YY, Zhai XY. Roxadustat (FG-4592) Facilitates Recovery From Renal Damage by Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Folic Acid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:788977. [PMID: 35280255 PMCID: PMC8915431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.788977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Incomplete recovery from acute kidney injury induced by folic acid is a major risk factor for progression to chronic kidney disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been considered a crucial contributor to maladaptive repair in acute kidney injury. Treatment with FG-4592, an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase, is emerging as a new approach to attenuate renal damage; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The current research demonstrated the protective effect of FG-4592 against renal dysfunction and histopathological damage on the 7th day after FA administration. FG-4592 accelerated tubular repair by promoting tubular cell regeneration, as indicated by increased proliferation of cell nuclear antigen-positive tubular cells, and facilitated structural integrity, as reflected by up-regulation of the epithelial inter-cellular tight junction molecule occludin-1 and the adherens junction molecule E-cadherin. Furthermore, FG-4592 ameliorated tubular functional recovery by restoring the function-related proteins aquaporin1, aquaporin2, and sodium chloride cotransporter. Specifically, FG-4592 pretreatment inhibited hypoxia inducible factor-1α activation on the 7th day after folic acid injection, which ameliorated ultrastructural abnormalities, promoted ATP production, and attenuated excessive reactive oxygen species production both in renal tissue and mitochondria. This was mainly mediated by balancing of mitochondrial dynamics, as indicated by down-regulation of mitochondrial fission 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 as well as up-regulation of mitofusin 1 and optic atrophy 1. Moreover, FG-4592 pretreatment attenuated renal tubular epithelial cell death, kidney inflammation, and subsequent interstitial fibrosis. In vitro, TNF-α-induced HK-2 cells injury could be ameliorated by FG-4592 pretreatment. In summary, our findings support the protective effect of FG-4592 against folic acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction; therefore, FG-4592 treatment can be used as a useful strategy to facilitate tubular repair and mitigate acute kidney injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Nephropathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yue Zhai,
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Wang S, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang Q. Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy, and Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Crosstalk Under Hypoxia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:848214. [PMID: 35281107 PMCID: PMC8914053 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.848214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane organelles within eukaryotic cells, which act as cellular power houses, depending on the continuous availability of oxygen. Nevertheless, under hypoxia, metabolic disorders disturb the steady-state of mitochondrial network, which leads to dysfunction of mitochondria, producing a large amount of reactive oxygen species that cause further damage to cells. Compelling evidence suggests that the dysfunction of mitochondria under hypoxia is linked to a wide spectrum of human diseases, including obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. The functional dichotomy of mitochondria instructs the necessity of a quality-control mechanism to ensure a requisite number of functional mitochondria that are present to fit cell needs. Mitochondrial dynamics plays a central role in monitoring the condition of mitochondrial quality. The fission–fusion cycle is regulated to attain a dynamic equilibrium under normal conditions, however, it is disrupted under hypoxia, resulting in mitochondrial fission and selective removal of impaired mitochondria by mitophagy. Current researches suggest that the molecular machinery underlying these well-orchestrated processes are coordinated at mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Here, we establish a holistic understanding of how mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are regulated at mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum contact sites under hypoxia.
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10
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Dichotomy in hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission in placental mesenchymal cells during development and preeclampsia: consequences for trophoblast mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:191. [PMID: 35220394 PMCID: PMC8882188 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDynamic changes in physiologic oxygen are required for proper placenta development; yet, when low-oxygen levels persist, placental development is halted, culminating in preeclampsia (PE), a serious complication of pregnancy. Considering mitochondria’s function is intimately linked to oxygen changes, we investigated the impact of oxygen on mitochondrial dynamics in placental mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) that are vital for proper placental development. Transmission electron microscopy, proximity ligation assays for mitochondrial VDAC1 and endoplasmic reticulum IP3R, and immunoanalyses of p-DRP1 and OPA1, demonstrate that low-oxygen conditions in early 1st trimester and PE promote mitochondrial fission in pMSCs. Increased mitochondrial fission of mesenchymal cells was confirmed in whole PE placental tissue sections. Inhibition of DRP1 oligomerization with MDiVi-1 shows that low oxygen-induced mitochondrial fission is a direct consequence of DRP1 activation, likely via HIF1. Mitophagy, a downstream event prompted by mitochondrial fission, is a prominent outcome in PE, but not 1st trimester pMSCs. We also investigated whether mesenchymal–epithelial interactions affect mitochondrial dynamics of trophoblasts in PE placentae. Exposure of trophoblastic JEG3 cells to exosomes of preeclamptic pMSCs caused heightened mitochondrial fission in the cells via a sphingomyelin-dependent mechanism that was restored by MDiVi-1. Our data uncovered dichotomous regulation of mitochondrial fission and health in human placental mesenchymal cells under physiologic and pathologic hypoxic conditions and its impact on neighboring trophoblast cells.
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Duan C, Kuang L, Hong C, Xiang X, Liu J, Li Q, Peng X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Liu L, Li T. Mitochondrial Drp1 recognizes and induces excessive mPTP opening after hypoxia through BAX-PiC and LRRK2-HK2. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1050. [PMID: 34741026 PMCID: PMC8571301 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial mass imbalance is one of the key causes of cardiovascular dysfunction after hypoxia. The activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), as well as its mitochondrial translocation, play important roles in the changes of both mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial functions after hypoxia. However, in addition to mediating mitochondrial fission, whether Drp1 has other regulatory roles in mitochondrial homeostasis after mitochondrial translocation is unknown. In this study, we performed a series of interaction and colocalization assays and found that, after mitochondrial translocation, Drp1 may promote the excessive opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) after hypoxia. Firstly, mitochondrial Drp1 maximumly recognizes mPTP channels by binding Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and a phosphate carrier protein (PiC) in the mPTP. Then, leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (LRRK2) is recruited, whose kinase activity is inhibited by direct binding with mitochondrial Drp1 after hypoxia. Subsequently, the mPTP-related protein hexokinase 2 (HK2) is inactivated at Thr-473 and dissociates from the mitochondrial membrane, ultimately causing structural disruption and overopening of mPTP, which aggravates mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction after hypoxia. Thus, our study interprets the dual direct regulation of mitochondrial Drp1 on mitochondrial morphology and functions after hypoxia and proposes a new mitochondrial fission-independent mechanism for the role of Drp1 after its translocation in hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xinming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jiancang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanqun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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12
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Yin Y, Shen H. Advances in Cardiotoxicity Induced by Altered Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:739095. [PMID: 34616789 PMCID: PMC8488107 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.739095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the most abundant organelles in cardiac cells, and are essential to maintain the normal cardiac function, which requires mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy to ensure the stability of mitochondrial quantity and quality. When mitochondria are affected by continuous injury factors, the balance between mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy is broken. Aging and damaged mitochondria cannot be completely removed in cardiac cells, resulting in energy supply disorder and accumulation of toxic substances in cardiac cells, resulting in cardiac damage and cardiotoxicity. This paper summarizes the specific underlying mechanisms by which various adverse factors interfere with mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy to produce cardiotoxicity and emphasizes the crucial role of oxidative stress in mitophagy. This review aims to provide fresh ideas for the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by altered mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Kattner N, Dyson N, Bury Y, Tiniakos D, White K, Davey T, Eliasson L, Tindale L, Wagner BE, Honkanen-Scott M, Doyle J, Ploeg RJ, Shaw JA, Scott WE. Development and validation of a quantitative electron microscopy score to assess acute cellular stress in the human exocrine pancreas. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 7:173-187. [PMID: 33225596 PMCID: PMC7869933 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is particularly sensitive to acute cellular stress, but this has been difficult to evaluate using light microscopy. Pancreatic ischaemia associated with deceased organ donation negatively impacts whole‐organ and isolated‐islet transplantation outcomes. Post‐mortem changes have also hampered accurate interpretation of ante‐mortem pancreatic pathology. A rigorous histological scoring system accurately quantifying ischaemia is required to experimentally evaluate innovations in organ preservation and to increase rigour in clinical/research evaluation of underlying pancreatic pathology. We developed and validated an unbiased electron microscopy (EM) score of acute pancreatic exocrine cellular stress in deceased organ donor cohorts (development [n = 28] and validation [n = 16]). Standardised assessment led to clearly described numerical scores (0–3) for nuclear, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology and intracellular vacuolisation; with a maximum (worst) aggregate total score of 12. In the Validation cohort, a trend towards higher scores was observed for tail versus head regions (nucleus score following donation after brainstem death [DBD]: head 0.67 ± 0.19; tail 0.86 ± 0.11; p = 0.027) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) versus DBD (mitochondrial score: DCD (head + tail) 2.59 ± 0.16; DBD (head + tail) 2.38 ± 0.21; p = 0.004). Significant mitochondrial changes were seen ubiquitously even with short cold ischaemia, whereas nuclear and vacuolisation changes remained mild even after prolonged ischaemia. ER score correlated with cold ischaemia time (CIT) following DBD (pancreatic tail region: r = 0.796; p = 0.018). No relationships between CIT and EM scores were observed following DCD. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a novel EM score providing standardised quantitative assessment of subcellular ultrastructural morphology in pancreatic acinar cells. This provides a robust novel tool for gold standard measurement of acute cellular stress in studies evaluating surrogate measures of peri‐transplant ischaemia, organ preservation technologies and in samples obtained for detailed pathological examination of underlying pancreatic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kattner
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola Dyson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yvonne Bury
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kathryn White
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tracey Davey
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lynn Tindale
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bart E Wagner
- Histopathology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Minna Honkanen-Scott
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jennifer Doyle
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rutger J Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Science, University of Oxford, BRC Oxford and NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
| | - James Am Shaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - William E Scott
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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14
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Audano M, Pedretti S, Ligorio S, Crestani M, Caruso D, De Fabiani E, Mitro N. "The Loss of Golden Touch": Mitochondria-Organelle Interactions, Metabolism, and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112519. [PMID: 33233365 PMCID: PMC7700504 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria represent the energy hub of cells and their function is under the constant influence of their tethering with other subcellular organelles. Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, peroxisomes, and nucleus in several ways, ranging from signal transduction, vesicle transport, and membrane contact sites, to regulate energy metabolism, biosynthetic processes, apoptosis, and cell turnover. Tumorigenesis is often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which could likely be the result of an altered interaction with different cell organelles or structures. The purpose of the present review is to provide an updated overview of the links between inter-organellar communications and interactions and metabolism in cancer cells, with a focus on mitochondria. The very recent publication of several reviews on these aspects testifies the great interest in the area. Here, we aim at (1) summarizing recent evidence supporting that the metabolic rewiring and adaptation observed in tumors deeply affect organelle dynamics and cellular functions and vice versa; (2) discussing insights on the underlying mechanisms, when available; and (3) critically presenting the gaps in the field that need to be filled, for a comprehensive understanding of tumor cells’ biology. Chemo-resistance and druggable vulnerabilities of cancer cells related to the aspects mentioned above is also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emma De Fabiani
- Correspondence: (E.D.F.); (N.M.); Tel.: +39-02-503-18329 (E.D.F.); +39-02-503-18253 (N.M.)
| | - Nico Mitro
- Correspondence: (E.D.F.); (N.M.); Tel.: +39-02-503-18329 (E.D.F.); +39-02-503-18253 (N.M.)
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15
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Bacigalupa ZA, Rathmell WK. Beyond glycolysis: Hypoxia signaling as a master regulator of alternative metabolic pathways and the implications in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:19-28. [PMID: 32512023 PMCID: PMC7429250 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between kidney cancer, specifically clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and the hypoxia signaling program has been extensively characterized. Its underlying role as the primary driver of the disease has led to the development of the most effective targeted therapies to date. Cellular responses to hypoxia or mutations affecting the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene stabilize the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors which then orchestrate elaborate downstream signaling events resulting in adaptations to key biological processes, such as reprogramming metabolism. The direct link of hypoxia signaling to glucose uptake and glycolysis has long been appreciated; however, the HIF family of proteins directly regulate many downstream targets, including other transcription factors with their own extensive networks. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of how hypoxia signaling regulates other metabolic pathways and how this contributes to the development and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Bacigalupa
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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16
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Fakih W, Mroueh A, Salah H, Eid AH, Obeid M, Kobeissy F, Darwish H, El-Yazbi AF. Dysfunctional cerebrovascular tone contributes to cognitive impairment in a non-obese rat model of prediabetic challenge: Role of suppression of autophagy and modulation by anti-diabetic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Madhu V, Boneski PK, Silagi E, Qiu Y, Kurland I, Guntur AR, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Hypoxic Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Mitophagy in Nucleus Pulposus Cells Is Dependent on HIF-1α-BNIP3 Axis. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1504-1524. [PMID: 32251541 PMCID: PMC7778522 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells reside in an avascular and hypoxic microenvironment of the intervertebral disc and are predominantly glycolytic due to robust HIF-1 activity. It is generally thought that NP cells contain few functional mitochondria compared with cells that rely on oxidative metabolism. Consequently, the contribution of mitochondria to NP cell metabolism and the role of hypoxia and HIF-1 in mitochondrial homeostasis is poorly understood. Using mitoQC reporter mice, we show for the first time to our knowledge that NP cell mitochondria undergo age-dependent mitophagy in vivo. Mechanistically, in vitro studies suggest that, under hypoxic conditions, mitochondria in primary NP cells undergo HIF-1α-dependent fragmentation, controlled by modulating the levels of key proteins DRP1 and OPA1 that are involved in mitochondrial fission and fusion, respectively. Seahorse assays and steady state metabolic profiling coupled with [1-2-13 C]-glucose flux analysis revealed that in hypoxia, HIF-1α regulated metabolic flux through coordinating glycolysis and the mitochondrial TCA cycle interactions, thereby controlling the overall biosynthetic capacity of NP cells. We further show that hypoxia and HIF-1α trigger mitophagy in NP cells through the mitochondrial translocation of BNIP3, an inducer of receptor-mediated mitophagy. Surprisingly, however, loss of HIF-1α in vitro and analysis of NP-specific HIF-1α null mice do not show a decrease in mitophagic flux in NP cells but a compensatory increase in NIX and PINK1-Parkin pathways with higher mitochondrial number. Taken together, our studies provide novel mechanistic insights into the complex interplay between hypoxia and HIF-1α signaling on the mitochondrial metabolism and quality control in NP cells. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedavathi Madhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paige K Boneski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Silagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Irwin Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Yan X, Qu X, Tian R, Xu L, Jin X, Yu S, Zhao Y, Ma J, Liu Y, Sun L, Su J. Hypoxia-induced NAD + interventions promote tumor survival and metastasis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Life Sci 2020; 259:118171. [PMID: 32738362 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, an important feature of the tumor microenvironment, is responsible for the chemo-resistance and metastasis of malignant solid tumors. Recent studies indicated that mitochondria undergo morphological transitions as an adaptive response to maintain self-stability and connectivity under hypoxic conditions. NAD+ may not only provide reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions and in determining energy production, but also functions as a signaling molecule in mitochondrial dynamics regulation. In this review, we describe the upregulated KDAC deacetylase expression in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of tumor cells that results from sensing the changes in NAD+ to control mitochondrial dynamics and distribution, which is responsible for survival and metastasis in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhi Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Long Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sihang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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19
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Tribble JR, Vasalauskaite A, Redmond T, Young RD, Hassan S, Fautsch MP, Sengpiel F, Williams PA, Morgan JE. Midget retinal ganglion cell dendritic and mitochondrial degeneration is an early feature of human glaucoma. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz035. [PMID: 31894207 PMCID: PMC6928391 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive dysfunction and loss of retinal ganglion cells. However, the earliest degenerative events that occur in human glaucoma are relatively unknown. Work in animal models has demonstrated that retinal ganglion cell dendrites remodel and atrophy prior to the loss of the cell soma. Whether this occurs in human glaucoma has yet to be elucidated. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy is well established as a method to determine neuronal connectivity at high resolution but so far has only been performed in normal retina from animal models. To assess the structure-function relationship of early human glaucomatous neurodegeneration, regions of inner retina assessed to have none-to-moderate loss of retinal ganglion cell number were processed using serial block face scanning electron microscopy (n = 4 normal retinas, n = 4 glaucoma retinas). This allowed detailed 3D reconstruction of retinal ganglion cells and their intracellular components at a nanometre scale. In our datasets, retinal ganglion cell dendrites degenerate early in human glaucoma, with remodelling and redistribution of the mitochondria. We assessed the relationship between visual sensitivity and retinal ganglion cell density and discovered that this only partially conformed to predicted models of structure-function relationships, which may be affected by these early neurodegenerative changes. In this study, human glaucomatous retinal ganglion cells demonstrate compartmentalized degenerative changes as observed in animal models. Importantly, in these models, many of these changes have been demonstrated to be reversible, increasing the likelihood of translation to viable therapies for human glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tribble
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tony Redmond
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK
| | - Robert D Young
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK
| | - Shoaib Hassan
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW Wales, UK
| | | | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales, UK
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James E Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW Wales, UK
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20
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Kalia R, Frost A. Open and cut: allosteric motion and membrane fission by dynamin superfamily proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2097-2104. [PMID: 31365329 PMCID: PMC6743466 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-10-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have evolved diverse protein-based machinery to reshape, cut, or fuse their membrane-delimited compartments. Dynamin superfamily proteins are principal components of this machinery and use their ability to hydrolyze GTP and to polymerize into helices and rings to achieve these goals. Nucleotide-binding, hydrolysis, and exchange reactions drive significant conformational changes across the dynamin family, and these changes alter the shape and stability of supramolecular dynamin oligomers, as well as the ability of dynamins to bind receptors and membranes. Mutations that interfere with the conformational repertoire of these enzymes, and hence with membrane fission, exist in several inherited human diseases. Here, we discuss insights from new x-ray crystal structures and cryo-EM reconstructions that have enabled us to infer some of the allosteric dynamics for these proteins. Together, these studies help us to understand how dynamins perform mechanical work, as well as how specific mutants of dynamin family proteins exhibit pathogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kalia
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
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21
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FGF21 Mediates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence via Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4915149. [PMID: 31178962 PMCID: PMC6501200 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4915149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based therapy is a novel strategy in regenerative medicine. The functional and regenerative capacities of MSCs decline with senescence. Nonetheless, the potential mechanisms that underlie their senescence are not fully understood. This study was aimed at exploring the potential mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the regulation of MSC senescence. The senescence of MSCs was determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. The morphology and the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) of MSCs were assessed by MitoTracker and Mito-Sox staining, respectively. The expression of FGF21 and mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins was detected by Western blotting. As MSCs were expanded in vitro, the expression of FGF21 decreased. Depletion of FGF21 enhanced production of mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (ROS) and increased the senescence of early-passage MSCs whereas inhibition of ROS abolished these effects. The senescent MSCs exhibited increased mitochondrial fusion and decreased mitochondrial fission. Treatment of early-passage MSCs with FGF21 siRNA enhanced mitochondrial fusion and reduced mitochondrial fission. Moreover, treatment of mitofusin2- (Mfn2-) siRNA inhibited depletion of FGF21-induced MSC senescence. Furthermore, we demonstrated that depletion of FGF21-induced mitochondrial fusion was regulated by the AMPK signaling pathway. Treatment with an AMPK activator, AICAR, abrogated the depletion of FGF21-induced senescence of MSCs by inhibiting mitochondrial fusion. Compared with MSCs isolated from young donors, those derived from aged donors showed a lower level of FGF21 and a higher level of senescent activity. Furthermore, overexpression of FGF21 in aged MSCs inhibited senescence. Our study shows that FGF21, via the AMPK signaling pathway, regulates the senescence of MSCs by mediating mitochondrial dynamics. Targeting FGF21 might represent a novel strategy to improve the quality and quantity of MSCs.
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