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Craddock R, Vasalauskaite A, Ranson A, Sengpiel F. Experience dependent plasticity of higher visual cortical areas in the mouse. Cereb Cortex 2023:7190122. [PMID: 37279562 PMCID: PMC10393491 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience dependent plasticity in the visual cortex is a key paradigm for the study of mechanisms underpinning learning and memory. Despite this, studies involving manipulating visual experience have largely been limited to the primary visual cortex, V1, across various species. Here we investigated the effects of monocular deprivation (MD) on the ocular dominance (OD) and orientation selectivity of neurons in four visual cortical areas in the mouse: the binocular zone of V1 (V1b), the putative "ventral stream" area LM and the putative "dorsal stream" areas AL and PM. We employed two-photon calcium imaging to record neuronal responses in young adult mice before MD, immediately after MD, and following binocular recovery. OD shifts following MD were greatest in LM and smallest in AL and PM; in LM and AL, these shifts were mediated primarily through a reduction of deprived-eye responses, in V1b and LM through an increase in response through the non-deprived eye. The OD index recovered to pre-MD levels within 2 weeks in V1 only. MD caused a reduction in orientation selectivity of deprived-eye responses in V1b and LM only. Our results suggest that changes in OD in higher visual areas are not uniformly inherited from V1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Craddock
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Adam Ranson
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona 08195, Spain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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Bowness JS, Burckett-St Laurent D, Hernandez N, Keane PA, Lobo C, Margetts S, Moka E, Pawa A, Rosenblatt M, Sleep N, Taylor A, Woodworth G, Vasalauskaite A, Noble JA, Higham H. Assistive artificial intelligence for ultrasound image interpretation in regional anaesthesia: an external validation study. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:217-225. [PMID: 35987706 PMCID: PMC9900723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonound is used to identify anatomical structures during regional anaesthesia and to guide needle insertion and injection of local anaesthetic. ScanNav Anatomy Peripheral Nerve Block (Intelligent Ultrasound, Cardiff, UK) is an artificial intelligence-based device that produces a colour overlay on real-time B-mode ultrasound to highlight anatomical structures of interest. We evaluated the accuracy of the artificial-intelligence colour overlay and its perceived influence on risk of adverse events or block failure. METHODS Ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia experts acquired 720 videos from 40 volunteers (across nine anatomical regions) without using the device. The artificial-intelligence colour overlay was subsequently applied. Three more experts independently reviewed each video (with the original unmodified video) to assess accuracy of the colour overlay in relation to key anatomical structures (true positive/negative and false positive/negative) and the potential for highlighting to modify perceived risk of adverse events (needle trauma to nerves, arteries, pleura, and peritoneum) or block failure. RESULTS The artificial-intelligence models identified the structure of interest in 93.5% of cases (1519/1624), with a false-negative rate of 3.0% (48/1624) and a false-positive rate of 3.5% (57/1624). Highlighting was judged to reduce the risk of unwanted needle trauma to nerves, arteries, pleura, and peritoneum in 62.9-86.4% of cases (302/480 to 345/400), and to increase the risk in 0.0-1.7% (0/160 to 8/480). Risk of block failure was reported to be reduced in 81.3% of scans (585/720) and to be increased in 1.8% (13/720). CONCLUSIONS Artificial intelligence-based devices can potentially aid image acquisition and interpretation in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate their effectiveness in supporting training and clinical practice. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04906018.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Bowness
- Oxford Simulation, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Anaesthesia, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK.
| | | | - Nadia Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pearse A Keane
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clara Lobo
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Eleni Moka
- Anaesthesiology Department, Creta InterClinic Hospital, Hellenic Healthcare Group, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Amit Pawa
- Department of Anaesthesia, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Meg Rosenblatt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West Hospitals, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Glenn Woodworth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - J Alison Noble
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Higham
- Oxford Simulation, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Anaesthesia, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Bowness JS, Macfarlane AJ, Burckett-St Laurent D, Harris C, Margetts S, Morecroft M, Phillips D, Rees T, Sleep N, Vasalauskaite A, West S, Noble JA, Higham H. Evaluation of the impact of assistive artificial intelligence on ultrasound scanning for regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:226-233. [PMID: 36088136 PMCID: PMC9900732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia relies on the visualisation of key landmark, target, and safety structures on ultrasound. However, this can be challenging, particularly for inexperienced practitioners. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied to medical image interpretation, including ultrasound. In this exploratory study, we evaluated ultrasound scanning performance by non-experts in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia, with and without the use of an assistive AI device. METHODS Twenty-one anaesthetists, all non-experts in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia, underwent a standardised teaching session in ultrasound scanning for six peripheral nerve blocks. All then performed a scan for each block; half of the scans were performed with AI assistance and half without. Experts assessed acquisition of the correct block view and correct identification of sono-anatomical structures on each view. Participants reported scan confidence, experts provided a global rating score of scan performance, and scans were timed. RESULTS Experts assessed 126 ultrasound scans. Participants acquired the correct block view in 56/62 (90.3%) scans with the device compared with 47/62 (75.1%) without (P=0.031, two data points lost). Correct identification of sono-anatomical structures on the view was 188/212 (88.8%) with the device compared with 161/208 (77.4%) without (P=0.002). There was no significant overall difference in participant confidence, expert global performance score, or scan time. CONCLUSIONS Use of an assistive AI device was associated with improved ultrasound image acquisition and interpretation. Such technology holds potential to augment performance of ultrasound scanning for regional anaesthesia by non-experts, potentially expanding patient access to these techniques. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05156099.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Bowness
- Oxford Simulation, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Anaesthesia, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK,Corresponding author.
| | - Alan J.R. Macfarlane
- Department of Anaesthesia, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK,School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Catherine Harris
- Department of Anaesthesia, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | | | | | - David Phillips
- Department of Anaesthesia, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - Tom Rees
- Department of Anaesthesia, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | | | | | - Simeon West
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Alison Noble
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Higham
- Oxford Simulation, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Anaesthesia, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Vasalauskaite A, Morgan JE, Sengpiel F. Plasticity in Adult Mouse Visual Cortex Following Optic Nerve Injury. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1767-1777. [PMID: 30668659 PMCID: PMC6418869 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve (ON) injury is an established model of axonal injury which results in retrograde degeneration and death of retinal ganglion cells as well anterograde loss of transmission and Wallerian degeneration of the injured axons. While the local impact of ON crush has been extensively documented we know comparatively little about the functional changes that occur in higher visual structures such as primary visual cortex (V1). We explored the extent of adult cortical plasticity using ON crush in aged mice. V1 function of the contralateral hemisphere was assessed longitudinally by intrinsic signal imaging and 2-photon calcium imaging before and after ON crush. Functional imaging demonstrated an immediate shift in V1 ocular dominance towards the ipsilateral, intact eye, due to the expected almost complete loss of responses to contralateral eye stimulation. Surprisingly, within 2 weeks we observed a delayed increase in ipsilateral eye responses. Additionally, spontaneous activity in V1 was reduced, similar to the lesion projection zone after retinal lesions. The observed changes in V1 activity indicate that severe ON injury in adulthood evokes cortical plasticity not only cross-modally but also within the visual cortex; this plasticity may be best compared with that seen after retinal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James E Morgan
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, UK
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Powell A, Connelly WM, Vasalauskaite A, Nelson AJD, Vann SD, Aggleton JP, Sengpiel F, Ranson A. Stable Encoding of Visual Cues in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4424-4437. [PMID: 32147692 PMCID: PMC7438634 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent retrosplenial cortex (RSC) functions as an integrative hub for sensory and motor signals, serving roles in both navigation and memory. While RSC is reciprocally connected with the sensory cortex, the form in which sensory information is represented in the RSC and how it interacts with motor feedback is unclear and likely to be critical to computations involved in navigation such as path integration. Here, we used 2-photon cellular imaging of neural activity of putative excitatory (CaMKII expressing) and inhibitory (parvalbumin expressing) neurons to measure visual and locomotion evoked activity in RSC and compare it to primary visual cortex (V1). We observed stimulus position and orientation tuning, and a retinotopic organization. Locomotion modulation of activity of single neurons, both in darkness and light, was more pronounced in RSC than V1, and while locomotion modulation was strongest in RSC parvalbumin-positive neurons, visual-locomotion integration was found to be more supralinear in CaMKII neurons. Longitudinal measurements showed that response properties were stably maintained over many weeks. These data provide evidence for stable representations of visual cues in RSC that are spatially selective. These may provide sensory data to contribute to the formation of memories of spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Powell
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, CF10 3AS Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, CF10 3AS Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Adam Ranson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08195, Spain.,Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
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Tribble JR, Vasalauskaite A, Redmond T, Young RD, Hassan S, Fautsch MP, Sengpiel F, Williams PA, Morgan JE. Midget retinal ganglion cell dendritic and mitochondrial degeneration is an early feature of human glaucoma. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz035. [PMID: 31894207 PMCID: PMC6928391 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive dysfunction and loss of retinal ganglion cells. However, the earliest degenerative events that occur in human glaucoma are relatively unknown. Work in animal models has demonstrated that retinal ganglion cell dendrites remodel and atrophy prior to the loss of the cell soma. Whether this occurs in human glaucoma has yet to be elucidated. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy is well established as a method to determine neuronal connectivity at high resolution but so far has only been performed in normal retina from animal models. To assess the structure-function relationship of early human glaucomatous neurodegeneration, regions of inner retina assessed to have none-to-moderate loss of retinal ganglion cell number were processed using serial block face scanning electron microscopy (n = 4 normal retinas, n = 4 glaucoma retinas). This allowed detailed 3D reconstruction of retinal ganglion cells and their intracellular components at a nanometre scale. In our datasets, retinal ganglion cell dendrites degenerate early in human glaucoma, with remodelling and redistribution of the mitochondria. We assessed the relationship between visual sensitivity and retinal ganglion cell density and discovered that this only partially conformed to predicted models of structure-function relationships, which may be affected by these early neurodegenerative changes. In this study, human glaucomatous retinal ganglion cells demonstrate compartmentalized degenerative changes as observed in animal models. Importantly, in these models, many of these changes have been demonstrated to be reversible, increasing the likelihood of translation to viable therapies for human glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tribble
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tony Redmond
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK
| | - Robert D Young
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK
| | - Shoaib Hassan
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW Wales, UK
| | | | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales, UK
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James E Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW Wales, UK
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Erchova I, Vasalauskaite A, Longo V, Sengpiel F. Enhancement of visual cortex plasticity by dark exposure. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0159. [PMID: 28093553 PMCID: PMC5247591 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark rearing is known to delay the time course of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the visual cortex. Recent evidence suggests that a period of dark exposure (DE) may enhance or reinstate plasticity even after closure of the critical period, mediated through modification of the excitatory-inhibitory balance and/or removal of structural brakes on plasticity. Here, we investigated the effects of a week of DE on the recovery from a month of monocular deprivation (MD) in the primary visual cortex (V1) of juvenile mice. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals revealed that ocular dominance in V1 of mice that had received DE recovered slightly more quickly than of mice that had not, but the level of recovery after three weeks was similar in both groups. Two-photon calcium imaging showed no significant difference in the recovery of orientation selectivity of excitatory neurons between the two groups. Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons exhibited a smaller ocular dominance shift during MD but again no differences in subsequent recovery. The percentage of PV+ cells surrounded by perineuronal nets, a structural brake on plasticity, was lower in mice with than those without DE. Overall, DE causes a modest enhancement of mouse visual cortex plasticity.This article is part of the themed issue 'Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Erchova
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Asta Vasalauskaite
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Valentina Longo
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
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