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Craddock R, Vasalauskaite A, Ranson A, Sengpiel F. Experience dependent plasticity of higher visual cortical areas in the mouse. Cereb Cortex 2023:7190122. [PMID: 37279562 PMCID: PMC10393491 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience dependent plasticity in the visual cortex is a key paradigm for the study of mechanisms underpinning learning and memory. Despite this, studies involving manipulating visual experience have largely been limited to the primary visual cortex, V1, across various species. Here we investigated the effects of monocular deprivation (MD) on the ocular dominance (OD) and orientation selectivity of neurons in four visual cortical areas in the mouse: the binocular zone of V1 (V1b), the putative "ventral stream" area LM and the putative "dorsal stream" areas AL and PM. We employed two-photon calcium imaging to record neuronal responses in young adult mice before MD, immediately after MD, and following binocular recovery. OD shifts following MD were greatest in LM and smallest in AL and PM; in LM and AL, these shifts were mediated primarily through a reduction of deprived-eye responses, in V1b and LM through an increase in response through the non-deprived eye. The OD index recovered to pre-MD levels within 2 weeks in V1 only. MD caused a reduction in orientation selectivity of deprived-eye responses in V1b and LM only. Our results suggest that changes in OD in higher visual areas are not uniformly inherited from V1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Craddock
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Adam Ranson
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona 08195, Spain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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2
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Imbriotis V, Ranson A, Connelly WM. RPG: A low-cost, open-source, high-performance solution for displaying visual stimuli. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 363:109343. [PMID: 34464650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of new high throughput approaches for neuroscience such as high-density silicon probes and 2-photon imaging have led to a renaissance in visual neuroscience. However, generating the stimuli needed to evoke activity in the visual system still represents a non-negligible difficulty for experimentalists. While several widely used software toolkits exist to deliver such stimuli, they all suffer from some shortcomings. Primarily, the hardware needed to effectively display such stimuli comes at a significant financial cost, and secondly, triggering and/or timing the stimuli such that it can be accurately synchronized with other devices requires the use of legacy hardware, further hardware, or bespoke solutions. RESULTS Here we present RPG (Raspberry Pi Gratings), a Python package written for the Raspberry Pi, which overcomes these issues. Specifically, the Raspberry Pi is a low-cost, credit card sized computer with general purpose input/output pins, allowing RPG to be triggered to deliver stimuli and to provide real-time feedback on stimulus timing. RPG delivers stimuli at 60 frames per second and the feedback of frame timings is accurate to 10s of microseconds. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) With respect to the accuracy of frame timings, the performance of RPG is at least as accurate as commonly used packages. However, the inbuilt ability to trigger stimuli and the real-time feedback of frame timings will be extremely useful for certain experiments. CONCLUSIONS RPG provides a simple to use Python interface that is capable of generating drifting sine wave gratings, Gabor patches and displaying raw images/video.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Imbriotis
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Adam Ranson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Powell A, Connelly WM, Vasalauskaite A, Nelson AJD, Vann SD, Aggleton JP, Sengpiel F, Ranson A. Stable Encoding of Visual Cues in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4424-4437. [PMID: 32147692 PMCID: PMC7438634 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent retrosplenial cortex (RSC) functions as an integrative hub for sensory and motor signals, serving roles in both navigation and memory. While RSC is reciprocally connected with the sensory cortex, the form in which sensory information is represented in the RSC and how it interacts with motor feedback is unclear and likely to be critical to computations involved in navigation such as path integration. Here, we used 2-photon cellular imaging of neural activity of putative excitatory (CaMKII expressing) and inhibitory (parvalbumin expressing) neurons to measure visual and locomotion evoked activity in RSC and compare it to primary visual cortex (V1). We observed stimulus position and orientation tuning, and a retinotopic organization. Locomotion modulation of activity of single neurons, both in darkness and light, was more pronounced in RSC than V1, and while locomotion modulation was strongest in RSC parvalbumin-positive neurons, visual-locomotion integration was found to be more supralinear in CaMKII neurons. Longitudinal measurements showed that response properties were stably maintained over many weeks. These data provide evidence for stable representations of visual cues in RSC that are spatially selective. These may provide sensory data to contribute to the formation of memories of spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Powell
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, CF10 3AS Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, CF10 3AS Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Adam Ranson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08195, Spain.,Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
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Abstract
Conceptual and computational models have been advanced that propose that perceptual disturbances in psychosis, such as hallucinations, may arise due to a disruption in the balance between bottom-up (ie sensory) and top-down (ie from higher brain areas) information streams in sensory cortex. However, the neural activity underlying this hypothesized alteration remains largely unexplored. Pharmacological N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonism presents an attractive model to examine potential changes as it acutely recapitulates many of the symptoms of schizophrenia including hallucinations, and NMDAR hypofunction is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia as evidenced by large-scale genetic studies. Here we use in vivo 2-photon imaging to measure frontal top-down signals from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and their influence on activity of the primary visual cortex (V1) in mice during pharmacologically induced NMDAR hypofunction. We find that global NMDAR hypofunction causes a significant increase in activation of top-down ACC axons, and that surprisingly this is associated with an ACC-dependent net suppression of spontaneous activity in V1 as well as a reduction in V1 sensory-evoked activity. These findings are consistent with a model in which perceptual disturbances in psychosis are caused in part by aberrant top-down frontal cortex activity that suppresses the transmission of sensory signals through early sensory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ranson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eluned Broom
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anna Powell
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fangli Chen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Guy Major
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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5
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Bachmann SO, Sledziowska M, Cross E, Kalbassi S, Waldron S, Chen F, Ranson A, Baudouin SJ. Behavioral training rescues motor deficits in Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency mouse model of autism spectrum disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 30664619 PMCID: PMC6341103 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions in the 15q11.2 region of the human genome are associated with neurobehavioral deficits, and motor development delay, as well as in some cases, symptoms of autism or schizophrenia. The cytoplasmic FMRP-interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1) is one of the four genes contained within this locus and has been associated with other genetic forms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In mice, Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency leads to alteration of dendritic spine morphology and defects in synaptic plasticity, two pathophysiological hallmarks of mouse models of ASD. At the behavioral level, however, Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency leads to minor phenotypes, not directly relevant for 15q11.2 deletion syndrome or ASD. A fundamental question is whether neuronal phenotypes caused by the mutation of Cyfip1 are relevant for the human condition. Here, we describe a synaptic cluster of ASD-associated proteins centered on CYFIP1 and the adhesion protein Neuroligin-3. Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency in mice led to decreased dendritic spine density and stability associated with social behavior and motor learning phenotypes. Behavioral training early in development resulted in alleviating the motor learning deficits caused by Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency. Altogether, these data provide new insight into the neuronal and behavioral phenotypes caused by Cyfip1 mutation and proof-of-concept for the development of a behavioral therapy to treat phenotypes associated with 15q11.2 syndromes and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven O. Bachmann
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - Monika Sledziowska
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - Ellen Cross
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - Shireene Kalbassi
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - Sophie Waldron
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - Fangli Chen
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Adam Ranson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stéphane J. Baudouin
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales UK
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6
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Baruchin LJ, Ranson A, Good M, Crunelli V. Absence of Neuronal Response Modulation with Familiarity in Perirhinal Cortex. Neuroscience 2018; 394:23-29. [PMID: 30342199 PMCID: PMC6280024 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
LFP responses to images could be observed in the mouse PRH – which can be used to translate to human studies. Under passive head-restrained viewing condition no familiarity response modulation could be observed in the PRH. When many novel complex images are presented familiarity modulation could be observed as upstream as V1.
The perirhinal cortex (PRH) is considered a crucial cortical area for familiarity memory and electrophysiological studies have reported the presence of visual familiarity encoding neurons in PRH. However, recent evidence has questioned the existence of these neurons. Here, we used a visual task in which head-restrained mice were passively exposed to oriented gratings or natural images. Evoked potentials and single-unit recordings showed evoked responses to novelty in V1 under some conditions. However, the PRH showed no response modulation with respect to familiarity under a variety of different conditions or retention delays. These results indicate that the PRH does not contribute to familiarity/novelty encoding using passively exposed visual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liad J Baruchin
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Adam Ranson
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Mark Good
- Department of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Malta University, Msida, Malta.
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7
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Dipoppa M, Ranson A, Krumin M, Pachitariu M, Carandini M, Harris KD. Vision and Locomotion Shape the Interactions between Neuron Types in Mouse Visual Cortex. Neuron 2018; 98:602-615.e8. [PMID: 29656873 PMCID: PMC5946730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cortical computation arises from the interaction of multiple neuronal types, including pyramidal (Pyr) cells and interneurons expressing Sst, Vip, or Pvalb. To study the circuit underlying such interactions, we imaged these four types of cells in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Our recordings in darkness were consistent with a "disinhibitory" model in which locomotion activates Vip cells, thus inhibiting Sst cells and disinhibiting Pyr cells. However, the disinhibitory model failed when visual stimuli were present: locomotion increased Sst cell responses to large stimuli and Vip cell responses to small stimuli. A recurrent network model successfully predicted each cell type's activity from the measured activity of other types. Capturing the effects of locomotion, however, required allowing it to increase feedforward synaptic weights and modulate recurrent weights. This network model summarizes interneuron interactions and suggests that locomotion may alter cortical computation by changing effective synaptic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dipoppa
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Adam Ranson
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Michael Krumin
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Marius Pachitariu
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Matteo Carandini
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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8
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Abstract
Activity of neurons in primary visual cortex is shaped by sensory and behavioral context. However, the long-term stability of the influence of contextual factors in the mature cortex remains poorly understood. To investigate this, we used two-photon calcium imaging to track the influence of surround suppression and locomotion on individual neurons over 14 days. We found that highly active excitatory neurons and parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons exhibited relatively stable modulation by visual context. Similarly, most neurons exhibited a stable yet distinct degree of modulation by locomotion. In contrast, less active excitatory neurons exhibited plasticity in visual context influence, resulting in increased suppression. These findings suggest that the mature visual cortex possesses stable subnetworks of neurons, differentiated by cell type and activity level, which have distinctive and stable interactions with sensory and behavioral contexts, as well as other less active and more labile neurons, which are sensitive to visual experience. Highly active excitatory neurons are stably modulated by visual context Lower activity neurons exhibit plasticity of influence of visual context in mature V1 PV interneurons maintain relatively stable modulation by visual and behavioral context Majority of excitatory neurons are stably modulated by behavioral context
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ranson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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9
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Burgess CP, Lak A, Steinmetz NA, Zatka-Haas P, Bai Reddy C, Jacobs EAK, Linden JF, Paton JJ, Ranson A, Schröder S, Soares S, Wells MJ, Wool LE, Harris KD, Carandini M. High-Yield Methods for Accurate Two-Alternative Visual Psychophysics in Head-Fixed Mice. Cell Rep 2017; 20:2513-2524. [PMID: 28877482 PMCID: PMC5603732 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in neuroscience increasingly relies on the mouse, a mammalian species that affords unparalleled genetic tractability and brain atlases. Here, we introduce high-yield methods for probing mouse visual decisions. Mice are head-fixed, facilitating repeatable visual stimulation, eye tracking, and brain access. They turn a steering wheel to make two alternative choices, forced or unforced. Learning is rapid thanks to intuitive coupling of stimuli to wheel position. The mouse decisions deliver high-quality psychometric curves for detection and discrimination and conform to the predictions of a simple probabilistic observer model. The task is readily paired with two-photon imaging of cortical activity. Optogenetic inactivation reveals that the task requires mice to use their visual cortex. Mice are motivated to perform the task by fluid reward or optogenetic stimulation of dopamine neurons. This stimulation elicits a larger number of trials and faster learning. These methods provide a platform to accurately probe mouse vision and its neural basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Lak
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Peter Zatka-Haas
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), University College London, London, UK
| | - Charu Bai Reddy
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elina A K Jacobs
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | - Adam Ranson
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sylvia Schröder
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sofia Soares
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miles J Wells
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lauren E Wool
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matteo Carandini
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Andersen G, Meiffren G, Alluis B, Ranson A, Soula R, Gaudier M, Soula O, Kazda C, Heise T, Bruce S. Ultra-rapid BioChaperone Lispro ameliorates postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) in a group with diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Andersen
- Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH, Neuss, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Kazda
- Lilly France, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - T Heise
- Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH, Neuss, Germany
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11
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Greenhill SD, Ranson A, Fox K. Hebbian and Homeostatic Plasticity Mechanisms in Regular Spiking and Intrinsic Bursting Cells of Cortical Layer 5. Neuron 2015; 88:539-52. [PMID: 26481037 PMCID: PMC4643308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Layer 5 contains the major projection neurons of the neocortex and is composed of two major cell types: regular spiking (RS) cells, which have cortico-cortical projections, and intrinsic bursting cells (IB), which have subcortical projections. Little is known about the plasticity processes and specifically the molecular mechanisms by which these two cell classes develop and maintain their unique integrative properties. In this study, we find that RS and IB cells show fundementally different experience-dependent plasticity processes and integrate Hebbian and homeostatic components of plasticity differently. Both RS and IB cells showed TNFα-dependent homeostatic plasticity in response to sensory deprivation, but IB cells were capable of a much faster synaptic depression and homeostatic rebound than RS cells. Only IB cells showed input-specific potentiation that depended on CaMKII autophosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate that plasticity mechanisms are not uniform within the neocortex, even within a cortical layer, but are specialized within subcircuits. RS and IB cells exhibit TNFα-dependent homeostatic recovery from depression IB cells exhibit CaMKII-dependent, input-specific potentiation, but RS cells do not TNFα-dependent homeostatic plasticity persists into adulthood in cortical layer 5 mEPSCs of RS and IB cells mirror changes in their sensory evoked spike firing rates
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Ranson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kevin Fox
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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12
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Ranson A, Sengpiel F, Fox K. The role of GluA1 in ocular dominance plasticity in the mouse visual cortex. J Neurosci 2013; 33:15220-5. [PMID: 24048851 PMCID: PMC6618404 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2078-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular dominance plasticity is a widely studied model of experience-dependent cortical plasticity. It has been shown that potentiation of open eye responses resulting from monocular deprivation relies on a homeostatic response to loss of input from the closed eye, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully understood. The role of GluA1 in the homeostatic component of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity has not so far been tested. In this study, we tested the idea that the GluA1 subunit of the AMPA receptor is necessary for open eye potentiation. We found that open eye potentiation did not occur in GluA1 knock-out (GluA1(-/-)) mice but did occur in wild-type littermates when monocular deprivation was imposed during the critical period. We also found that depression of the closed eye response that normally occurs in the monocular as well as binocular zone is delayed, but only in the monocular zone in GluA1(-/-) mice and only in a background strain we have previously shown lacks synaptic scaling (C57BL/6OlaHsd). In adult mice, we found that OD plasticity and facilitation of OD plasticity by prior monocular experience were both present in GluA1(-/-) mice, suggesting that the GluA1-dependent mechanisms only operate during the critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ranson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Fox
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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13
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Ranson A, Cheetham CEJ, Fox K, Sengpiel F. Homeostatic plasticity mechanisms are required for juvenile, but not adult, ocular dominance plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:1311-6. [PMID: 22232689 PMCID: PMC3268335 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1112204109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular dominance (OD) plasticity in the visual cortex is a classic model system for understanding developmental plasticity, but the visual cortex also shows plasticity in adulthood. Whether the plasticity mechanisms are similar or different at the two ages is not clear. Several plasticity mechanisms operate during development, including homeostatic plasticity, which acts to maintain the total excitatory drive to a neuron. In agreement with this idea, we found that an often-studied substrain of C57BL/6 mice, C57BL/6JOlaHsd (6JOla), lacks both the homeostatic component of OD plasticity as assessed by intrinsic signal imaging and synaptic scaling of mEPSC amplitudes after a short period of dark exposure during the critical period, whereas another substrain, C57BL/6J (6J), exhibits both plasticity processes. However, in adult mice, OD plasticity was identical in the 6JOla and 6J substrains, suggesting that adult plasticity occurs by a different mechanism. Consistent with this interpretation, adult OD plasticity was normal in TNFα knockout mice, which are known to lack juvenile synaptic scaling and the homeostatic component of OD plasticity, but was absent in adult α-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II;T286A (αCaMKII(T286A)) mice, which have a point mutation that prevents autophosphorylation of αCaMKII. We conclude that increased responsiveness to open-eye stimulation after monocular deprivation during the critical period is a homeostatic process that depends mechanistically on synaptic scaling during the critical period, whereas in adult mice it is mediated by a different mechanism that requires αCaMKII autophosphorylation. Thus, our study reveals a transition between homeostatic and long-term potentiation-like plasticity mechanisms with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ranson
- School of Biosciences and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. J. Cheetham
- School of Biosciences and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Fox
- School of Biosciences and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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14
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Ludwig CJH, Ranson A, Gilchrist ID. Oculomotor capture by transient events: a comparison of abrupt onsets, offsets, motion, and flicker. J Vis 2008; 8:11.1-16. [PMID: 19146312 DOI: 10.1167/8.14.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Attentional and oculomotor capture by some salient visual event gives insight into what types of dynamic signals the human orienting system is sensitive to. We examined the sensitivity of the saccadic eye movement system to 4 types of dynamic, but task-irrelevant, visual events: abrupt onset, abrupt offset, motion onset and flicker onset. We varied (1) the primary task (contrast vs. motion discrimination) and (2) the amount of prior knowledge of the location of the dynamic event. Interference from the irrelevant events was quantified using a discrimination threshold metric. When the primary task involved contrast discrimination, all four events disrupted performance approximately equally, including the sudden disappearance of an old object. However, when motion was the task-relevant dimension, abrupt onsets and offsets did not disrupt performance at all, but motion onset had a strong effect. Providing more spatial certainty to observers decreased the amount of direct oculomotor capture but nevertheless impaired performance. We conclude that oculomotor capture is predominantly contingent upon the channel the observer monitors in order to perform the primary visual task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimir J H Ludwig
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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