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Ahmed MAM, Ali MF, Mohamed NM, Bayoumi SAL, Zahran AM, Elsayh KI. Exploring the efficacy of various wheat bran extracts in promoting burn wound healing: A comparative analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117174. [PMID: 37709105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although burn wound management in medical practice has improved, the challenge still exists and demands multidisciplinary participation. Wheat has been extensively used as a remedy of different skin conditions especially burns in almost all parts of Italy. However, the mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the effects of different wheat bran extracts on the healing of burn wound estimated grossly, histopathologically, and immunologically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups; (control) saline treated group, Mebo (Moist Exposed Burn Ointment), cold-water extract, hot-water extract and methanolic extract groups. After the burn, four groups from the experimental groups were treated with Mebo, cold-water extract, hot-water extract and methanolic extract, respectively, but the negative-control group was treated daily with saline only. The observation was made along days 0, 5, 9, 13, 17 and 21. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical and cytokines estimation in addition to wound samples were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The histopathological examination showed that the inflammation was significantly decreased in all extract-treated groups when compared with saline and Mebo-treated groups. Epithelial tissue and granulation tissue formation most significantly appeared in the cold water extract-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Cold water and methanolic extract groups showed the most rapid and effective healing of the burn wound. Particularly the cold-water extract, due to the sufficient concentration of zinc and phenolic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nesma M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Assiut, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Soad A L Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid I Elsayh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Riemma G, Mainini G, Lukanović D, Scalzone G, Sandullo L, Schettino MT, Vastarella MG, Dominoni M, Pieretti G, De Franciscis P, Passaro M, Torella M. Efficacy of a Novel Rigenase ® and Polyhexanide (Fitostimoline ® Septagel) Hydrogel Device for the Treatment of Vulvovaginitis Symptoms: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a National Survey and Prospective Observational Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2004. [PMID: 38004053 PMCID: PMC10673349 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Signs and symptoms of vulvovaginitis, especially when recurrent, have a significant impact on a woman's quality of life. The aim of this study was to survey gynecologists about their habits regarding the treatments of the pathology and to evaluate the efficacy of a novel vaginal hydrogel composed of wheat extracts and polyhexanide aimed at reducing vulvovaginitis symptomatology. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a national survey using 155 Italian gynecologists and a prospective, open-label, observational study were carried out in 75 outpatient clinics across Italy. Pre- and postmenopausal women with suspicion of vulvovaginitis due to at least four of the following symptoms (leucoxanthorrhea, bad odor from genitalia, vulvovaginal dryness, petechiae, burning, and pruritus) while waiting for microbiological swab analysis were included and treated with one hydrogel application every 3 days for 1 week. Primary endpoint was the complete resolution of symptomatology. Results: The pre-study survey reported that, for most clinicians, local or oral treatment (65.7% and 82.8%, respectively) with antibiotics or antifungals is used very often. Therefore, we proceeded to carry out an observational study. Overall, 615 (362 of fertile age and 253 in postmenopause) women were included in this study. At the 28th follow-up examination, complete resolution of symptomatology was achieved in 578/615 (94.1%; p < 0.001) within 12.72 ± 6.55 and 13.22 ± 6.33 days for those of fertile age and in postmenopause, respectively (p = 0.342). All of the evaluated symptoms were significantly reduced after treatment (p = 0.001) without differences according to the patient's menopausal status. A slightly significant reduction in Gardnerella Vaginalis (p = 0.040) and Candida Albicans (p = 0.049) was found after treatment. No patient reported side effects, adverse reactions, or discontinued therapy. Conclusions: This pilot study showed that a hydrogel based on Rigenase® (wheat extract) and polyhexanide could be a promising treatment for the relief of vulvovaginitis symptoms. However, these results are limited by the absence of a control group. Additional comparative and randomized controlled trials between the hydrogel and other non-antibiotic devices as well as local antibiotic therapy should be performed to increase the validity of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Riemma
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (M.T.S.); (M.G.V.); (G.P.); (P.D.F.)
| | | | - David Lukanović
- Department of Gynecology, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ljubljana Medical Center, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Gaetano Scalzone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (M.T.S.); (M.G.V.); (G.P.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Lucia Sandullo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (M.T.S.); (M.G.V.); (G.P.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Maria Teresa Schettino
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (M.T.S.); (M.G.V.); (G.P.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Vastarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (M.T.S.); (M.G.V.); (G.P.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Mattia Dominoni
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (M.T.S.); (M.G.V.); (G.P.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (M.T.S.); (M.G.V.); (G.P.); (P.D.F.)
| | | | - Marco Torella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (M.T.S.); (M.G.V.); (G.P.); (P.D.F.)
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Della Pepa G, Lombardi G, Gianfrancesco S, Piccolo R, Chirico G, Pellegrino M, Santella L, Tecce N, Volpicelli A, Sollo E, Bozzetto L, Masulli M, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Saldalamacchia G. Triticum vulgare Extract and Polyhexanide (Fitostimoline ® Hydrogel/Fitostimoline ® Plus Gauze) versus Saline Gauze Dressing in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103596. [PMID: 37240701 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of dressings is an essential component of the standard of care for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs); however, despite the wide variety of dressings available, there is a lack of evidence from head-to-head randomized controlled trials. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of Triticum vulgare extract and polyhexanide (Fitostimoline® hydrogel/Fitostimoline® Plus gauze) versus saline gauze dressings in patients with DFUs. METHODS This study involved a monocentric, two-arm, open-label, controlled trial in patients with DFUs (Grades I or II, Stage A or C, based on the Texas classification) randomized to 12 weeks of dressing with Fitostimoline® hydrogel/Fitostimoline® Plus gauze or saline gauze. The number of patients with complete healing, the reduction in DFU size, and the presence of local signs and symptoms of the wound and perilesional skin were evaluated every two weeks and at the end of treatment. RESULTS A total of 40 adult patients were recruited (20 patients in each treatment group). The proportion of patients with complete healing was similar between the two groups (61% vs. 74%, p = 0.495, Fitostimoline® hydrogel/Fitostimoline® Plus gauze vs. saline gauze, respectively), without significant differences, as well as the reduction in DFU size. A significant improvement in local signs and symptoms of the wound and signs of perilesional skin in the Fitostimoline® hydrogel/Fitostimoline® Plus gauze compared with the saline gauze group was observed. CONCLUSIONS In a clinical setting, the use of Fitostimoline® hydrogel/Fitostimoline® Plus gauze dressing in patients with DFUs significantly improves signs and symptoms of the wound and signs of perilesional skin compared with saline gauze dressing with a similar efficacy in terms of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Piccolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chirico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Micaela Pellegrino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Santella
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Tecce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anastasia Volpicelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Sollo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Saldalamacchia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Nicolas-Espinosa J, Yepes-Molina L, Carvajal M. Bioactive peptides from broccoli stems strongly enhance regenerative keratinocytes by stimulating controlled proliferation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:235-246. [PMID: 35086428 PMCID: PMC8797740 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2009522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT As the interest on the research of plant derived bioactive peptides (BPs) for nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and medical applications is increasing, in this work, the application of peptide derived from broccoli to keratinocytes was studied. OBJECTIVE We focussed on the characterization of different peptides hydrolysates from broccoli stems [extracted from total protein (E) and from membrane protein (MF)], and their activity when applied to human keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peptide mixtures from broccoli stems (E and MF) were characterized by proteomics. They were applied to HaCaT cells in order to study cytotoxicity in a concentration range between 20 and 0.15625 µg of protein/mL and wound healing was studied after 24 and 48 h of treatment application. Also, proteomic and gene expression of keratinocytes were analysed. RESULTS Depending on the source, proteins varied in peptide and amino acid composition. An increased proliferation of keratinocytes was shown after the application of the E peptides mixtures, reaching 190% with the lowest concentrations, but enhanced wound healing repair with E and MF appeared, reaching 59% of wound closure after 48 h. At the gene expression and protein levels of keratinocytes, the upregulation of anti-oncogene p53 and keratinization factors were observed. DISCUSSION These results suggest that peptide mixtures obtained from broccoli augmented cell proliferation and prevented the carcinogenic, uncontrolled growth of the cells, with different mechanisms depending on the protein source. CONCLUSIONS The results encourage the opening of new lines of research involving the use of Brassica peptides for pharmaceutic or cosmetic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Campanile M, Cuomo O, Brancaccio P, Vinciguerra A, Casamassa A, Pastorino O, Volpicelli F, Gentile MT, Amoroso S, Annunziato L, Colucci-D Amato L, Pignataro G. Ruta graveolens water extract (RGWE) ameliorates ischemic damage and improves neurological deficits in a rat model of transient focal brain ischemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113587. [PMID: 36029540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The limited therapeutic options for ischemic stroke treatment render necessary the identification of new strategies. In recent years, it has been shown that natural compounds may represent a valid therapeutic opportunity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Ruta graveolens water extract (RGWE) in an in vivo experimental model of brain ischemia. METHODS RGWE effects on ischemic damage and neurological function were evaluated in adult rats subjected to transient occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery (tMCAO), receiving two intraperitoneal injections of RGWE, 100 and 300 min after the induction of ischemia. In addition, astroglial and microglial activation was measured as GFAP and IBA-1 expression by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis. RESULTS Treatment with RGWE containing 10 mg/kg of Rutin, the major component, ameliorates the ischemic damage and improves neurological performances. Interestingly, the pro-inflammatory states of astrocytes and microglia, respectively detected by using C3 and iNOS markers, were significantly reduced in ipsilateral cortical and striatal areas in ischemic RGWE-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS RGWE shows a neuroprotective effect on brain infarct volume extent in a transient focal cerebral ischemia model and this effect was paralleled by the prevention of pro-inflammatory astroglial and microglial activation. Collectively, our findings support the idea that natural compounds may represent potential therapeutic opportunities against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Campanile
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Science and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Olga Pastorino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Floriana Volpicelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Gentile
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Science and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Luca Colucci-D Amato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy; InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences (CIRN), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Brancaccio P, Anzilotti S, Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A, Campanile M, Herchuelz A, Amoroso S, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Preconditioning in hypoxic-ischemic neonate mice triggers Na +-Ca 2+ exchanger-dependent neurogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:318. [PMID: 35831286 PMCID: PMC9279453 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To identify alternative interventions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, researchers’ attention has been focused to the study of endogenous neuroprotective strategies. Based on the preconditioning concept that a subthreshold insult may protect from a subsequent harmful event, we aimed at identifying a new preconditioning protocol able to enhance Ca2+-dependent neurogenesis in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI). To this purpose, we also investigated the role of the preconditioning-linked protein controlling ionic homeostasis, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Hypoxic Preconditioning (HPC) was reproduced by exposing P7 mice to 20’ hypoxia. HI was induced by isolating and cutting the right common carotid artery. A significant reduction in ischemic damage was observed in mice subjected to 20’ hypoxia followed,3 days later, by 60’ HI, thus suggesting that 20’ hypoxia functions as preconditioning stimulus. HPC promoted neuroblasts proliferation in the dentate gyrus mirrored by an increase of NCX1 and NCX3-positive cells and an improvement of behavioral motor performances in HI mice. An attenuation of HPC neuroprotection as well as a reduction in the expression of neurogenesis markers, including p57 and NeuroD1, was observed in preconditioned mice lacking NCX1 or NCX3. In summary, PC in neonatal mice triggers a neurogenic process linked to ionic homeostasis maintenance, regulated by NCX1 and NCX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - S Anzilotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - O Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Campanile
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Herchuelz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapeutique-Faculté de Médecine Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Annunziato
- IRCCS Synlab SDN S.p.A, via Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - G Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Triticum vulgare Extract Modulates Protein-Kinase B and Matrix Metalloproteinases 9 Protein Expression in BV-2 Cells: Bioactivity on Inflammatory Pathway Associated with Molecular Mechanism Wound Healing. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:2851949. [PMID: 32189993 PMCID: PMC7063223 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2851949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of ubiquitously expressed zinc-dependent enzymes with proteolitic activities. They are expressed in physiological situations and pathological conditions involving inflammatory processes including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), neuronal injury, and cancer. There is also evidence that MMPs regulate inflammation in tumor microenvironment, which plays an important role in healing tissue processes. Looking at both inflammatory and neuronal damages, MMP9 is involved in both processes and their modulation seems to be regulated by two proteins: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). However other important genes are involved in molecular regulation of transcription factors, protein-kinase B (AKT), and p65. In addition, Triticum vulgare extract (TVE) modulated the biological markers associated with inflammatory processes, including p65 protein. While there are no evidence that TVE might be involved in the biological modulation of other inflammatory marker as AKT, we would like to assess whether TVE is able to (1) modulate phosphorylation of AKT (pAKT) as an early marker of inflammatory process in vitro and (2) affect MMP9 protein expression in an in vitro model. The BV-2 cells (microglial of mouse) have been used as an in vitro model to simulate both inflammatory and neuronal injury pathologies. Here, MMP9 seems to be involved in cellular migration through inflammatory marker activation. We simulate an inflammatory preclinical model treating BV-2 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce proinflammatory activation affecting pAKT and p65 proteins. TVE is revealed to restore the native expression of AKT and p65. Additionally, TVE extract modulates also the protein concentration of MMP9. Nevertheless, immunofluorescence confocal analyses revealed that both AKT and MMP9 are regulated together, synchronously. This work seems to demonstrate that two important genes can be used to monitor the beginning of an inflammatory process, AKT and MMP9, in which TVE seems able to modulate their expression of inflammation-associated molecules.
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D’Agostino A, Pirozzi AVA, Finamore R, Grieco F, Minale M, Schiraldi C. Molecular Mechanisms at the Basis of Pharmaceutical Grade Triticum vulgare Extract Efficacy in Prompting Keratinocytes Healing. Molecules 2020; 25:E431. [PMID: 31972968 PMCID: PMC7037555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that many plant- or microbial-derived oligos and polysaccharides may prompt tissue repair. Among the different extracts that have been studied, the aqueous one of Triticum vulgare (TVE) that was obtained from a whole germinated plant has been proven to have different biological properties that are useful in the process of wound healing. Nevertheless, with the long tradition of its use in pharmaceutical cream and ointments, especially in Italy, a new protocol was recently proposed (and patented) to improve the extraction process. METHODS In a simplified in vitro model, human keratinocyte monolayers were scratched and used to run time lapse experiments by using time lapse video microscopy (TLVM) to quantify reparation rate while considering a dose-response effect. Contemporarily, the molecular mechanisms that are involved in tissue repair were studied. In fact, key biomarkers that are involved in remodeling, such as MMP-2 and MMP-9, and in matrix structure assembly, such as collagen I, elastin, integrin αV and aquaporin 3, were evaluated with gene expression analyses (RT-PCR) and protein quantification in western blotting. RESULTS All TVE doses tested on the HaCat-supported cell proliferation. TVE also prompted cell migration in respect to the control, correctly modulating the timing of metalloproteases expression toward a consistent and well-assessed matrix remodeling. Furthermore, TVE treatments upregulated and positively modulated the expression of the analyzed biomarkers, thus resulting in a better remodeling of dermal tissue during healing. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro results on the beneficial effects of TVE on tissue elasticity and regeneration may support a better understanding of the action mechanism of TVE as active principles in pharmaceutical preparation in wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella D’Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (A.V.A.P.); (R.F.)
| | - Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (A.V.A.P.); (R.F.)
| | - Rosario Finamore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (A.V.A.P.); (R.F.)
| | | | | | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (A.V.A.P.); (R.F.)
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Tito A, Minale M, Riccio S, Grieco F, Colucci MG, Apone F. A Triticum vulgare Extract Exhibits Regenerating Activity During the Wound Healing Process. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:21-30. [PMID: 32021367 PMCID: PMC6969697 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s216391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic skin lesions represent a problem of increasing occurrence, mostly due to the global ageing of the world population. Research in skin care and dermatology is constantly looking for new non-invasive solutions, preferably those based on the use of natural certified products, able to accelerate the spontaneous skin repair mechanisms and without altering the skin normal appearance and functionality. The wound healing process in the skin is finely regulated by several factors and orchestrated mechanisms, which modulate the progression and the fitting of different consequent phases, including haemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation and tissue remodelling. It was previously shown that a patented Triticum vulgare aqueous extract was able to trigger the skin repair process by stimulating new tissue growth and reducing the expression levels of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, TNFα, prostaglandin E2, and nitric oxide. Methods Scratch assay was performed in Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF). The production of fibronectin was measured by gene expression, protein quantification and localization using specific antibodies in HDF. The polymerization of actin was measured using rhodamin-phalloidin in HDF. The epidermal lipid content was estimated in HaCaT (human spontaneously immortalized keratinocytes) using Nile Red staining and the increasing GBA gene expression and activity was demonstrated by RT-PCR and enzymatic activity assay. Results In the present study, it was demonstrated that the T. vulgare extract enhanced cell migration inducing the synthesis of fibronectin, new actin polymerization and stimulating the expression of the Hyaluronan Synthase 2. Furthermore it improved the restoration of the epidermal barrier stimulating lipid synthesis. Conclusion In conclusion, we demonstrated that the T. vulgare extract possessed promising potential to be developed as a wound healing promoting agent in skin care and dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Apone
- Arterra Bioscience Srl, Naples, 80142, Italy.,VitaLab Srl, Naples, 80142, Italy
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Apone F, Barbulova A, Colucci MG. Plant and Microalgae Derived Peptides Are Advantageously Employed as Bioactive Compounds in Cosmetics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:756. [PMID: 31244874 PMCID: PMC6581726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BP) are specific protein fragments that are physiologically important for most living organisms. It is proven that in humans they are involved in a wide range of therapeutic activities as antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-tumoral, anti-proliferative, hypocholesterolemic, and anti-inflammatory. In plants, BP are involved in the defense response, as well as in the cellular signaling and the development regulation. Most of the peptides used as ingredients in health-promoting foods, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical preparations are obtained by chemical synthesis or by partial digestion of animal proteins. This makes them not fully accepted by the consumers because of the risks associated with solvent contamination or the use of animal derived substances. On the other hand, plant and microalgae derived peptides are known to be selective, effective, safe, and well tolerated once consumed, thus they have got a great potential for use in functional foods, drugs, and cosmetic products. In fact, the interest in the plant and microalgae derived BP is rapidly increasing and in this review, we highlight and discuss the current knowledge about their studies and applications in the cosmetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Apone
- Arterra Bioscience srl, Naples, Italy
- Vitalab srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Ani Barbulova
- Arterra Bioscience srl, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ani Barbulova,
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