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Wilson BJ, Owston HE, Iqbal N, Giannoudis PV, McGonagle D, Pandit H, Philipose Pampadykandathil L, Jones E, Ganguly P. In Vitro Osteogenesis Study of Shell Nacre Cement with Older and Young Donor Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:143. [PMID: 38391629 PMCID: PMC10886325 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone void-filling cements are one of the preferred materials for managing irregular bone voids, particularly in the geriatric population who undergo many orthopedic surgeries. However, bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) of older-age donors often exhibit reduced osteogenic capacity. Hence, it is crucial to evaluate candidate bone substitute materials with BM-MSCs from the geriatric population to determine the true osteogenic potential, thus simulating the clinical situation. With this concept, we investigated the osteogenic potential of shell nacre cement (SNC), a bone void-filling cement based on shell nacre powder and ladder-structured siloxane methacrylate, using older donor BM-MSCs (age > 55 years) and young donor BM-MSCs (age < 30 years). Direct and indirect cytotoxicity studies conducted with human BM-MSCs confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of SNC. The standard colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay and population doubling (PD) time assays revealed a significant reduction in the proliferation potential (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05) in older donor BM-MSCs compared to young donor BM-MSCs. Correspondingly, older donor BM-MSCs contained higher proportions of senescent, β-galactosidase (SA-β gal)-positive cells (nearly 2-fold, p < 0.001). In contrast, the proliferation capacity of older donor BM-MSCs, measured as the area density of CellTrackerTM green positive cells, was similar to that of young donor BM-MSCs following a 7-day culture on SNC. Furthermore, after 14 days of osteoinduction on SNC, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) showed that the amount of calcium and phosphorus deposited by young and older donor BM-MSCs on SNC was comparable. A similar trend was observed in the expression of the osteogenesis-related genes BMP2, RUNX2, ALP, COL1A1, OMD and SPARC. Overall, the results of this study indicated that SNC would be a promising candidate for managing bone voids in all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Jeyatha Wilson
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
| | - Heather Elizabeth Owston
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
| | - Neelam Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
- Leeds Orthopaedic & Trauma Sciences, Leeds General Infirmary, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Lizymol Philipose Pampadykandathil
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
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Handke M, Rakow A, Singer D, Miebach L, Schulze F, Bekeschus S, Schoon J, Wassilew GI. Bone marrow from periacetabular osteotomies as a novel source for human mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:315. [PMID: 37924114 PMCID: PMC10625289 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are used in regenerative medicine and related research involving immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and regenerative functions. Isolation of BM-MSCs from samples obtained during total hip arthroplasty (THA) is routinely possible. Advanced age and comorbidities of the majority of patients undergoing THA limit their applicability. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential of bone marrow obtained during periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) as a novel source of BM-MSCs from young donors by analyzing cell yield and cell characteristics. METHODS Bone samples were obtained from the anterior Os ilium or superior Os pubis during PAO and from the femoral cavity during primary THA. Isolation of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) was performed by density gradient centrifugation. The samples from PAO and THA patients were compared in terms of BM-MSC yield, colony formation and the proportion of BM-MSCs within the BM-MNC population using flow cytometry analysis. The cells were characterized based on the expression of BM-MSC-specific surface markers. The functionality of the cells was compared by quantifying post-thaw viability, metabolic activity, proliferation capacity, senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SA-β-gal) expression, trilineage differentiation potential and major secretome proteins. RESULTS Isolation of BM-MNCs was possible in a reliable and reproducible manner when using bone from PAO containing more than 0.24 g bone marrow. PAO patients were younger than patients of the THA group. Bone obtained during PAO contained less bone marrow and led to a lower BM-MSC number after the first cell culture passage compared to BM-MSCs obtained during THA. BM-MSCs from PAO samples are characterized by a higher proliferation capacity. This results in a higher yield in cell culture passage two, when normalized to the sample weight. BM-MSCs from PAO patients showed increased secretion of TGF-β1, TIMP2, and VEGF upon osteogenic differentiation. BM-MSCs from PAO and THA patients revealed similar results regarding the onset of SA-β-gal expression and trilineage differentiation capacity. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that bone obtained during PAO is a promising novel source for BM-MSCs from young donors. Limited absolute cell yield due to low sample weight must be considered in early cell culture passages and might be critical for the range of clinical applications possible for BM-MSCs from this source. The higher proliferation capacity and increased growth factor secretion of BM-MSCs from young donors may be beneficial for future regenerative cell therapies, in vitro models, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Handke
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anastasia Rakow
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Debora Singer
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix- Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix- Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Schulze
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix- Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janosch Schoon
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Georgi I Wassilew
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Tsitlakidis S, Hohenbild F, Saur M, Moghaddam A, Kunisch E, Renkawitz T, Gonzalo de Juan I, Westhauser F. Reduced Sodium Portions Favor Osteogenic Properties and Cytocompatibility of 45S5-Based Bioactive Glass Particles. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:472. [PMID: 37887603 PMCID: PMC10604502 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its favorable biological properties, the release of sodium (Na) from the well-known 45S5-bioactive glass (BG) composition (in mol%: 46.1, SiO2, 24.5 CaO, 24.5 Na2O, 6.0 P2O5) can hamper its cytocompatibility. In this study, particles of Na-reduced variants of 45S5-BG were produced in exchange for CaO and P2O5 via the sol-gel-route resulting in Na contents of 75%, 50%, 25% or 0% of the original composition. The release of ions from the BGs as well as their impact on the cell environment (pH values), viability and osteogenic differentiation (activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin in human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in correlation to the Na-content and ion release of the BGs was assessed. The release of Na-ions increased with increasing Na-content in the BGs. With decreasing Na content, the viability of cells incubated with the BGs increased. The Na-reduced BGs showed elevated ALP activity and a pro-osteogenic stimulation with accelerated osteopontin induction and a pronounced upregulation of osteocalcin. In conclusion, the reduction in Na-content enhances the cytocompatibility and improves the osteogenic properties of 45S5-BG, making the Na-reduced variants of 45S5-BG promising candidates for further experimental consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Tsitlakidis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.T.); (M.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Frederike Hohenbild
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.T.); (M.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Merve Saur
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.T.); (M.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- PrivatÄrztliches Zentrum Aschaffenburg, Frohsinnstraße 12, 63739 Aschaffenburg, Germany;
| | - Elke Kunisch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.T.); (M.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Tobias Renkawitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.T.); (M.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Isabel Gonzalo de Juan
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fabian Westhauser
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.T.); (M.S.); (E.K.)
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Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Pulcini F, Santacroce C, Sorice M, Delle Monache S, Mattei V. Gangliosides and Their Role in Multilineage Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123112. [PMID: 36551867 PMCID: PMC9775755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are a glycolipid class present on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) surfaces with a critical appearance role in stem cell differentiation, even though their mechanistic role in signaling and differentiation remains largely unknown. This review aims to carry out a critical analysis of the predictive role of gangliosides as specific markers of the cellular state of undifferentiated and differentiated MSCs, towards the osteogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic, and adipogenic lineage. For this reason, we analyzed the role of GGs during multilineage differentiation processes of several types of MSCs such as Umbilical Cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs), Bone Marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), Dental Pulp derived MSCs (DPSCs), and Adipose derived MSCs (ADSCs). Moreover, we examined the possible role of GGs as specific cell surface markers to identify or isolate specific stem cell isotypes and their potential use as additional markers for quality control of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (V.M.)
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Ganguly P, Fiz N, Beitia M, Owston HE, Delgado D, Jones E, Sánchez M. Effect of Combined Intraosseous and Intraarticular Infiltrations of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma on Subchondral Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133891. [PMID: 35807175 PMCID: PMC9267269 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts its patients and is closely associated with advancing age and senescence. Treatment with autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a novel approach that is increasingly being researched for its effects. Subchondral bone mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key progenitors that form bone and cartilage lineages that are affected in OA. This study investigated the changes in subchondral bone MSCs before and after combined intraosseous (IO) and intraarticular (IA) PRP infiltration. Patient bone marrow aspirates were collected from 12 patients (four male, eight female) aged 40–86 years old (median 59.5). MSCs were expanded in standard media containing human serum to passage 1 and analysed for their colony-forming potential, senescence status, and gene expression. Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) at baseline and 6 months post second infiltration were used to assess the clinical outcomes; seven patients were considered responders and five non-responders. The number of colony-forming MSCs did not increase in the post treatment group, however, they demonstrated significantly higher colony areas (14.5% higher compared to Pre) indicative of enhanced proliferative capacity, especially in older donors (28.2% higher). Senescence assays also suggest that older patients and responders had a higher resistance to senescent cell accumulation. Responder and non-responder MSCs tended to differ in the expression of genes associated with bone formation and cartilage turnover including osteoblast markers, matrix metalloproteinases, and their inhibitors. Taken together, our data show that in hip OA patients, combined IO and IA PRP infiltrations enhanced subchondral MSC proliferative and stress-resistance capacities, particularly in older patients. Future investigation of the potential anti-ageing effect of PRP infiltrations and the use of next-generation sequencing would contribute towards better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with OA in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK; (P.G.); (H.E.O.)
| | - Nicolás Fiz
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Maider Beitia
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Heather E. Owston
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK; (P.G.); (H.E.O.)
| | - Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK; (P.G.); (H.E.O.)
- Correspondence: (E.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (E.J.); (M.S.)
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Purwaningrum M, Jamilah NS, Purbantoro SD, Sawangmake C, Nantavisai S. Comparative characteristic study from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e74. [PMID: 34697921 PMCID: PMC8636658 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has been extensively investigated and proffered to be a potential platform for novel tissue regeneration. The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources has been widely explored and compared. In this regard, MSCs derived from bone marrow have been proposed and described as a promising cell resource due to their high yield of isolated cells with colony-forming potential, self-renewal capacity, MSC surface marker expression, and multi-lineage differentiation capacities in vitro. However, there is evidence for bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) both in vitro and in vivo from different species presenting identical and distinct potential stemness characteristics. In this review, the fundamental knowledge of the growth kinetics and stemness properties of BM-MSCs in different animal species and humans are compared and summarized. Finally, to provide a full perspective, this review will procure results of current information studies focusing on the use of BM-MSCs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medania Purwaningrum
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Syarifah Jamilah
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Steven Dwi Purbantoro
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Nantavisai
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Buser Z, Hsieh P, Meisel HJ, Skelly AC, Brodt ED, Brodke DS, Park JB, Yoon ST, Wang J. Use of Autologous Stem Cells in Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Systematic Review of Current Clinical Evidence. Global Spine J 2021; 11:1281-1298. [PMID: 33203241 PMCID: PMC8453670 DOI: 10.1177/2192568220973190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. OBJECTIVES To systematically review, critically appraise and synthesize evidence on use of autologous stem cells sources for fusion in the lumbar spine. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov through February 20, 2020 was conducted comparing autologous cell grafts to other biologics for lumbar spine fusion. The focus was on studies comparing distinct patient groups. RESULTS From 343 potentially relevant citations, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria set a priori. Seven studies compared distinct patient groups, with BMA being used in combination with allograft or autograft not as a standalone material. No economic evaluations were identified. Most observational studies were at moderately high risk of bias. When used for primary lumbar fusion, no statistical differences in outcomes or complications were seen between BMA+autograft/or +allograft compared to autograft/allograft alone. Compared with allograft, data from a RCT suggested statistically better fusion and lower complication rates with concentrated BMA+allograft. When used in revisions, no differences in outcomes were seen between BMA+allograft and either autograft or rh-BMP-2 but fusion rates were lower with BMA+allograft, leading to additional revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS There was substantial heterogeneity across studies in patient populations, sample size, biologic combinations, and surgical characteristics making direct comparisons difficult. The overall quality of evidence for fusion rates and the safety of BMA in lumbar fusion procedures was considered very low, with studies being at moderately high or high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Buser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, USA,Zorica Buser, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo St., HC4-5400A, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Patrick Hsieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Darrel S. Brodke
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake, UT, USA
| | - Jong-Beom Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Uijongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Uijongbu, Korea
| | - S. Tim Yoon
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory Spine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, USA
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Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Autologous Therapy for Osteonecrosis: Effects of Age and Underlying Causes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8050069. [PMID: 34067727 PMCID: PMC8156020 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a reliable source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have been successfully used for treating osteonecrosis. Considering the functional advantages of BM-MSCs as bone and cartilage reparatory cells and supporting angiogenesis, several donor-related factors are also essential to consider when autologous BM-MSCs are used for such regenerative therapies. Aging is one of several factors contributing to the donor-related variability and found to be associated with a reduction of BM-MSC numbers. However, even within the same age group, other factors affecting MSC quantity and function remain incompletely understood. For patients with osteonecrosis, several underlying factors have been linked to the decrease of the proliferation of BM-MSCs as well as the impairment of their differentiation, migration, angiogenesis-support and immunoregulatory functions. This review discusses the quality and quantity of BM-MSCs in relation to the etiological conditions of osteonecrosis such as sickle cell disease, Gaucher disease, alcohol, corticosteroids, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, diabetes, chronic renal disease and chemotherapy. A clear understanding of the regenerative potential of BM-MSCs is essential to optimize the cellular therapy of osteonecrosis and other bone damage conditions.
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Russell T, Watad A, Bridgewood C, Rowe H, Khan A, Rao A, Loughenbury P, Millner P, Dunsmuir R, Cuthbert R, Altaie A, Jones E, McGonagle D. IL-17A and TNF Modulate Normal Human Spinal Entheseal Bone and Soft Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis, Adipogenesis, and Stromal Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020341. [PMID: 33562025 PMCID: PMC7915379 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The spondylarthritides (SpA) are intimately linked to new bone formation and IL-17A and TNF pathways. We investigated spinal soft tissue and bone mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) responses to IL-17A and TNF, including their osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and stromal supportive function and ability to support lymphocyte recruitment. Methods: Normal spinal peri-entheseal bone (PEB) and entheseal soft tissue (EST) were characterized for MSCs by immunophenotypic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation criteria. Functional and gene transcriptomic analysis was carried out on undifferentiated, adipo- differentiated, and osteo-differentiated MSCs. The enthesis C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 20-C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 6 (CCL20-CCR6) axis was investigated at transcript and protein levels to ascertain whether entheseal MSCs influence local immune cell populations. Results: Cultured MSCs from both PEB and EST displayed a tri-lineage differentiation ability. EST MSCs exhibited 4.9-fold greater adipogenesis (p < 0.001) and a 3-fold lower osteogenic capacity (p < 0.05). IL-17A induced greater osteogenesis in PEB MSCs compared to EST MSCs. IL-17A suppressed adipogenic differentiation, with a significant decrease in fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), Cell Death Inducing DFFA Like Effector C (CIDEC), and Perilipin-1 (PLIN1). IL-17A significantly increased the CCL20 transcript (p < 0.01) and protein expression (p < 0.001) in MSCs supporting a role in type 17 lymphocyte recruitment. Conclusions: Normal spinal enthesis harbors resident MSCs with different in vitro functionalities in bone and soft tissue, especially in response to IL-17A, which enhanced osteogenesis and CCL20 production and reduced adipogenesis compared to unstimulated MSCs. This MSC-stromal-enthesis immune system may be a hitherto unappreciated mechanism of “fine tuning” tissue repair responses at the enthesis in health and could be relevant for SpA understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Russell
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine “B”, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Charlie Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Hannah Rowe
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Almas Khan
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Abhay Rao
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Peter Loughenbury
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Peter Millner
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Robert Dunsmuir
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Ala Altaie
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44(0)-113-392-4747
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10
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Quantification and Comprehensive Analysis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone Marrow Samples from Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Osteonecrosis. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8841191. [PMID: 33299424 PMCID: PMC7710439 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8841191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) for the treatment of osteonecrosis in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients is increasing. However, convenient BM-MSC quantification and functional property assays are critical factors for cell-based therapies yet to be optimized. This study was designed to quantify the MSC population in bone marrow (BM) samples from SCD patients with osteonecrosis (SCD group) and patients with osteoarticular complications not related to SCD (NS group), using flow cytometry for CD271+CD45-/low cell phenotype and CFU-F assay. We also compared expanded BM-MSC osteogenic differentiation, migration, and cytokine secretion potential between these groups. The mean total cell number, CFU-F count, and CD271+CD45-/low cells in BM mononuclear concentrate were significantly higher in SCD than in NS patients. A significant correlation between CD271+CD45-/low cell number and CFU-F counts was found in SCD (r = 0.7483; p = 0.0070) and NS (r = 0.7167; p = 0.0370) BM concentrates. An age-related quantitative reduction of CFU-F counts and CD271+CD45-/low cell number was noted. Furthermore, no significant differences in the morphology, replicative capacity, expression of surface markers, multidifferentiation potential, and secretion of cytokines were found in expanded BM-MSCs from SCD and NS groups after in vitro culturing. Collectively, this work provides important data for the suitable measurement and expansion of BM-MSC in support to advanced cell-based therapies for SCD patients with osteonecrosis.
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11
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Vertebral Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Osteoporotic and Healthy Patients Possess Similar Differentiation Properties In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218309. [PMID: 33167522 PMCID: PMC7663957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and an increased risk of fractures. Although several cellular players leading to osteoporosis have been identified, the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is still not fully elaborated. The aim of this study was, therefore, to isolate and characterize MSCs from vertebral body of healthy non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic patients, with a particular focus on their osteogenic differentiation potential. Isolated MSCs were characterized by their osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, as well as surface marker expression, proliferation behavior, and immunomodulatory capacity. The mineralization process was confirmed using Alizarin Red S and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) stains and further evaluated by determining ALP activity, mineral deposition, and free phosphate ion release. MSCs from both healthy and osteoporotic patients showed common fibroblast-like morphology and similar proliferation behavior. They expressed the typical MSC surface markers and possessed immunomodulatory capacity. Both groups demonstrated solid trilineage differentiation potential; osteogenic differentiation was further confirmed by increased ALP activity, deposition of inorganic crystals, phosphate ion release, and expression of osteoblast marker genes. Overall, MSCs from osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients showed neither a difference in general MSC features nor in the detailed analysis regarding osteogenic differentiation. These data suggest that vertebral body MSCs from osteoporotic patients were not impaired; rather, they possessed full osteogenic potential compared to MSCs from non-osteoporotic patients.
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12
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The osteogenic commitment of CD271+CD56+ bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in osteoarthritic femoral head bone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11145. [PMID: 32636407 PMCID: PMC7341749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder, is characterised by progressive structural changes in both the cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. In late disease stages, subchondral bone sclerosis has been linked to heightened osteogenic commitment of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). This study utilised cell sorting and immunohistochemistry to identify a phenotypically-distinct, osteogenically-committed BMSC subset in human OA trabecular bone. Femoral head trabecular bone tissue digests were sorted into CD45-CD271+CD56+CD146-, CD45-CD271+CD56-CD146+ and CD45-CD271+CD56-CD146-(termed double-negative, DN) subsets, and CD45+CD271-hematopoietic-lineage cells served as control. Compared to the CD146+ subset, the CD56+ subset possessed a lower-level expression of adipocyte-associated genes and significantly over 100-fold higher-level expression of many osteoblast-related genes including osteopontin and osteocalcin, whilst the DN subset presented a transcriptionally ‘intermediate’ BMSC population. All subsets were tri-potential following culture-expansion and were present in control non-OA trabecular bone. However, while in non-OA bone CD56+ cells only localised on the bone surface, in OA bone they were additionally present in the areas of new bone formation rich in osteoblasts and newly-embedded osteocytes. In summary, this study reveals a distinct osteogenically-committed CD271+CD56+ BMSC subset and implicates it in subchondral bone sclerosis in hip OA. CD271+CD56+ subset may represent a future therapeutic target for OA and other bone-associated pathologies.
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13
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Frapin L, Clouet J, Chédeville C, Moraru C, Samarut E, Henry N, André M, Bord E, Halgand B, Lesoeur J, Fusellier M, Guicheux J, Le Visage C. Controlled release of biological factors for endogenous progenitor cell migration and intervertebral disc extracellular matrix remodelling. Biomaterials 2020; 253:120107. [PMID: 32450408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent description of resident stem/progenitor cells in degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) supports the notion that their regenerative capacities could be harnessed to stimulate endogenous repair of the nucleus pulposus (NP). In this study, we developed a delivery system based on pullulan microbeads (PMBs) for sequential release of the chemokine CCL-5 to recruit these disc stem/progenitor cells to the NP tissue, followed by the release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and GDF-5 to induce the synthesis of a collagen type II- and aggrecan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). Bioactivity of released CCL5 on human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), selected to mimic disc stem/progenitors, was demonstrated using a Transwell® chemotaxis assay. The regenerative effects of loaded PMBs were investigated in ex vivo spontaneously degenerated ovine IVDs. Fluorescent hASCs were seeded on the top cartilaginous endplates (CEPs); the degenerated NPs were injected with PMBs loaded with CCL5, TGF-β1, and GDF-5; and the IVDs were then cultured for 3, 7, and 28 days to allow for cell migration and disc regeneration. The PMBs exhibited sustained release of biological factors for 21 days. Ex vivo migration of seeded hASCs from the CEP toward the NP was demonstrated, with the cells migrating a significantly greater distance when loaded PMBs were injected (5.8 ± 1.3 mm vs. 3.5 ± 1.8 mm with no injection of PMBs). In ovine IVDs, the overall NP cellularity, the collagen type II and the aggrecan staining intensities, and the Tie2+ progenitor cell density in the NP were increased at day 28 compared to the control groups. Considered together, PMBs loaded with CCL5/TGF-β1/GDF-5 constitute an innovative and promising strategy for controlled release of growth factors to promote cell recruitment and extracellular matrix remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Frapin
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France
| | - Johann Clouet
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Pharmacie Centrale, PHU 11, Nantes, F-44093, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Nantes, F-44035, France
| | - Claire Chédeville
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France
| | - Constantin Moraru
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Neurotraumatologie, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Edouard Samarut
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Neurotraumatologie, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Nina Henry
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France
| | - Manon André
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; SC3M -"Electron Microscopy, Microcharacterization, and Functional Morphohistology Imaging" Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, INSERM - UMS016, CNRS 3556, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, Nantes, F-04402, France
| | - Eric Bord
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Neurotraumatologie, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Boris Halgand
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Julie Lesoeur
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; SC3M -"Electron Microscopy, Microcharacterization, and Functional Morphohistology Imaging" Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, INSERM - UMS016, CNRS 3556, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, Nantes, F-04402, France
| | - Marion Fusellier
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, CRIP, National Veterinary School (ONIRIS), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; SC3M -"Electron Microscopy, Microcharacterization, and Functional Morphohistology Imaging" Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, INSERM - UMS016, CNRS 3556, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, Nantes, F-04402, France; CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France.
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France.
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14
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Buchheit T, Huh Y, Maixner W, Cheng J, Ji RR. Neuroimmune modulation of pain and regenerative pain medicine. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2164-2176. [PMID: 32250346 PMCID: PMC7190995 DOI: 10.1172/jci134439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative pain medicine, which seeks to harness the body's own reparative capacity, is rapidly emerging as a field within pain medicine and orthopedics. It is increasingly appreciated that common analgesic mechanisms for these treatments depend on neuroimmune modulation. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in mechanistic understanding of nociceptive sensitization in chronic pain with a focus on neuroimmune modulation. We also examine the spectrum of regenerative outcomes, including preclinical and clinical outcomes. We further distinguish the analgesic mechanisms of regenerative therapies from those of cellular replacement, creating a conceptual and mechanistic framework to evaluate future research on regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buchheit
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Anesthesiology Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yul Huh
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Maixner
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- Departments of Pain Management and Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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15
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El-Jawhari JJ, Kleftouris G, El-Sherbiny Y, Saleeb H, West RM, Jones E, Giannoudis PV. Defective Proliferation and Osteogenic Potential with Altered Immunoregulatory phenotype of Native Bone marrow-Multipotential Stromal Cells in Atrophic Fracture Non-Union. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17340. [PMID: 31758052 PMCID: PMC6874596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-Multipotential stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are increasingly used to treat complicated fracture healing e.g., non-union. Though, the quality of these autologous cells is not well characterized. We aimed to evaluate bone healing-related capacities of non-union BM-MSCs. Iliac crest-BM was aspirated from long-bone fracture patients with normal healing (U) or non-united (NU). Uncultured (native) CD271highCD45low cells or passage-zero cultured BM-MSCs were analyzed for gene expression levels, and functional assays were conducted using culture-expanded BM-MSCs. Blood samples were analyzed for serum cytokine levels. Uncultured NU-CD271highCD45low cells significantly expressed fewer transcripts of growth factor receptors, EGFR, FGFR1, and FGRF2 than U cells. Significant fewer transcripts of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), osteocalcin (BGLAP), osteonectin (SPARC) and osteopontin (SPP1) were detected in NU-CD271highCD45low cells. Additionally, immunoregulation-related markers were differentially expressed between NU- and U-CD271highCD45low cells. Interestingly, passage-zero NU BM-MSCs showed low expression of immunosuppressive mediators. However, culture-expanded NU and U BM-MSCs exhibited comparable proliferation, osteogenesis, and immunosuppression. Serum cytokine levels were found similar for NU and U groups. Collectively, native NU-BM-MSCs seemed to have low proliferative and osteogenic capacities; therefore, enhancing their quality should be considered for regenerative therapies. Further research on distorted immunoregulatory molecules expression in BM-MSCs could potentially benefit the prediction of complicated fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK. .,Clinical pathology department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - George Kleftouris
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Leeds General Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yasser El-Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Clinical pathology department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hany Saleeb
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Leeds General Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert M West
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Leeds General Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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16
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Colony Formation, Migratory, and Differentiation Characteristics of Multipotential Stromal Cells (MSCs) from "Clinically Accessible" Human Periosteum Compared to Donor-Matched Bone Marrow MSCs. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6074245. [PMID: 31871468 PMCID: PMC6906873 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6074245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periosteum is vital for fracture healing, as a highly vascular and multipotential stromal cell- (MSC-) rich tissue. During surgical bone reconstruction, small fragments of periosteum can be “clinically accessible,” yet periosteum is currently not ultilised, unlike autologous bone marrow (BM) aspirate. This study is aimed at comparing human periosteum and donor-matched iliac crest BM MSC content and characterising MSCs in terms of colony formation, growth kinetics, phenotype, cell migration patterns, and trilineage differentiation capacity. “Clinically accessible” periosteum had an intact outer fibrous layer, containing CD271+ candidate MSCs located perivasculary; the inner cambium was rarely present. Following enzymatic release of cells, periosteum formed significantly smaller fibroblastic colonies compared to BM (6.1 mm2 vs. 15.5 mm2, n = 4, P = 0.0006). Periosteal colonies were more homogenous in size (range 2-30 mm2 vs. 2-54 mm2) and on average 2500-fold more frequent (2.0% vs. 0.0008%, n = 10, P = 0.004) relative to total viable cells. When expanded in vitro, similar growth rates up to passage 0 (P0) were seen (1.8 population doublings (PDs) per day (periosteum), 1.6 PDs per day (BM)); however, subsequently BM MSCs proliferated significantly slower by P4 (4.3 PDs per day (periosteum) vs. 9.3 PDs per day (BM), n = 9, P = 0.02). In early culture, periosteum cells were less migratory at slower speeds than BM cells. Both MSC types exhibited MSC phenotype and trilineage differentiation capacity; however, periosteum MSCs showed significantly lower (2.7-fold) adipogenic potential based on Nile red : DAPI ratios with reduced expression of adipogenesis-related transcripts PPAR-γ. Altogether, these data revealed that “clinically accessible” periosteal samples represent a consistently rich source of highly proliferative MSCs compared to donor-matched BM, which importantly show similar osteochondral capacity and lower adipogenic potential. Live cell tracking allowed determination of unique morphological and migration characteristics of periosteal MSCs that can be used for the development of novel bone graft substitutes to be preferentially repopulated by these cells.
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17
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The Analysis of In Vivo Aging in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using Colony-Forming Unit-Fibroblast Assay and the CD45 lowCD271 + Phenotype. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5197983. [PMID: 31467563 PMCID: PMC6701348 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5197983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncultured mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used in therapies; however, the effects of donor age on their biological characteristics and gene expression remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related changes in bone marrow (BM) MSCs following minimal or no culture manipulation. Iliac crest BM was aspirated from 67 healthy donors (19-89 years old) and directly used for the colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay or CD45lowCD271+ cell enumeration. The colonies were analysed for colony area and integrated density (ID) when grown in standard MSC media or media supplemented with human serum from young (YS) or old (OS) donors. There was a notable age-related decline in the number of MSCs per millilitre of BM aspirate revealed by the CFU-F assay (r = −0.527, p < 0.0001) or flow cytometry (r = −0.307, p = 0.0116). Compared to young donors (19-40 years old), colony IDs were significantly lower in older donors (61-89 years old), particularly for smaller-sized colonies (42% lower, p < 0.01). When cultured in media supplemented with OS, young and old donor MSCs formed colonies with lower IDs, by 21%, p < 0.0001, and 27%, p < 0.05, respectively, indicating the formation of smaller sparser colonies. No significant differences in the expression of selected adipogenic, osteogenic, stromal, and bone remodelling genes as well as CD295, CD146, CD106, and connexin 43 surface molecules were found in sorted CD45lowCD271+ MSCs from young and old donors (n = 8 donors each). Altogether, these results show similar trends for age-related decline in BM MSC numbers measured by the CFU-F assay and flow cytometry and reveal age-related effects of human serum on MSC colony formation. No significant differences in selected gene expression in uncultured CD45lowCD271+ MSCs suggest that old donor MSCs may not be inferior in regard to their multipotential functions. Due to large donor-to-donor variation in all donor groups, our data indicate that an individual's chronological age is not a reliable predictor of their MSC number or potency.
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Phenotypic Characterization of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Derived Stromal Cell Populations from Human Iliac Crest, Vertebral Body and Femoral Head. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143454. [PMID: 31337109 PMCID: PMC6678175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) In vitro, bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) demonstrate inter-donor phenotypic variability, which presents challenges for the development of regenerative therapies. Here, we investigated whether the frequency of putative BMSC sub-populations within the freshly isolated mononuclear cell fraction of bone marrow is phenotypically predictive for the in vitro derived stromal cell culture. (2) Vertebral body, iliac crest, and femoral head bone marrow were acquired from 33 patients (10 female and 23 male, age range 14–91). BMSC sub-populations were identified within freshly isolated mononuclear cell fractions based on cell-surface marker profiles. Stromal cells were expanded in monolayer on tissue culture plastic. Phenotypic assessment of in vitro derived cell cultures was performed by examining growth kinetics, chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. (3) Gender, donor age, and anatomical site were neither predictive for the total yield nor the population doubling time of in vitro derived BMSC cultures. The abundance of freshly isolated progenitor sub-populations (CD45−CD34−CD73+, CD45−CD34−CD146+, NG2+CD146+) was not phenotypically predictive of derived stromal cell cultures in terms of growth kinetics nor plasticity. BMSCs derived from iliac crest and vertebral body bone marrow were more responsive to chondrogenic induction, forming superior cartilaginous tissue in vitro, compared to those isolated from femoral head. (4) The identification of discrete progenitor populations in bone marrow by current cell-surface marker profiling is not predictive for subsequently derived in vitro BMSC cultures. Overall, the iliac crest and the vertebral body offer a more reliable tissue source of stromal progenitor cells for cartilage repair strategies compared to femoral head.
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Wangler S, Menzel U, Li Z, Ma J, Hoppe S, Benneker LM, Alini M, Grad S, Peroglio M. CD146/MCAM distinguishes stem cell subpopulations with distinct migration and regenerative potential in degenerative intervertebral discs. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1094-1105. [PMID: 31002939 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) subpopulation migrating towards a degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) and to assess its regenerative potential. DESIGN Based on initial screening for migration towards C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), the migration potential of CD146+ and CD146- mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was evaluated in vitro and in a degenerated organ culture model (degeneration by high-frequency loading in a bioreactor). Discogenic differentiation potential of CD146+ and CD146- MSCs was investigated by in vitro pellet culture assay with supplementation of growth and differentiation factor-6 (GDF6). Furthermore, trypsin degenerated IVDs were treated by either homing or injection of CD146+ or CD146- MSCs and glycosaminoglycan synthesis was evaluated by Sulphur 35 incorporation after 35 days of culture. RESULTS Surface expression of CD146 led to a higher number of migrated MSCs both in vitro and in organ culture. CD146+ and CD146- pellets responded with a similar up-regulation of anabolic markers. A higher production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG)/DNA was observed for CD146+ pellets, while in organ cultures, sGAG synthesis rate was higher for IVDs treated with CD146- MSCs by either homing or injection. CONCLUSIONS The CD146+ MSC subpopulation held greater migration potential towards degenerative IVDs, while the CD146- cells induced a stronger regenerative response in the resident IVD cells. These findings were independent of the application route (injection vs migration). From a translational point of view, our data suggests that CD146+ MSCs may be suitable for re-population, while CD146- MSCs may represent the primary choice for stimulation of endogenous IVD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wangler
- AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - U Menzel
- AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Z Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland.
| | - J Ma
- AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland.
| | - S Hoppe
- Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - M Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland.
| | - S Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland.
| | - M Peroglio
- AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland.
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