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Li L, Zhu Y, Wu F, Shen Y, Wang Y, Höfer J, Pozzolini M, Wang M, Xiao L, Dai X. Microbial Diversity and Screening for Potential Pathogens and Beneficial Bacteria of Five Jellyfish Species-Associated Microorganisms Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing. Pol J Microbiol 2024; 73:297-314. [PMID: 39214712 PMCID: PMC11398266 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2024-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish, microorganisms, and the marine environment collectively shape a complex ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze the microbial communities associated with five jellyfish species, exploring their composition, diversity, and relationships. Microbial diversity among the species was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and QIIME analysis. Significant differences in bacterial composition were found, with distinct dominant taxa in each species: Mycoplasmataceae (99.21%) in Aurelia coerulea, Sphingomonadaceae (22.81%) in Cassiopea andromeda, Alphaproteobacteria_unclassified (family level) (64.09%) in Chrysaora quinquecirrha, Parcubacteria_unclassified (family level) (93.11%) in Phacellophora camtschatica, and Chlamydiaceae (35.05%) and Alphaproteobacteria_unclassified (family level) (38.73%) in Rhopilema esculentum. C. andromeda showed the highest diversity, while A. coerulea exhibited the lowest. Correlations among dominant genera varied, including a positive correlation between Parcubacteria_unclassified (genus level) and Chlamydiaceae_unclassified (genus level). Genes were enriched in metabolic pathways and ABC transporters. The most abundant potential pathogens at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Chlamydiae, and Epsilonbacteraeota. The differing microbial compositions are likely influenced by species and their habitats. Interactions between jellyfish and microorganisms, as well as among microorganisms, showed interdependency or antagonism. Most microbial gene functions focused on metabolic pathways, warranting further study on the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Li
- College of Marine Biological Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yina Zhu
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- College of Marine Biological Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Höfer
- Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, egión de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, Genova, Italy
| | - Mingke Wang
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Dai
- College of Marine Biological Resources and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Ohdera AH, Mansbridge M, Wang M, Naydenkov P, Kamel B, Goentoro L. The microbiome of a Pacific moon jellyfish Aurelia coerulea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298002. [PMID: 38635587 PMCID: PMC11025843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of microbiome in animal physiology is well appreciated, but characterization of animal-microbe symbiosis in marine environments remains a growing need. This study characterizes the microbial communities associated with the moon jellyfish Aurelia coerulea, first isolated from the East Pacific Ocean and has since been utilized as an experimental system. We find that the microbiome of this Pacific Aurelia culture is dominated by two taxa, a Mollicutes and Rickettsiales. The microbiome is stable across life stages, although composition varies. Mining the host sequencing data, we assembled the bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The bacterial MAGs are highly reduced, and predict a high metabolic dependence on the host. Analysis using multiple metrics suggest that both bacteria are likely new species. We therefore propose the names Ca. Mariplasma lunae (Mollicutes) and Ca. Marinirickettsia aquamalans (Rickettsiales). Finally, comparison with studies of Aurelia from other geographical populations suggests the association with Ca. Mariplasma lunae occurs in Aurelia from multiple geographical locations. The low-diversity microbiome of Aurelia provides a relatively simple system to study host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki H. Ohdera
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | | | - Matthew Wang
- Flintridge Preparatory School, La Cañada Flintridge, CA, United States of America
| | - Paulina Naydenkov
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Bishoy Kamel
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Lea Goentoro
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
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3
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Orel N, Fadeev E, Herndl GJ, Turk V, Tinta T. Recovering high-quality bacterial genomes from cross-contaminated cultures: a case study of marine Vibrio campbellii. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:146. [PMID: 38321410 PMCID: PMC10845552 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental monitoring of bacterial pathogens is critical for disease control in coastal marine ecosystems to maintain animal welfare and ecosystem function and to prevent significant economic losses. This requires accurate taxonomic identification of environmental bacterial pathogens, which often cannot be achieved by commonly used genetic markers (e.g., 16S rRNA gene), and an understanding of their pathogenic potential based on the information encoded in their genomes. The decreasing costs of whole genome sequencing (WGS), combined with newly developed bioinformatics tools, now make it possible to unravel the full potential of environmental pathogens, beyond traditional microbiological approaches. However, obtaining a high-quality bacterial genome, requires initial cultivation in an axenic culture, which is a bottleneck in environmental microbiology due to cross-contamination in the laboratory or isolation of non-axenic strains. RESULTS We applied WGS to determine the pathogenic potential of two Vibrio isolates from coastal seawater. During the analysis, we identified cross-contamination of one of the isolates and decided to use this dataset to evaluate the possibility of bioinformatic contaminant removal and recovery of bacterial genomes from a contaminated culture. Despite the contamination, using an appropriate bioinformatics workflow, we were able to obtain high quality and highly identical genomes (Average Nucleotide Identity value 99.98%) of one of the Vibrio isolates from both the axenic and the contaminated culture. Using the assembled genome, we were able to determine that this isolate belongs to a sub-lineage of Vibrio campbellii associated with several diseases in marine organisms. We also found that the genome of the isolate contains a novel Vibrio plasmid associated with bacterial defense mechanisms and horizontal gene transfer, which may offer a competitive advantage to this putative pathogen. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that, using state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools and a sufficient sequencing effort, it is possible to obtain high quality genomes of the bacteria of interest and perform in-depth genomic analyses even in the case of a contaminated culture. With the new isolate and its complete genome, we are providing new insights into the genomic characteristics and functional potential of this sub-lineage of V. campbellii. The approach described here also highlights the possibility of recovering complete bacterial genomes in the case of non-axenic cultures or obligatory co-cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Orel
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Eduard Fadeev
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Herndl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- NIOZ, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Turk
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Tinkara Tinta
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia.
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Peng S, Ye L, Li Y, Wang F, Sun T, Wang L, Zhao J, Dong Z. Metagenomic insights into jellyfish-associated microbiome dynamics during strobilation. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae036. [PMID: 38571744 PMCID: PMC10988111 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Host-associated microbiomes can play key roles in the metamorphosis of animals. Most scyphozoan jellyfish undergo strobilation in their life cycles, similar to metamorphosis in classic bilaterians. The exploration of jellyfish microbiomes may elucidate the ancestral mechanisms and evolutionary trajectories of metazoan-microbe associations and interactions during metamorphosis. However, current knowledge of the functional features of jellyfish microbiomes remains limited. Here, we performed a genome-centric analysis of associated microbiota across four successive life stages (polyp, early strobila, advanced strobila, and ephyra) during strobilation in the common jellyfish Aurelia coerulea. We observed shifts in taxonomic and functional diversity of microbiomes across distinct stages and proposed that the low microbial diversity in ephyra stage may be correlated with the high expression of the host-derived antimicrobial peptide aurelin. Furthermore, we recovered 43 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes and determined the nutritional potential of the dominant Vibrio members. Interestingly, we observed increased abundances of genes related to the biosynthesis of amino acids, vitamins, and cofactors, as well as carbon fixation during the loss of host feeding ability, indicating the functional potential of Aurelia-associated microbiota to support the synthesis of essential nutrients. We also identified several potential mechanisms by which jellyfish-associated microbes establish stage-specific community structures and maintain stable colonization in dynamic host environments, including eukaryotic-like protein production, bacterial secretion systems, restriction-modification systems, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas systems. Our study characterizes unique taxonomic and functional changes in jellyfish microbiomes during strobilation and provides foundations for uncovering the ancestral mechanism of host-microbe interactions during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijun Peng
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijing Ye
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yongxue Li
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fanghan Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Peng S, Ye L, Li Y, Wang F, Sun T, Wang L, Hao W, Zhao J, Dong Z. Microbiota regulates life-cycle transition and nematocyte dynamics in jellyfish. iScience 2023; 26:108444. [PMID: 38125018 PMCID: PMC10730743 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish represent one of the most basal animal groups with complex life cycles. The polyp-to-medusa transition, termed strobilation, is the pivotal process that determines the switch in swimming behavior and jellyfish blooms. Their microbiota plays an essential role in strobilation. Here, we investigated microbiota-mediated host phenotype dynamics during strobilation in the jellyfish Aurelia coerulea via antibiotic-induced microbiome alteration. Microbial depletion delayed the initiation of strobilation and resulted in fewer segments and ephyrae, which could be restored via microbial recolonization. Jellyfish-associated cyanobacteria, which were eliminated by antibiotics in the polyp stage, had the potential to supply retinal and trigger the retinoic acid signaling cascade, which drove the strobilation process. The microbiota regulated nematocyte development and differentiation, influencing the feeding and growth of the jellyfish. The findings improve our understanding of jellyfish-microbe interactions and provide new insights into the role of the microbiota in shaping feeding behavior through nematocyte dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijun Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijing Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yongxue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fanghan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Pereira TJ, Walters TL, El-Shaffey HM, Bik HM, Frischer ME. The microbiome of the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri: A potential link between the grazing and microbial food web. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6564-6579. [PMID: 35989550 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bloom-forming gelatinous zooplankton occur circumglobally and significantly influence the structure of pelagic marine food webs and biogeochemical cycling through interactions with microbial communities. During bloom conditions especially, gelatinous zooplankton are keystone taxa that help determine the fate of primary production, nutrient remineralization, and carbon export. Using the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri as a model system for gelatinous zooplankton, we carried out a laboratory-based feeding experiment to investigate the potential ecosystem impacts of doliolid gut microbiomes and microbial communities associated with doliolid faecal pellets and the surrounding seawater. Metabarcoding targeting Bacteria and Archaea 16S rRNA genes/Archaea) and qPCR approaches were used to characterize microbiome assemblages. Comparison between sample types revealed distinct patterns in microbial diversity and biomass that were replicable across experiments. These observations support the hypothesis that through their presence and trophic activity, doliolids influence the structure of pelagic food webs and biogeochemical cycling in subtropical continental shelf systems where tunicate blooms are common. Bacteria associated with starved doliolids (representative of the resident gut microbiome) possessed distinct low-biomass and low-diversity microbial assemblages, suggesting that the doliolid microbiome is optimized to support a detrital trophic mode. Bacterial genera Pseudoalteromomas and Shimia were the most abundant potential core microbiome taxa, similar to patterns observed in other marine invertebrates. Exploratory bioinformatic analyses of predicted functional genes suggest that doliolids, via their interactions with bacterial communities, may affect important biogeochemical processes including nitrogen, sulphur, and organic matter cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J Pereira
- Department of Marine Sciences and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Tina L Walters
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Hisham M El-Shaffey
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, Georgia, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holly M Bik
- Department of Marine Sciences and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Marc E Frischer
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, Georgia, USA
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De Domenico S, De Rinaldis G, Mammone M, Bosch-Belmar M, Piraino S, Leone A. The Zooxanthellate Jellyfish Holobiont Cassiopea andromeda, a Source of Soluble Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050272. [PMID: 37233466 DOI: 10.3390/md21050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassiopea andromeda (Forsskål, 1775), commonly found across the Indo-Pacific Ocean, the Red Sea, and now also in the warmest areas of the Mediterranean Sea, is a scyphozoan jellyfish that hosts autotrophic dinoflagellate symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae). Besides supplying photosynthates to their host, these microalgae are known to produce bioactive compounds as long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and pigments, including carotenoids, with antioxidant properties and other beneficial biological activities. By the present study, a fractionation method was applied on the hydroalcoholic extract from two main body parts (oral arms and umbrella) of the jellyfish holobiont to obtain an improved biochemical characterization of the obtained fractions from the two body parts. The composition of each fraction (i.e., proteins, phenols, fatty acids, and pigments) as well as the associated antioxidant activity were analyzed. The oral arms proved richer in zooxanthellae and pigments than the umbrella. The applied fractionation method was effective in separating pigments and fatty acids into a lipophilic fraction from proteins and pigment-protein complexes. Therefore, the C. andromeda-dinoflagellate holobiont might be considered as a promising natural source of multiple bioactive compounds produced through mixotrophic metabolism, which are of interest for a wide range of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Domenico
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca De Rinaldis
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-NANOTEC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Mammone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mar Bosch-Belmar
- Dipartimento Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Research Unit Lecce, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), S.c.a.r.l., 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Leone
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Research Unit Lecce, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), S.c.a.r.l., 90133 Palermo, Italy
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8
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Oppong-Danquah E, Miranda M, Blümel M, Tasdemir D. Bioactivity Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomics of Microbiota Associated with Mesopelagic Jellyfish Periphylla periphylla. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020129. [PMID: 36827170 PMCID: PMC9958851 DOI: 10.3390/md21020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine mesopelagic zone extends from water depths of 200 m to 1000 m and is home to a vast number and diversity of species. It is one of the least understood regions of the marine environment with untapped resources of pharmaceutical relevance. The mesopelagic jellyfish Periphylla periphylla is a well-known and widely distributed species in the mesopelagic zone; however, the diversity or the pharmaceutical potential of its cultivable microbiota has not been explored. In this study, we isolated microorganisms associated with the inner and outer umbrella of P. periphylla collected in Irminger Sea by a culture-dependent approach, and profiled their chemical composition and biological activities. Sixteen mostly gram-negative bacterial isolates were selected and subjected to an OSMAC cultivation regime approach using liquid and solid marine broth (MB) and glucose-yeast-malt (GYM) media. Their ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were assessed for cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity against fish and human pathogens. All, except one extract, displayed diverse levels of antimicrobial activities. Based on low IC50 values, four most bioactive gram-negative strains; Polaribacter sp. SU124, Shewanella sp. SU126, Psychrobacter sp. SU143 and Psychrobacter sp. SU137, were prioritized for an in-depth comparative and untargeted metabolomics analysis using feature-based molecular networking. Various chemical classes such as diketopiperazines, polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), bile acids and other lipids were putatively annotated, highlighting the biotechnological potential in P. periphylla-associated microbiota as well as gram-negative bacteria. This is the first study providing an insight into the cultivable bacterial community associated with the mesopelagic jellyfish P. periphylla and, indeed, the first to mine the metabolome and antimicrobial activities of these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Oppong-Danquah
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Miranda
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Blümel
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-6004430
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9
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Ramires FA, Bleve G, De Domenico S, Leone A. Combination of Solid State and Submerged Fermentation Strategies to Produce a New Jellyfish-Based Food. Foods 2022; 11:3974. [PMID: 36553715 PMCID: PMC9778331 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the set-up and optimization of a fermentation strategy applied to a composite raw material containing jellyfish biomass as the principal ingredient. New fermented food was developed by combining fresh jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo and the sequential solid-state submerged liquid fermentation method used in Asian countries for processing a high-salt-containing raw material. Aspergillus oryzae was used to drive the first fermentation, conducted in solid-state conditions, of a jellyfish-based product, here named Jelly paste. The second fermentation was performed by inoculating the Jelly paste with different selected bacteria and yeasts, leading to a final product named fermented Jellyfish paste. For the first time, a set of safety parameters necessary for monitoring and describing a jellyfish-based fermented food was established. The new fermented products obtained by the use of Debaryomyces hansenii BC T3-23 yeast strain and the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MS3 bacterial strain revealed desirable nutritional traits in terms of protein, lipids and total phenolic content, as well as valuable total antioxidant activity. The obtained final products also showed a complex enzyme profile rich in amylase, protease and lipase activities, thus making them characterized by unique composite sensory odor descriptors (umami, smoked, dried fruit, spices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Anna Ramires
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Unità Operativa di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bleve
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Unità Operativa di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania De Domenico
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Unità Operativa di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Campus Ecotekne, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Unità Operativa di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Local Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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10
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Optimization of a Calcium-Based Treatment Method for Jellyfish to Design Food for the Future. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172697. [PMID: 36076882 PMCID: PMC9455609 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible jellyfish are a traditional Southeast Asian food, usually prepared as a rehydrated product using a salt and alum mixture, whereas they are uncommon in Western Countries and considered as a novel food in Europe. Here, a recently developed, new approach for jellyfish processing and stabilization with calcium salt brining was upgraded by modifying the pre-treatment step of freshly caught jellyfish and successfully applied to several edible species. Treated jellyfish obtained by the application of the optimized version of this method respected both quality and safety parameters set by EU law, including no pathogenic microorganisms, absence or negligible levels of histamine and of total volatile basic nitrogen, no heavy metals; and the total bacterial, yeast, and mold counts were either negligible or undetectable. Jellyfish treated by the presented method exhibited unique protein content, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, antioxidant activity, and texture. The optimized method, initially set up on Rhiszostoma pulmo, was also successfully applied to other edible jellyfish species (such as Cotylorhiza tuberculata, Phyllorhiza punctata, and Rhopilema nomadica) present in the Mediterranean Sea. This study discloses an innovative process for the preparation of jellyfish-based food products for potential future distribution in Europe.
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11
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Yang F, Ye R, Ma C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Yang J, Höfer J, Zhu Y, Xiao L, Zhang J, Xu Y. Toxicity evaluation, toxin screening and its intervention of the jellyfish Phacellophora camtschatica based on a combined transcriptome-proteome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113315. [PMID: 35189521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of multi-omics technologies provides a new perspective to solve three main problems including species identification, toxin screening and effective antagonist conformation in the studies of marine toxic jellyfish. METHODS A series of transcriptome-proteome based analysis accompanied with toxicity evaluations were performed for the ornamental jellyfish Phacellophora camtschatica. RESULTS Through combined morphological observation and Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ (CO1) molecular alignment, the sample jellyfish was identified as P. camtschatica. A total of 25,747 unigenes and 3058 proteins were obtained from the successfully constructed transcriptome and proteome, in which 6869 (26.68%) and 6618 (25.70%) unigenes, as well as 2536 (82.93%) and 2844 (93.00%) proteins were annotated against the databases of Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), respectively. The jellyfish displayed obvious in vivo lethal effects with significant increases of multi-organ functional indexes as well as in vitro activities. Total of 62 toxins from 120 toxin-related unigenes were screened including 16 metalloproteases, 11 phospholipases and others. Moreover, 11 toxins were further screened by using the erythrocyte model, where the zinc metalloproteinase nas-15-like (1) was the most abundant. Finally, Diltiazem greatly improved the survival rate while EDTA slightly prolonged the survival time in ICR mice. CONCLUSION P. camtschatica is a poisonous jellyfish with diversified toxic components, in which metalloproteinase probably plays an important role in toxicities, and excessive Ca2+ entry may be the main mechanism of systemic lethal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ruiwei Ye
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yichao Wang
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmei Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jishun Yang
- Medical Insurance Center, Navy Medical Center, Navy Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Juan Höfer
- Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Yina Zhu
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Liang Xiao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yinghe Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China.
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12
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Feeding Behavior, Shrinking, and the Role of Mucus in the Cannonball Jellyfish Stomolophus sp. 2 in Captivity. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The importance of mucus produced by jellyfish species remains as understudied as their feeding behavior. Here, we study medusae under captivity, ascertain the role of mucus, and describe its feeding behavior. Between February and March 2019, live adult cannonball jellyfish, Stomolophus sp. 2, were collected in Las Guásimas Bay (Gulf of California, Mexico) and were offered fish eggs, mollusk “D” larvae, or Artemia nauplii in 4-day trials. Descriptions of feeding structures were provided for S. sp. 2. Digitata adhere food and scapulets fragment them, which, driven by water flow, pass via transport channels to the esophagus and the gastrovascular chamber where food is digested. Due to stress by handling, medusae produced mucus and water, lost feeding structures, and decreased in size. Based on our observations and a thorough literature review, we conclude that the production of mucus in S. sp. 2 plays several roles, facilitating capture and packing of prey, acting as a defense mechanism, and facilitating sexual reproduction; the latter improves the likelihood of a population persisting in the long run, because fertilized oocytes in mucus transform to planulae, settle, and transform into asexually reproducing polyps. Polyps live longer than the other life stages and are more resistant to adverse environmental conditions than the medusoid sexual stage.
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13
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Combined Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Polyps and Ephyrae of Aurelia solida (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Jellyfish outbreaks are conspicuous natural events in marine ecosystems that have a substantial impact on the structure and dynamics of marine ecosystems and different economic sectors of human activities. Understanding the life cycle strategies of jellyfish species is therefore critical to mitigate the impacts these organisms may have. In this context, the present study investigated the effect of different temperature and salinity regimes on the rearing success of the jellyfish Aurelia solida in microcosm experiments on two different life stages: polyps and ephyrae. Polyps showed high survival rates across the different conditions (except at 28 °C/20 psu) and reproduced asexually in all combinations, with the highest budding activity at 20 °C and 30 psu. Strobilation occurred mainly at 16 °C and 35 psu. Although ephyra survival was highest at low salinities (20 psu) and lower temperatures (10 and 15 °C), the highest growth rates were reached at intermediate temperatures (20 °C). The comparison to other Aurelia species underlines the differences between even closely related species. Given the high tolerance capacity that A. solida presented in the experiments, the species has the potential to cope well under current climate change scenarios and possibly adapt successfully to other regions and ecosystems.
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14
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Bleve G, Ramires FA, De Domenico S, Leone A. An Alum-Free Jellyfish Treatment for Food Applications. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718798. [PMID: 34497822 PMCID: PMC8419267 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish, marketed and consumed as food in The Far East, are traditionally processed using salt and alum mixtures. In recent years, the interest of Western consumers in jellyfish (JF) as a food source is increasing. In Europe [European Union (EU)], JF-derived food products are regulated by a novel food law, but methods for JF treatment and processing have not been developed yet. In this study, a protocol for the stabilization and processing of JF into semi-finished food products without the use of alum is proposed for the first time. Safety and quality parameters, together with a series of technological and nutritional traits, were used to monitor the proposed process and for the characterization of the JF-derived products. Calcium lactate (E327), calcium citrate (E333), and calcium acetate (E263), which are food thickening/stabilizing agents allowed by EU regulations, were used in order to control the presence of possible microbial pathogens and spoilage species. The use of calcium lactate and citrate led to an increase in texture values (~1.7-1.8-fold higher than in starting raw materials) and in several nutritional traits such as antioxidant activity, and protein and fatty acid content. In particular, the combination of JF treatments with calcium salts and phenolic compounds resulted in an antioxidant activity increase of up to 8-fold, protein concentration increase of up to 2.6-fold, fatty acid composition maintenance, and a ω6/ω3 ratio lower than 1. For the first time, the application of phenolic compounds to improve JF technological and nutritional features was verified. This study proposes a new procedure for JF treatment and stabilization useful for future potential food applications in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bleve
- Unità Operativa di Lecce, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Anna Ramires
- Unità Operativa di Lecce, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania De Domenico
- Unità Operativa di Lecce, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Leone
- Unità Operativa di Lecce, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Lecce, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Local Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
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15
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Peng S, Hao W, Li Y, Wang L, Sun T, Zhao J, Dong Z. Bacterial Communities Associated With Four Blooming Scyphozoan Jellyfish: Potential Species-Specific Consequences for Marine Organisms and Humans Health. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:647089. [PMID: 34025606 PMCID: PMC8131558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.647089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnidarians have large surface areas available for colonization by microbial organisms, which serve a multitude of functions in the environment. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on scyphozoan-associated microbial communities. Blooms of scyphozoan species are common worldwide and can have numerous deleterious consequences on the marine ecosystem. Four scyphozoan species, Aurelia coerulea, Cyanea nozakii, Nemopilema nomurai, and Rhopilema esculentum, form large blooms in Chinese seas. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial communities associated with these four jellyfish based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that the bacterial communities associated with each scyphozoan species were significantly different from each other and from those of the surrounding seawater. There were no significant differences between the bacterial communities associated with different body parts of the four scyphozoan jellyfish. Core bacteria in various compartments of the four scyphozoan taxa comprised 57 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units), dominated by genera Mycoplasma, Vibrio, Ralstonia, Tenacibaculum, Shingomonas and Phyllobacterium. FAPROTAX function prediction revealed that jellyfish could influence microbially mediated biogeochemical cycles, compound degradation and transmit pathogens in regions where they proliferate. Finally, Six genera of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with the scyphozoans were detected: Vibrio, Mycoplasma, Ralstonia, Tenacibaculum, Nautella, and Acinetobacter. Our study suggests that blooms of these four common scyphozoans may cause jellyfish species-specific impacts on element cycling in marine ecosystems, and serve as vectors of pathogenic bacteria to threaten other marine organisms and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijun Peng
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongxue Li
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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16
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Thompson AW, Ward AC, Sweeney CP, Sutherland KR. Host-specific symbioses and the microbial prey of a pelagic tunicate (Pyrosoma atlanticum). ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:11. [PMID: 36721065 PMCID: PMC9723572 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrosomes are widely distributed pelagic tunicates that have the potential to reshape marine food webs when they bloom. However, their grazing preferences and interactions with the background microbial community are poorly understood. This is the first study of the marine microorganisms associated with pyrosomes undertaken to improve the understanding of pyrosome biology, the impact of pyrosome blooms on marine microbial systems, and microbial symbioses with marine animals. The diversity, relative abundance, and taxonomy of pyrosome-associated microorganisms were compared to seawater during a Pyrosoma atlanticum bloom in the Northern California Current System using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, microscopy, and flow cytometry. We found that pyrosomes harbor a microbiome distinct from the surrounding seawater, which was dominated by a few novel taxa. In addition to the dominant taxa, numerous more rare pyrosome-specific microbial taxa were recovered. Multiple bioluminescent taxa were present in pyrosomes, which may be a source of the iconic pyrosome luminescence. We also discovered free-living marine microorganisms in association with pyrosomes, suggesting that pyrosome feeding impacts all microbial size classes but preferentially removes larger eukaryotic taxa. This study demonstrates that microbial symbionts and microbial prey are central to pyrosome biology. In addition to pyrosome impacts on higher trophic level marine food webs, the work suggests that pyrosomes also alter marine food webs at the microbial level through feeding and seeding of the marine microbial communities with their symbionts. Future efforts to predict pyrosome blooms, and account for their ecosystem impacts, should consider pyrosome interactions with marine microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne W Thompson
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Anna C Ward
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Carey P Sweeney
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kelly R Sutherland
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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17
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Abstract
All multicellular organisms are associated with a diverse and specific community of microorganisms; consequently, the microbiome is of fundamental importance for health and fitness of the multicellular host. However, studies on microbiome contribution to host fitness are in their infancy, in particular, for less well-established hosts such as the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita. Here, we studied the impact of the native microbiome on the asexual reproduction and on further fitness traits (health, growth, and feeding) of the basal metazoan due to induced changes in its microbiome. We observed significant impact on all fitness traits analyzed, in particular, in the absence of the protective microbial shield and when challenged with marine potentially pathogenic bacterial isolates. Notable is the identified crucial importance of the native microbiome for the generation of offspring, consequently affecting life cycle decisions. Thus, we conclude that the microbiome is essential for the maintenance of a healthy metaorganism. All multicellular organisms are associated with microbial communities, ultimately forming a metaorganism. Several studies conducted on well-established model organisms point to immunological, metabolic, and behavioral benefits of the associated microbiota for the host. Consequently, a microbiome can influence the physiology of a host; moreover, microbial community shifts can affect host health and fitness. The present study aimed to evaluate the significance and functional role of the native microbiota for life cycle transitions and fitness of the cnidarian moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita. A comprehensive host fitness experiment was conducted studying the polyp life stage and integrating 12 combinations of treatments with microbiota modification (sterile conditions, foreign food bacteria, and potential pathogens). Asexual reproduction, e.g., generation of daughter polyps, and the formation and release of ephyrae were highly affected in the absence of the native microbiota, ultimately resulting in a halt of strobilation and ephyra release. Assessment of further fitness traits showed that health, growth, and feeding rate were decreased in the absence and upon community changes of the native microbiota, e.g., when challenged with selected bacteria. Moreover, changes in microbial community patterns were detected by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing during the course of the experiment. This demonstrated that six operational taxonomic units (OTUs) significantly correlated and explained up to 97% of fitness data variability, strongly supporting the association of impaired fitness with the absence/presence of specific bacteria. Conclusively, our study provides new insights into the importance and function of the microbiome for asexual reproduction, health, and fitness of the basal metazoan A. aurita.
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18
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Parisi MG, Parrinello D, Stabili L, Cammarata M. Cnidarian Immunity and the Repertoire of Defense Mechanisms in Anthozoans. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E283. [PMID: 32932829 PMCID: PMC7563517 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthozoa is the most specious class of the phylum Cnidaria that is phylogenetically basal within the Metazoa. It is an interesting group for studying the evolution of mutualisms and immunity, for despite their morphological simplicity, Anthozoans are unexpectedly immunologically complex, with large genomes and gene families similar to those of the Bilateria. Evidence indicates that the Anthozoan innate immune system is not only involved in the disruption of harmful microorganisms, but is also crucial in structuring tissue-associated microbial communities that are essential components of the cnidarian holobiont and useful to the animal's health for several functions including metabolism, immune defense, development, and behavior. Here, we report on the current state of the art of Anthozoan immunity. Like other invertebrates, Anthozoans possess immune mechanisms based on self/non-self-recognition. Although lacking adaptive immunity, they use a diverse repertoire of immune receptor signaling pathways (PRRs) to recognize a broad array of conserved microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMP). The intracellular signaling cascades lead to gene transcription up to endpoints of release of molecules that kill the pathogens, defend the self by maintaining homeostasis, and modulate the wound repair process. The cells play a fundamental role in immunity, as they display phagocytic activities and secrete mucus, which acts as a physicochemical barrier preventing or slowing down the proliferation of potential invaders. Finally, we describe the current state of knowledge of some immune effectors in Anthozoan species, including the potential role of toxins and the inflammatory response in the Mediterranean Anthozoan Anemonia viridis following injection of various foreign particles differing in type and dimensions, including pathogenetic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Parisi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Parrinello
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
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19
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Stabili L, Rizzo L, Basso L, Marzano M, Fosso B, Pesole G, Piraino S. The Microbial Community Associated with Rhizostoma pulmo: Ecological Significance and Potential Consequences for Marine Organisms and Human Health. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090437. [PMID: 32839397 PMCID: PMC7551628 DOI: 10.3390/md18090437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish blooms are frequent and widespread in coastal areas worldwide, often associated with significant ecological and socio-economic consequences. Recent studies have also suggested cnidarian jellyfish may act as vectors of bacterial pathogens. The scyphomedusa Rhizostoma pulmo is an outbreak-forming jellyfish widely occurring across the Mediterranean basin. Using combination of culture-based approaches and a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS), and based on available knowledge on a warm-affinity jellyfish-associated microbiome, we compared the microbial community associated with R. pulmo adult jellyfish in the Gulf of Taranto (Ionian Sea) between summer (July 2016) and winter (February 2017) sampling periods. The jellyfish-associated microbiota was investigated in three distinct compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, and the mucus secretion. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Rhodothermaeota, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, and Thaumarchaeota were the phyla isolated from all the three R. pulmo compartments in the sampling times. In particular, the main genera Mycoplasma and Spiroplasma, belonging to the class Mollicutes (phylum Tenericutes), have been identified in all the three jellyfish compartments. The taxonomic microbial data were coupled with metabolic profiles resulting from the utilization of 31 different carbon sources by the BIOLOG Eco-Plate system. Microorganisms associated with mucus are characterized by great diversity. The counts of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and potential metabolic activities are also remarkable. Results are discussed in terms of R. pulmo ecology, the potential health hazard for marine and human life as well as the potential biotechnological applications related to the associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.)
- Institute of Water Research of the National Research Council, S.S. di Taranto, Via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.)
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
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20
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Basso L, Rizzo L, Marzano M, Intranuovo M, Fosso B, Pesole G, Piraino S, Stabili L. Jellyfish summer outbreaks as bacterial vectors and potential hazards for marine animals and humans health? The case of Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:305-318. [PMID: 31349170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish represent an important component of marine food webs characterized by large fluctuations of population density, with the ability to abruptly form outbreaks, followed by rarity periods. In spite of considerable efforts to investigate how jellyfish populations are responding globally to anthropogenic change, available evidence still remains unclear. In the last 50 years, jellyfish are seemingly on the rise in a number of coastal areas, including the Mediterranean Sea, where jellyfish blooms periodically become an issue to marine and maritime human activities. Their impacts on marine organism welfare have been poorly quantified. The jellyfish, Rhizostoma pulmo, is an outbreak-forming scyphomedusa whose large populations spread across the Mediterranean, with increasing periodicity and variable abundance. Studies on cnidarian jellyfish suggested being important vectors of bacterial pathogens. In the present study, by combination of conventional culture-based methods and a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS) approach, we characterized the diversity of the bacterial community associated with this jellyfish during their summer outbreak. Three distinct jellyfish compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, and the mucus secretion obtained from whole specimens were screened for specifically associated microbiota. A total of 17 phyla, 30 classes, 73 orders, 146 families and 329 genera of microbial organisms were represented in R. pulmo samples with three major clades (i.e. Spiroplasma, Mycoplasma and Wolinella) representing over 90% of the retrieved total sequences. The taxonomic microbial inventory was then combined with metabolic profiling data obtained from the Biolog Eco-Plate system. Significant differences among the jellyfish compartments were detected in terms of bacterial abundance, diversity and metabolic utilization of 31 different carbon sources with the highest value of abundance and metabolic potential in the mucus secretion compared to the umbrella and oral arms. Results are discussed in the framework of the species ecology as well as the potential health hazard for marine organisms and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy; Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Intranuovo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy.
| | - Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Water Research Institute of the National Research Council, (IRSA-CNR), Taranto, Italy.
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21
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Ge M, Liu W, Ma C, Yan Z, Liang H, Xu Z, Mariottini GL, Zhang J, Zhao X, Yang Y, Xiao L. Comparative proteomic analysis of Aurelia coerulea for its locomotion system molecular structure-function inference. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Identification of Safety and Quality Parameters for Preparation of Jellyfish Based Novel Food Products. Foods 2019; 8:foods8070263. [PMID: 31319563 PMCID: PMC6678107 DOI: 10.3390/foods8070263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible jellyfish are mainly consumed and marketed in Southeastern Countries, generally produced by a multi-phase drying process, using mixtures of salt and alum. Recently, jellyfish have become very attractive also for Western food markets. They are novel food in Europe and no recognized handling/processing steps have been set up yet. Moreover, no specific food safety and quality parameters are available. In this study, we identified a set of safety and quality parameters for jellyfish, based on standards and process hygiene criteria used in Europe for other products. These assays were tested on three different jellyfish preparations that can be used as raw materials for subsequent food processing. All jellyfish samples revealed the absence of pathogens (Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes), Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp., even if a limited presence of Staphylococci was observed. No biogenic amine histamine was detected and negligible levels of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) were revealed. Total bacterium, yeast and mold counts were negligible or undetectable by conventional accredited methods, and conversely the results were higher when optimized saline conditions were used. This study, for the first time, established a set of quality and safety parameters necessary for first-operations and subsequent processing of jellyfish as novel food. Highlights: Jellyfish can represent a novel food in Europe. Identification of safety and quality parameters for jellyfish food products. Saline conditions are essential for improving safety and quality assessment of jellyfish as food.
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23
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Tinta T, Kogovšek T, Klun K, Malej A, Herndl GJ, Turk V. Jellyfish-Associated Microbiome in the Marine Environment: Exploring Its Biotechnological Potential. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E94. [PMID: 30717239 PMCID: PMC6410321 DOI: 10.3390/md17020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence of the importance of the jellyfish-associated microbiome to jellyfish, its potential relevance to blue biotechnology has only recently been recognized. In this review, we emphasize the biotechnological potential of host⁻microorganism systems and focus on gelatinous zooplankton as a host for the microbiome with biotechnological potential. The basic characteristics of jellyfish-associated microbial communities, the mechanisms underlying the jellyfish-microbe relationship, and the role/function of the jellyfish-associated microbiome and its biotechnological potential are reviewed. It appears that the jellyfish-associated microbiome is discrete from the microbial community in the ambient seawater, exhibiting a certain degree of specialization with some preferences for specific jellyfish taxa and for specific jellyfish populations, life stages, and body parts. In addition, different sampling approaches and methodologies to study the phylogenetic diversity of the jellyfish-associated microbiome are described and discussed. Finally, some general conclusions are drawn from the existing literature and future research directions are highlighted on the jellyfish-associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinkara Tinta
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Tjaša Kogovšek
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Klun
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Alenka Malej
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Gerhard J Herndl
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- NIOZ, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
| | - Valentina Turk
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
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