1
|
Hammad H, Elbarazi I, Bendak M, Obaideen K, Amanatullah A, Khan BSB, Ismail L, Kieu A, Ab Khan M. Influence of Religiosity on Youths' Attitudes Towards People with Disabilities in the United Arab Emirates. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:2423-2442. [PMID: 36058952 PMCID: PMC9441192 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional survey investigates the influence of youths' religiosity on their attitude towards people with disabilities. The Muslim religiosity questionnaire and multidimensional attitudes scale towards persons with disabilities were used to survey 733 youths from the federal university in the United Arab Emirates. The results indicated that the youths were religious and had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities. An increase in religiosity is associated with a positive attitude towards disability, and both religiosity and total family income positively impacted the attitude towards people with disabilities. Reducing inequalities by including persons with disabilities is one of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development objectives. Policies should aim to enhance curriculum, improvise public guidelines and partner with associated faith-based leaders to build an inclusive society for people with disabilities, thus helping to achieve sustainable development goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Hammad
- Department of Shariah and Islamic Studies, Faculty of Law, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Malik Bendak
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Facility of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khaled Obaideen
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, SEGi University, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Asma Amanatullah
- Fazaia College of Education for Women, Lahore Cantt, Sarwar Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bibi Sara Badshah Khan
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Ismail
- Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alex Kieu
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moien Ab Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Primary Care, NHS North West London, London, TW3 3EB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sheen M, Yekani HAK. The Good, the Bad and the Hijab: A Study of Implicit Associations Made by Practicing Muslims in Their Native Muslim Country. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2886-2903. [PMID: 35592908 PMCID: PMC10652654 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that wearing the hijab reduces the attractiveness of female faces perceived by practicing Muslim men and women in their native Muslim country (the United Arab Emirates). The purpose of the current research was to develop this finding to investigate whether other aspects of person perception are also affected when women wear the hijab in this Muslim country. Of particular relevance is that changes in physical attractiveness often affect the personal qualities assigned to individuals. Accordingly, we sought to determine whether such effects occur when the physical attractiveness of women is altered by wearing the hijab. To do this, we used an Implicit Association Test (IAT) to investigate how native Muslim participants in the UAE associated pleasant and unpleasant connotations with images of women either wearing the hijab or with their heads uncovered. As in previous research with native Muslim participants, female faces were again perceived as significantly less attractive when the hijab was worn. However, the accompanying IAT findings showed that these less attractive hijab-wearing images were associated more with pleasant connotations than were the matched uncovered images. These findings provide fresh insight into the effects of the hijab on perceptions of Muslim women in a Muslim country and provide support for the view that cultural clothing can influence person perception beyond physical attractiveness alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Sheen
- Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Dubai, UAE
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elkhalloufi F, Boutayeb S, Alaoui YL, Zakkouri FAZ, Jaouhari ME, Errihani H. Association Between Religiosity, Depression, and Anxiety Among Moroccan Cancer Patients. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:4382-4397. [PMID: 35279760 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between religiosity, depression, and anxiety in Moroccan cancer patients. A convenience sample of 1055 participants was recruited to complete questionnaires. Socio-demographic, religious, and cancer characteristics were assessed. The Arabic version of the HADS scale was used to assess depression and anxiety. Bivariate chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze data. The results revealed that engaging in religious practices significantly decreases the risk of suffering from depression and/or anxiety. However, some religious practices may have a counter effect. These findings suggest that religiosity is important for cancer patients in Morocco and is also associated with a better quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Elkhalloufi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat Institut., Mohammed V University, Av Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui, B.P 6203, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Saber Boutayeb
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat Institut., Mohammed V University, Av Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui, B.P 6203, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Fatima Az-Zahra Zakkouri
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat Institut., Mohammed V University, Av Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui, B.P 6203, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mounia El Jaouhari
- Culture, Language, Education, Migration, and Society Laboratory, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassan Errihani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat Institut., Mohammed V University, Av Mohamed Belarbi El Alaoui, B.P 6203, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fitouchi L, André JB, Baumard N. Moral disciplining: The cognitive and evolutionary foundations of puritanical morality. Behav Brain Sci 2022; 46:e293. [PMID: 36111617 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x22002047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Why do many societies moralize apparently harmless pleasures, such as lust, gluttony, alcohol, drugs, and even music and dance? Why do they erect temperance, asceticism, sobriety, modesty, and piety as cardinal moral virtues? According to existing theories, this puritanical morality cannot be reduced to concerns for harm and fairness: It must emerge from cognitive systems that did not evolve for cooperation (e.g., disgust-based "purity" concerns). Here, we argue that, despite appearances, puritanical morality is no exception to the cooperative function of moral cognition. It emerges in response to a key feature of cooperation, namely that cooperation is (ultimately) a long-term strategy, requiring (proximately) the self-control of appetites for immediate gratification. Puritanical moralizations condemn behaviors which, although inherently harmless, are perceived as indirectly facilitating uncooperative behaviors, by impairing the self-control required to refrain from cheating. Drinking, drugs, immodest clothing, and unruly music and dance are condemned as stimulating short-term impulses, thus facilitating uncooperative behaviors (e.g., violence, adultery, free-riding). Overindulgence in harmless bodily pleasures (e.g., masturbation, gluttony) is perceived as making people slave to their urges, thus altering abilities to resist future antisocial temptations. Daily self-discipline, ascetic temperance, and pious ritual observance are perceived as cultivating the self-control required to honor prosocial obligations. We review psychological, historical, and ethnographic evidence supporting this account. We use this theory to explain the fall of puritanism in western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies, and discuss the cultural evolution of puritanical norms. Explaining puritanical norms does not require adding mechanisms unrelated to cooperation in our models of the moral mind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léo Fitouchi
- Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France. ; https://sites.google.com/view/leofitouchi ; http://jb.homepage.free.fr/ ; https://nicolasbaumards.org/
| | - Jean-Baptiste André
- Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France. ; https://sites.google.com/view/leofitouchi ; http://jb.homepage.free.fr/ ; https://nicolasbaumards.org/
| | - Nicolas Baumard
- Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France. ; https://sites.google.com/view/leofitouchi ; http://jb.homepage.free.fr/ ; https://nicolasbaumards.org/
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Further investigation of the effects of wearing the hijab: Perception of female facial attractiveness by Emirati Muslim men living in their native Muslim country. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239419. [PMID: 33085663 PMCID: PMC7577463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hijab is central to the lives of Muslim women across the world but little is known about the actual effects exerted by this garment on perceptions of the wearer. Indeed, while previous research has suggested that wearing the hijab may affect the physical attractiveness of women, the actual effect of wearing the hijab on perceptions of female facial attractiveness by Muslim men in a Muslim country is largely unknown. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of the hijab on female facial attractiveness perceived by practising Muslim men living in their native Muslim country (the United Arab Emirates). Participants were presented with frontal-head images of women shown in three conditions: in the fully covered condition, heads were completely covered by the hijab except for the face; in the partially covered condition, heads were completely covered by the hijab except for the face and areas around the forehead and each side of the face and head; in the uncovered condition, heads had no covering at all. The findings revealed that faces where heads were uncovered or partially covered were rated as equally attractive, and both were rated as substantially more attractive than faces where heads were fully covered. Thus, while wearing the hijab can suppress female facial attractiveness to men, these findings suggest that not all hijab wearing has this effect, and female facial attractiveness for practising Muslim men living in their native Muslim country may not be reduced simply by wearing this garment. Indeed, from the findings we report, slight changes to the positioning of the hijab (the partially covered condition) produce perceptions of facial attractiveness that are no lower than when no hijab is worn, and this may have important implications for wearing the hijab in Muslim societies. Finally, we argue that the pattern of effects we observed is not explained by anti-Islamic feeling or cultural endogamy, and that a major contributory factor is that being fully covered by the hijab occludes external features, especially the hair and lateral parts of the head and face, which, when normally visible, provide a substantial perceptual contribution to human facial attractiveness.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sidi Y, Geller S, Abu Sinni A, Levy S, Handelzalts JE. Body image among Muslim women in Israel: exploring religion and sociocultural pressures. Women Health 2020; 60:1095-1108. [PMID: 32752948 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2020.1802399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association of the Muslim religion, as a multidimensional factor, with social pressures related to body image concerns, among Muslim women in Israel. Four hundred and Seventy-five Israeli Muslim women ages between 18 and 30 years completed questionnaire measures of strength of religious faith, wearing a traditional head cover (the Hijab), positive and negative body image, media exposure, societal pressures to conform to Western body ideals and its internalization, from 2016 to 2018. Strength of religious faith and wearing the Hijab were positively associated with positive aspects of body image, while only strength of religious faith negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction. Further, mediation analyses revealed that the relationship between the strength of religious faith and both positive body image and body dissatisfaction was mediated by media pressures. Notably, reduced peer pressures had more influence on positive body image, while reduced family pressures were more influential for negative body image. These results are discussed with regard to promoting a more intricate and multicultural understanding of body image concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Sidi
- Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel , Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Shulamit Geller
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo , Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Aline Abu Sinni
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo , Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Levy
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo , Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan E Handelzalts
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo , Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Psychiatry Department, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Changes in the Indices of Body Image Concern, Sexual Self-Esteem and Sexual Body Image in Females Undergoing Cosmetic Rhinoplasty: A Single-Group Trial. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:771-779. [PMID: 30805690 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological factors play a major role in the tendency toward cosmetic surgery. Variety seeking, making changes in one's face and reducing apparent dissatisfaction, improving body image and increasing sexual self-esteem can be considered as some psychological aspects of cosmetic surgery. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the changes in the indices of body image concern, sexual self-esteem and sexual body image in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. METHOD This study was a single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The research data were collected from March 2015 to January 2016. For this purpose, of the patients seeking nose surgery who referred to beauty centers in Mashhad, 40 subjects were selected through purposive method sampling and completed a Body Image Concern Inventory, Sexual Self-Esteem Index for Women and Body Exposure during Sexual Activities Questionnaire before and after rhinoplasty. These data were collected after obtaining informed consent, conducting a structured clinical interview and completing the demographic checklist. FINDINGS Data analysis demonstrated that there is a significant improvement in the index of female body image concern after rhinoplasty (p < 0.05). In the indices of sexual self-esteem and sexual body image, the analyses showed no significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Cosmetic surgery leads to the reduced body image concern of women but has no effect on sexual self-esteem and sexual body image. It seems that the psychological function of patients does not change significantly by rhinoplasty dimensions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
|