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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Sharma T, Mondal T, Khan S, Churqui MP, Nyström K, Thombare K, Baig MH, Dong JJ. Identifying novel inhibitors targeting Exportin-1 for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:69. [PMID: 38240823 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear export protein 1 (XPO1) mediates the nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and plays a prominent role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. XPO1 has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to interfere with the lifecycle of many viruses. In our earlier study, we proved the inhibition of XPO1 as a therapeutic strategy for managing SARS-COV-2 and its variants. In this study, we have utilized pharmacophore-assisted computational methods to identify prominent XPO1 inhibitors. After several layers of screening, a few molecules were shortlisted for further experimental validation on the in vitro SARS-CoV-2 cell infection model. It was observed that these compounds reduced spike positivity, suggesting inhibition of SARS-COV-2 infection. The outcome of this study could be considered further for developing novel antiviral therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuj Sharma
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Marianela Patzi Churqui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nyström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ketan Thombare
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
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Tao R, Liu C, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Hao S. Selinexor With Anti-PD-1 Antibody as a Potentially Effective Regimen for Patients With Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Failing Prior L-Asparaginase and PD-1 Blockade. Oncologist 2024; 29:e90-e96. [PMID: 37616529 PMCID: PMC10769782 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a rare and heterogeneous tumor type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with a poor clinical outcome. There is no standardized salvage treatment failing l-asparaginase-based regimens. Here we report our retrospective results of the combined use of selinexor and PD-1 blockade (tislelizumab) in 5 patients with NKTCL who had exhausted almost all available treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 5 patients with relapsed/refractory(R/R) NK/T-cell lymphomas failing prior l-asparaginase and anti-PD-1 antibody were retrospectively collected. They were treated with at least one cycle of XPO1 inhibitor plus the same anti-PD-1 antibody. Anti-PD-1 antibody (Tislelizumab) was administrated at 200 mg on day 1 every 3 weeks and selinexor doses and schedules ranged from 40 mg weekly for 2 weeks per 21-day cycle to 60 mg weekly per cycle. RESULTS Five patients with relapsed NKTCL with extensive organ involvement including 4 central nervous system (CNS) infiltration patients were included. Four patients achieved objective responses including 3 complete responses (CR) and 1 partial response (PR). After a median follow-up time of 14.5 (range, 5-22) months, 1 patient was still in remission with CR, and the other 4 patients discontinued due to disease progression with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 6 months and median overall survival (OS) of 12 months. Four patients with CNS involvement achieved a median OS of 8 months. Our data suggest that selinexor in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody is a promising small molecule and immunotherapy combination regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory NKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tao
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanxu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siguo Hao
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Fatoki TH. Human adenovirus DNA polymerase is evolutionarily and functionally associated with human telomerase reverse transcriptase based on in silico molecular characterization that implicate abacavir and zidovudine. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1123307. [PMID: 37351013 PMCID: PMC10282644 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1123307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are non-enveloped, small double stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that cause asymptomatic infections, clinical syndromes and significant susceptibility to infections in immunocompromised people. The aim of the present study was to identify critical host proteins and HAdV hypothetical proteins that could be developed as potential host-viral targets for antiHAdV therapy. Here, the function of selected hypothetical proteins of HAdV based on phylogenetic relationship with the therapeutic targets of antiretroviral drugs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was predicted computationally, and characterized the molecular dynamics and binding affinity of DNA polymerase of HAdV. Thirty-eight hypothetical proteins (HPs) of human adenovirus (HAdV) were used in this study. The results showed that HAdV DNA polymerase (P03261) is related to Human TERT (O14746) and HLA-B (P01889) genes. The protein-protein interaction of human five molecular targets (PNP, TERT, CCR5, HLA-B, and NR1I2) of ARVDs are well-coordinated/networked with CD4, AHR, FKBP4, NR3C1, HSP90AA1, and STUB1 proteins in the anti-HIV infection mechanism. The results showed that the free energy score of abacavir and zidovudine binding to HAdV DNA polymerase are -5.8 and -5.4 kcal mol-1 respectively. Also, the control drug, cidofovir and ganciclovir have less binding affinity for DNA polymerase of HAdV when compare to that of abacavir and zidovudine. Similarity was observed in the binding of abacavir and zidovudine to HAdV DNA polymerase (ASP742, ALA743, LEU772, ARG773 and VAL776). In conclusion, combination of abacavir and zidovudine was predicted to be potential therapy for controlling HAdV infection targeting HAdV DNA polymerase.
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Zambalde ÉP, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, Severino MB, Scudero OB, Morelli AP, Amorim MR, Bispo-dos-Santos K, Góis MM, Toledo-Teixeira DA, Parise PL, Mauad T, Dolhnikoff M, Saldiva PHN, Marques-Souza H, Proenca-Modena JL, Ventura AM, Simabuco FM. Characterization of the Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein (M) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:849017. [PMID: 35677658 PMCID: PMC9168989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.849017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus from the Coronaviridae family and is responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this work, we explored the previously reported SARS-CoV-2 structural membrane protein (M) interaction with human Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). The M protein is responsible for maintaining virion shape, and PCNA is a marker of DNA damage which is essential for DNA replication and repair. We validated the M-PCNA interaction through immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence co-localization, and PLA (Proximity Ligation Assay). In cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 or transfected with M protein, using immunofluorescence and cell fractioning, we documented a reallocation of PCNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the increase of PCNA and γH2AX (another DNA damage marker) expression. We also observed an increase in PCNA and γH2AX expression in the lung of a COVID-19 patient by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the inhibition of PCNA translocation by PCNA I1 and Verdinexor led to a reduction of plaque formation in an in vitro assay. We, therefore, propose that the transport of PCNA to the cytoplasm and its association with M could be a virus strategy to manipulate cell functions and may be considered a target for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Pereira Zambalde
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Laboratory of Signaling Mechanisms, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Orlando Bonito Scudero
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mariene Ribeiro Amorim
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Bispo-dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Marcela Góis
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Toledo-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pierina Lorencini Parise
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- São Paulo University Medical School, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- São Paulo University Medical School, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
- Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Armando Morais Ventura
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
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Liu M, Jiang L, Cao W, Wu J, Chen X. Identification of Inhibitors and Drug Targets for Human Adenovirus Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050959. [PMID: 35632701 PMCID: PMC9144521 DOI: 10.3390/v14050959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses can cause infections in people of all ages at all seasons of the year. Adenovirus infections cause mild to severe illnesses. Children, immunocompromised patients, or those with existing respiratory or cardiac disease are at higher risk. Unfortunately, there are no commercial drugs or vaccines available on the market for adenovirus infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new antiviral drugs or drug targets for adenovirus infections. To identify potential antiviral agents for adenovirus infections, we screened a drug library containing 2138 compounds, most of which are drugs with known targets and past phase I clinical trials. On a cell-based assay, we identified 131 hits that inhibit adenoviruses type 3 and 5. A secondary screen confirmed the antiviral effects of 59 inhibitors that inhibit the replication of adenoviruses type 3 or 5. Most of the inhibitors target heat shock protein, protein tyrosine kinase, the mTOR signaling pathway, and other host factors, suggesting that these host factors may be essential for replicating adenoviruses. Through this study, the newly identified adenovirus inhibitors may provide a start point for developing new antiviral drugs to treat adenovirus infections. Further validation of the identified drug targets can help the development of new therapeutics against adenovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lefang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.J.); (W.C.)
| | - Weihua Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.J.); (W.C.)
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.J.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8522-0949 (J.W. & X.C.)
| | - Xulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.J.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8522-0949 (J.W. & X.C.)
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Mostafa-Hedeab G, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Welson NN, El-Saber Batiha G, Conte-Junior CA. Selinexor and COVID-19: The Neglected Warden. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:884228. [PMID: 35559257 PMCID: PMC9086449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.884228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been confirmed as the cause of the global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Different repurposed drugs have been trialed and used in the management of COVID-19. One of these agents was the anti-cancer Selinexor (SXR). SXR is an anti-cancer drug that acts by inhibition of nuclear exportin-1 (XPO1), which inhibits transport of nuclear proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, leading to the induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. XPO1 inhibitors had antiviral effects, mainly against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus. SXR inhibits transport of SARS-CoV-2 nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm with further inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 proliferation. SXR has the ability to prevent the development of a cytokine storm in COVID-19 by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with the augmentation release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked with activation of XPO1, leading to the triggering of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. Inhibition of XPO1 by Selinexor (SXR), a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), can reduce the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 and associated inflammatory disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department & Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Jouf, Saudi Arabia,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nermeen N. Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt,*Correspondence: Nermeen N. Welson, ; Gaber El-Saber Batiha,
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt,*Correspondence: Nermeen N. Welson, ; Gaber El-Saber Batiha,
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rangel-Moreno J, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Owen T, Barnard J, Becerril-Villanueva E, Kashyap T, Argueta C, Gamboa-Dominguez A, Tamir S, Landesman Y, Goldman BI, Ritchlin CT, Anolik JH. Small molecule inhibitors of nuclear export ameliorate lupus by modulating plasma cell generation and survival. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1363-1375. [PMID: 35333447 PMCID: PMC9339462 DOI: 10.1002/art.42128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypothesis that selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE), recently approved for the treatment of refractory plasma cell (PC) malignancy, may have potential in the treatment of lupus. METHODS NZB/NZW female mice were treated with SINE or vehicle control. Tissue was harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry using standard markers. Nephritis was monitored by evaluation for proteinuria and by histologic analysis of kidneys. Serum anti- double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and total IgG and dsDNA antibody-secreting cells (ASC) by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. RESULTS SINE abrogated murine lupus nephritis at both early and late stages of the disease and rapidly impaired generation of autoreactive PC in germinal centers (GC). SINE inhibited the production of the NF-κB-driven homeostatic chemokines by stromal cells, altering splenic B and T cell strategic positioning and significantly reducing T follicular helper cells (TFH), GC B cells, and autoreactive PC. SINE also decreased cytokines/chemokines involved in PC survival and recruitment in the kidney of lupus-prone mice. Exportin 1, the SINE target, was detected in GC of human tonsils, splenic B cells of lupus patients, and multiple B cell subsets in the kidney of patients with lupus nephritis. CONCLUSION Our collective results support the therapeutic potential of SINE via targeting several molecular and cellular pathways critical in lupus pathogenesis, including autoantibody production by plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Teresa Owen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Jennifer Barnard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Departamento de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Armando Gamboa-Dominguez
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sharon Tamir
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts, 02459
| | | | - Bruce I Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Christopher T Ritchlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Jennifer H Anolik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
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Pasha T, Zatorska A, Sharipov D, Rogelj B, Hortobágyi T, Hirth F. Karyopherin abnormalities in neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Brain 2021; 144:2915-2932. [PMID: 34019093 PMCID: PMC8194669 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative proteinopathies are characterized by progressive cell loss that is preceded by the mislocalization and aberrant accumulation of proteins prone to aggregation. Despite their different physiological functions, disease-related proteins like tau, α-synuclein, TAR DNA binding protein-43, fused in sarcoma and mutant huntingtin, all share low complexity regions that can mediate their liquid-liquid phase transitions. The proteins' phase transitions can range from native monomers to soluble oligomers, liquid droplets and further to irreversible, often-mislocalized aggregates that characterize the stages and severity of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms have associated mislocalization and aberrant accumulation of disease-related proteins with defective nucleocytoplasmic transport and its mediators called karyopherins. These studies identify karyopherin abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, that range from altered expression levels to the subcellular mislocalization and aggregation of karyopherin α and β proteins. The reported findings reveal that in addition to their classical function in nuclear import and export, karyopherins can also act as chaperones by shielding aggregation-prone proteins against misfolding, accumulation and irreversible phase-transition into insoluble aggregates. Karyopherin abnormalities can, therefore, be both the cause and consequence of protein mislocalization and aggregate formation in degenerative proteinopathies. The resulting vicious feedback cycle of karyopherin pathology and proteinopathy identifies karyopherin abnormalities as a common denominator of onset and progression of neurodegenerative disease. Pharmacological targeting of karyopherins, already in clinical trials as therapeutic intervention targeting cancers such as glioblastoma and viral infections like COVID-19, may therefore represent a promising new avenue for disease-modifying treatments in neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terouz Pasha
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Anna Zatorska
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Daulet Sharipov
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- King's College London, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Frank Hirth
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 9RT, UK
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10
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Anwaar MU, Adnan F, Abro A, Khan RA, Rehman AU, Osama M, Rainville C, Kumar S, Sterner DE, Javed S, Jamal SB, Baig A, Shabbir MR, Ahsan W, Butt TR, Assir MZ. Combined deep learning and molecular docking simulations approach identifies potentially effective FDA approved drugs for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105049. [PMID: 34823857 PMCID: PMC8604796 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to global public health. Drug repurposing is a time-efficient approach to finding effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in this emergency. Here, we present a robust experimental design combining deep learning with molecular docking experiments to identify the most promising candidates from the list of FDA-approved drugs that can be repurposed to treat COVID-19. We have employed a deep learning-based Drug Target Interaction (DTI) model, called DeepDTA, with few improvements to predict drug-protein binding affinities, represented as KIBA scores, for 2440 FDA-approved and 8168 investigational drugs against 24 SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. FDA-approved drugs with the highest KIBA scores were selected for molecular docking simulations. We ran around 50,000 docking simulations for 168 selected drugs against 285 total predicted and/or experimentally proven active sites of all 24 SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. A list of 49 most promising FDA-approved drugs with the best consensus KIBA scores and binding affinity values against selected SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins was generated. Most importantly, 16 drugs including anidulafungin, velpatasvir, glecaprevir, rifapentine, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), terlipressin, and selinexor demonstrated the highest predicted inhibitory potential against key SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. We further measured the inhibitory activity of 5 compounds (rifapentine, velpatasvir, glecaprevir, anidulafungin, and FAD disodium) on SARS-CoV-2 PLpro using Ubiquitin-Rhodamine 110 Gly fluorescent intensity assay. The highest inhibition of PLpro activity was seen with rifapentine (IC50: 15.18 μM) and FAD disodium (IC50: 12.39 μM), the drugs with high predicted KIBA scores and binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Anwaar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University Munich, Arcisstraße 21, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Farjad Adnan
- Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Asma Abro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, 1800, Pakistan
| | - Rayyan A Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University Munich, Arcisstraße 21, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Asad U Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan; Center for Undiagnosed, Rare and Emerging Diseases, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Osama
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan; Center for Undiagnosed, Rare and Emerging Diseases, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | | | - Suresh Kumar
- Progenra Inc, 271A Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA
| | - David E Sterner
- Progenra Inc, 271A Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA
| | - Saad Javed
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan; Center for Undiagnosed, Rare and Emerging Diseases, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | - Syed B Jamal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmadullah Baig
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad R Shabbir
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan; Center for Undiagnosed, Rare and Emerging Diseases, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | - Waseh Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef R Butt
- Progenra Inc, 271A Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA
| | - Muhammad Z Assir
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan; Center for Undiagnosed, Rare and Emerging Diseases, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan; Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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11
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Mathew C, Tamir S, Tripp RA, Ghildyal R. Reversible disruption of XPO1-mediated nuclear export inhibits respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19223. [PMID: 34584169 PMCID: PMC8479129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Therapy for RSV infections is limited to high risk infants and there are no safe and efficacious vaccines. Matrix (M) protein is a major RSV structural protein with a key role in virus assembly. Interestingly, M is localised to the nucleus early in infection and its export into the cytoplasm by the nuclear exporter, exportin-1 (XPO1) is essential for RSV assembly. We have shown previously that chemical inhibition of XPO1 function results in reduced RSV replication. In this study, we have investigated the anti-RSV efficacy of Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds, KPT-335 and KPT-185. Our data shows that therapeutic administration of the SINE compounds results in reduced RSV titre in human respiratory epithelial cell culture. Within 24 h of treatment, RSV replication and XPO1 expression was reduced, M protein was partially retained in the nucleus, and cell cycle progression was delayed. Notably, the effect of SINE compounds was reversible within 24 h after their removal. Our data show that reversible inhibition of XPO1 can disrupt RSV replication by affecting downstream pathways regulated by the nuclear exporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Mathew
- Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | | | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia.
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12
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Kashyap T, Murray J, Walker CJ, Chang H, Tamir S, Hou B, Shacham S, Kauffman MG, Tripp RA, Landesman Y. Selinexor, a novel selective inhibitor of nuclear export, reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection and protects the respiratory system in vivo. Antiviral Res 2021; 192:105115. [PMID: 34157321 PMCID: PMC8213878 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent global pandemic. The nuclear export protein (XPO1) has a direct role in the export of SARS-CoV proteins including ORF3b, ORF9b, and nucleocapsid. Inhibition of XPO1 induces anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and antioxidant pathways. Selinexor is an FDA-approved XPO1 inhibitor. Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted nuclear export sequences in the ACE-2 protein and confirmed by in vitro testing that inhibition of XPO1 with selinexor induces nuclear localization of ACE-2. Administration of selinexor inhibited viral infection prophylactically as well as therapeutically in vitro. In a ferret model of COVID-19, selinexor treatment reduced viral load in the lungs and protected against tissue damage in the nasal turbinates and lungs in vivo. Our studies demonstrated that selinexor downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GMCSF, commonly associated with the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 patients. Our findings indicate that nuclear export is critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection and for COVID-19 pathology and suggest that inhibition of XPO1 by selinexor could be a viable anti-viral treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackelyn Murray
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Hua Chang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
| | | | - Bing Hou
- Antengene Corporation Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, PR China
| | | | | | - Ralph A Tripp
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
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13
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Shen Q, Wang YE, Palazzo AF. Crosstalk between nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and the innate immune response to viral infection. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100856. [PMID: 34097873 PMCID: PMC8254040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex is the sole gateway connecting the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. In humans, the nuclear pore complex is one of the largest multiprotein assemblies in the cell, with a molecular mass of ∼110 MDa and consisting of 8 to 64 copies of about 34 different nuclear pore proteins, termed nucleoporins, for a total of 1000 subunits per pore. Trafficking events across the nuclear pore are mediated by nuclear transport receptors and are highly regulated. The nuclear pore complex is also used by several RNA viruses and almost all DNA viruses to access the host cell nucleoplasm for replication. Viruses hijack the nuclear pore complex, and nuclear transport receptors, to access the nucleoplasm where they replicate. In addition, the nuclear pore complex is used by the cell innate immune system, a network of signal transduction pathways that coordinates the first response to foreign invaders, including viruses and other pathogens. Several branches of this response depend on dynamic signaling events that involve the nuclear translocation of downstream signal transducers. Mounting evidence has shown that these signaling cascades, especially those steps that involve nucleocytoplasmic trafficking events, are targeted by viruses so that they can evade the innate immune system. This review summarizes how nuclear pore proteins and nuclear transport receptors contribute to the innate immune response and highlights how viruses manipulate this cellular machinery to favor infection. A comprehensive understanding of nuclear pore proteins in antiviral innate immunity will likely contribute to the development of new antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtang Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yifan E Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander F Palazzo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Kumar S, Shanker OR, Kumari N, Tripathi M, Chandra PS, Dixit AB, Banerjee J. Neuromodulatory effects of SARS-CoV2 infection: Possible therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:509-519. [PMID: 34232801 PMCID: PMC8330012 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1953475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily manifests in the form of respiratory symptoms, emerging evidence suggests that the disease is associated with numerous neurological complications, such as stroke and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Hence, further research is necessary to seek possible therapeutic targets in the CNS for effective management of these complications. AREAS COVERED This review examines the neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible routes of infection. It progresses to illuminate the possible therapeutic targets for effective management of these neuromodulatory effects and the repurposing of drugs that could serve this purpose. To this end, literature from the year 1998-2021 was derived from PubMed. EXPERT OPINION The neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 may be related to poor prognosis and higher comorbidity. Identification of the key molecular targets in the brain that are potential indicators of the observed neuropathology, such as inflammatory mediators and chromatin modifiers, is key. The repurposing of existing drugs to target potential candidates could reduce the mortality attributed to these associated neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kumar
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ozasvi R Shanker
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Kumari
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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15
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Gupta R, Simonette RA, Doan HQ, Rady PL, Tyring SK. Targeting the expression of T antigens with selinexor (KPT-330) shows promise for Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma treatment. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:1185-1187. [PMID: 33403670 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R A Simonette
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Q Doan
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P L Rady
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Wu Z, Graf FE, Hirsch HH. Antivirals against human polyomaviruses: Leaving no stone unturned. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2220. [PMID: 33729628 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) encompass more than 10 species infecting 30%-90% of the human population without significant illness. Proven HPyV diseases with documented histopathology affect primarily immunocompromised hosts with manifestations in brain, skin and renourinary tract such as polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN), polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis (PyVHC), polyomavirus-associated urothelial cancer (PyVUC), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) and pruritic hyperproliferative keratinopathy. Although virus-specific immune control is the eventual goal of therapy and lasting cure, antiviral treatments are urgently needed in order to reduce or prevent HPyV diseases and thereby bridging the time needed to establish virus-specific immunity. However, the small dsDNA genome of only 5 kb of the non-enveloped HPyVs only encodes 5-7 viral proteins. Thus, HPyV replication relies heavily on host cell factors, thereby limiting both, number and type of specific virus-encoded antiviral targets. Lack of cost-effective high-throughput screening systems and relevant small animal models complicates the preclinical development. Current clinical studies are limited by small case numbers, poorly efficacious compounds and absence of proper randomized trial design. Here, we review preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated small molecules with presumed antiviral activity against HPyVs and provide an outlook regarding potential new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsong Wu
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice E Graf
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Dodge MJ, MacNeil KM, Tessier TM, Weinberg JB, Mymryk JS. Emerging antiviral therapeutics for human adenovirus infection: Recent developments and novel strategies. Antiviral Res 2021; 188:105034. [PMID: 33577808 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are ubiquitous human pathogens that cause a significant burden of respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal illnesses. Although HAdV infections are generally self-limiting, pediatric and immunocompromised individuals are at particular risk for developing severe disease. Currently, no approved antiviral therapies specific to HAdV exist. Recent outbreaks underscore the need for effective antiviral agents to treat life-threatening infections. In this review we will focus on recent developments in search of potential therapeutic agents for controlling HAdV infections, with a focus on those targeting post-entry stages of the virus replicative cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Dodge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katelyn M MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tanner M Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason B Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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18
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Prasad K, AlOmar SY, Alqahtani SAM, Malik MZ, Kumar V. Brain Disease Network Analysis to Elucidate the Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1875-1893. [PMID: 33409839 PMCID: PMC7787249 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although COVID-19 largely causes respiratory complications, it can also lead to various extrapulmonary manifestations resulting in higher mortality and these comorbidities are posing a challenge to the health care system. Reports indicate that 30–60% of patients with COVID-19 suffer from neurological symptoms. To understand the molecular basis of the neurologic comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, we have investigated the genetic association between COVID-19 and various brain disorders through a systems biology-based network approach and observed a remarkable resemblance. Our results showed 123 brain-related disorders associated with COVID-19 and form a high-density disease-disease network. The brain-disease-gene network revealed five highly clustered modules demonstrating a greater complexity of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, we have identified 35 hub proteins of the network which were largely involved in the protein catabolic process, cell cycle, RNA metabolic process, and nuclear transport. Perturbing these hub proteins by drug repurposing will improve the clinical conditions in comorbidity. In the near future, we assumed that in COVID-19 patients, many other neurological manifestations will likely surface. Thus, understanding the infection mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and associated comorbidity is a high priority to contain its short- and long-term effects on human health. Our network-based analysis strengthens the understanding of the molecular basis of the neurological manifestations observed in COVID-19 and also suggests drug for repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikay Prasad
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, 201303, India
| | - Suliman Yousef AlOmar
- Doping research chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Md Zubbair Malik
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, 201303, India.
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19
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Liao Y, Ke X, Deng T, Qin Q. The Second-Generation XPO1 Inhibitor Eltanexor Inhibits Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Replication and Promotes Type I Interferon Response. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:675112. [PMID: 34012430 PMCID: PMC8126617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.675112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen and can be life-threatening for immunocompromised individuals. There is currently no available vaccine for the prevention of HCMV- associated diseases and most of the available antiviral drugs that target viral DNA synthesis become ineffective in treating HCMV mutants that arise after long-term use in immunocompromised patients. Here, we examined the effects of Eltanexor, a second-generation selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), on HCMV replication. Eltanexor effectively inhibits HCMV replication in human foreskin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Eltanexor does not significantly inhibit viral entry and nuclear import of viral genomic DNA, but rather suppress the transcript and protein levels of viral immediate-early (IE), early (E) and late (L) genes, and abolishes the production of infectious virions. We further found Eltanexor treatment promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of XPO1, which contributes to the nuclear retention of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), resulting in increased expression of type I interferon as well as interferon stimulating genes ISG15 and ISG54. This study reveals a novel antiviral mechanism of Eltanexor which suggests it has potential to inhibit a broad spectrum of viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyan Liao
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiangyu Ke
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tianyi Deng
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qingsong Qin
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Qin,
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20
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Uddin MH, Zonder JA, Azmi AS. Exportin 1 inhibition as antiviral therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1775-1781. [PMID: 32569833 PMCID: PMC7305737 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19; caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2) is a currently global health problem. Previous studies showed that blocking nucleocytoplasmic transport with exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitors originally developed as anticancer drugs can quarantine key viral accessory proteins and genomic materials in the nucleus of host cell and reduce virus replication and immunopathogenicity. These observations support the concept of the inhibition of nuclear export as an effective strategy against an array of viruses, including influenza A, B, and SARS-CoV. Clinical studies using the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor as a therapy for COVID-19 infection are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Zonder
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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21
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Al-Horani RA, Kar S. Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics That Target the Post-Entry Stages of the Viral Life Cycle: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2020; 12:E1092. [PMID: 32993173 PMCID: PMC7600245 DOI: 10.3390/v12101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to challenge health care systems around the world. Scientists and pharmaceutical companies have promptly responded by advancing potential therapeutics into clinical trials at an exponential rate. Initial encouraging results have been realized using remdesivir and dexamethasone. Yet, the research continues so as to identify better clinically relevant therapeutics that act either as prophylactics to prevent the infection or as treatments to limit the severity of COVID-19 and substantially decrease the mortality rate. Previously, we reviewed the potential therapeutics in clinical trials that block the early stage of the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize potential anti-COVID-19 therapeutics that block/inhibit the post-entry stages of the viral life cycle. The review presents not only the chemical structures and mechanisms of the potential therapeutics under clinical investigation, i.e., listed in clinicaltrials.gov, but it also describes the relevant results of clinical trials. Their anti-inflammatory/immune-modulatory effects are also described. The reviewed therapeutics include small molecules, polypeptides, and monoclonal antibodies. At the molecular level, the therapeutics target viral proteins or processes that facilitate the post-entry stages of the viral infection. Frequent targets are the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the viral proteases such as papain-like protease (PLpro) and main protease (Mpro). Overall, we aim at presenting up-to-date details of anti-COVID-19 therapeutics so as to catalyze their potential effective use in fighting the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
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22
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Adenovirus infection and disease in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2020; 32:591-600. [PMID: 31567568 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on risk factors associated with adenovirus (ADV) infection in patients after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and on options for ADV monitoring and treatment in the setting of HCT. RECENT FINDINGS Among patients undergoing HCT, ADV infection continues to be more common amongst those receiving a T-cell-depleted or graft other than from a matched-related donor. Among children undergoing HCT, reactivation in the gastrointestinal tract appears to be the most common source, and the virus is detectable by quantitative PCR in the stool before it is detectable in the blood. Thus, screening for the virus in the stool of these children may allow for preemptive therapy to reduce mortality. Brincidofovir, although still not approved by any regulatory agency, remains a potential agent for preemptive therapy and for salvage in cases not responding to cidofovir. Rapidly generated off-the-shelf virus-specific T cells may facilitate adoptive cell therapy in populations with a special need and previously not eligible for adoptive cell therapy, such as cord blood recipients. SUMMARY ADV infection continues to adversely affect survival in HCT recipients. Screening stool in children and preemptive therapy may reduce mortality. Brincidofovir and adoptive T-cell therapy remain potential options for treatment.
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Wang B, Van Oekelen O, Mouhieddine TH, Del Valle DM, Richter J, Cho HJ, Richard S, Chari A, Gnjatic S, Merad M, Jagannath S, Parekh S, Madduri D. A tertiary center experience of multiple myeloma patients with COVID-19: lessons learned and the path forward. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:94. [PMID: 32664919 PMCID: PMC7359431 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in over 100,000 deaths in the USA. Our institution has treated over 2000 COVID-19 patients during the pandemic in New York City. The pandemic directly impacted cancer patients and the organization of cancer care. Mount Sinai Hospital has a large and diverse multiple myeloma (MM) population. Herein, we report the characteristics of COVID-19 infection and serological response in MM patients in a large tertiary care institution in New York. METHODS We performed a retrospective study on a cohort of 58 patients with a plasma-cell disorder (54 MM, 4 smoldering MM) who developed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. We report epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics including the persistence of viral detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, treatments initiated, and outcomes. RESULTS Of the 58 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 36 were hospitalized and 22 were managed at home. The median age was 67 years; 52% of patients were male and 63% were non-White. Hypertension (64%), hyperlipidemia (62%), obesity (37%), diabetes mellitus (28%), chronic kidney disease (24%), and lung disease (21%) were the most common comorbidities. In the total cohort, 14 patients (24%) died. Older age (> 70 years), male sex, cardiovascular risk, and patients not in complete remission (CR) or stringent CR were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with hospitalization. Among hospitalized patients, laboratory findings demonstrated elevation of traditional inflammatory markers (CRP, ferritin, D-dimer) and a significant (p < 0.05) association between elevated inflammatory markers, severe hypogammaglobulinemia, non-White race, and mortality. Ninety-six percent (22/23) of patients developed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at a median of 32 days after initial diagnosis. The median time to PCR negativity was 43 (range 19-68) days from initial positive PCR. CONCLUSIONS Drug exposure and MM disease status at the time of contracting COVID-19 had no bearing on mortality. Mounting a severe inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 and severe hypogammaglobulinemia was associated with higher mortality. The majority of patients mounted an antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. These findings pave a path to the identification of vulnerable MM patients who need early intervention to improve outcomes in future outbreaks of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Oliver Van Oekelen
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tarek H Mouhieddine
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Diane Marie Del Valle
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shambavi Richard
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deepu Madduri
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Wang B, Van Oekelen O, Mouhieddine TH, Del Valle DM, Richter J, Cho HJ, Richard S, Chari A, Gnjatic S, Merad M, Jagannath S, Parekh S, Madduri D. A tertiary center experience of multiple myeloma patients with COVID-19: lessons learned and the path forward. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.06.04.20122846. [PMID: 32577702 PMCID: PMC7302311 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in over 100,000 deaths in the United States. Our institution has treated over 2,000 COVID-19 patients during the pandemic in New York City. The pandemic directly impacted cancer patients and the organization of cancer care. Mount Sinai Hospital has a large and diverse multiple myeloma (MM) population. Herein, we report the characteristics of COVID-19 infection and serological response in MM patients in a large tertiary care institution in New York. METHODS We performed a retrospective study on a cohort of 58 patients with a plasma-cell disorder (54 MM, 4 smoldering MM) who developed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020. We report epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics including persistence of viral detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, treatments initiated, and outcomes. RESULTS Of the 58 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 36 were hospitalized and 22 were managed at home. The median age was 67 years; 52% of patients were male and 63% were non-white. Hypertension (64%), hyperlipidemia (62%), obesity (37%), diabetes mellitus (28%), chronic kidney disease (24%) and lung disease (21%) were the most common comorbidities. In the total cohort, 14 patients (24%) died. Older age (>70 years), male sex, cardiovascular risk, and patients not in complete remission (CR) or stringent CR were significantly (p<0.05) associated with hospitalization. Among hospitalized patients, laboratory findings demonstrated elevation of traditional inflammatory markers (CRP, ferritin, D-dimer) and a significant (p<0.05) association between elevated inflammatory markers, severe hypogammaglobulinemia, non-white race, and mortality. Ninety-six percent (22/23) of patients developed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at a median of 32 days after initial diagnosis. Median time to PCR negativity was 43 (range 19-68) days from initial positive PCR. CONCLUSIONS Drug exposure and MM disease status at the time of contracting COVID-19 had no bearing on mortality. Mounting a severe inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 and severe hypogammaglobulinemia were associated with higher mortality. The majority of patients mounted an antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. These findings pave a path to identification of vulnerable MM patients who need early intervention to improve outcome in future outbreaks of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Oliver Van Oekelen
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tarek H. Mouhieddine
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Diane Marie Del Valle
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shambavi Richard
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deepu Madduri
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Hahn F, Niesar A, Wangen C, Wild M, Grau B, Herrmann L, Capci A, Adrait A, Couté Y, Tsogoeva SB, Marschall M. Target verification of artesunate-related antiviral drugs: Assessing the role of mitochondrial and regulatory proteins by click chemistry and fluorescence labeling. Antiviral Res 2020; 180:104861. [PMID: 32590041 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with serious pathology such as transplant rejection or embryonic developmental defects. Antiviral treatment with currently available drugs targeting viral enzymes is often accompanied with severe side effects and the occurrence of drug-resistant viruses. For this reason, novel ways of anti-HCMV therapy focusing on so far unexploited small molecules, targets and mechanisms are intensively studied. Recently, we described the pronounced antiviral activity of the artesunate-related class of trioxane compounds, comprising NF-κB/signaling inhibitors like the trimeric derivative TF27, which proved to be highly active in a nanomolar range both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we extend this analysis by presenting further TF27/artesunate-derived antiviral compounds designed for their specific use in target verification by click chemistry applied in fluorescence labeling and tag affinity strategies. Our main findings are as follows: (i) compounds TF27, BG95, AC98 and AC173 exert strong inhibitory activity against HCMV replication in cultured primary human cells, (ii) autofluorescence activity could be quantitatively detected for BG95 and AC98, and confocal fluorescence imaging revealed accumulation in mitochondria, (iii) postulated cellular targets including mitochondrial proteins were down-regulated upon TF27 treatment, (iv) a click chemistry-based protocol of target enrichment was established, and (v) mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis, using proteins from HCMV-infected fibroblasts covalently interacting with AC173, revealed a refined list of targets. Combined, data strongly suggest a complex mode of antiviral drug-target interaction of artesunate-related compounds, now highlighting potential roles of mitochondrial, NF-κB pathway proteins, exportins and possibly more. This strategy may further promote antiviral drug development on the basis of pharmacologically optimized trioxane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Aischa Niesar
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christina Wangen
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Markus Wild
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Lars Herrmann
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Aysun Capci
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Annie Adrait
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, BGE, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Yohann Couté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, BGE, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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Walker JS, Garzon R, Lapalombella R. Selinexor for advanced hematologic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2335-2350. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1775210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janek S. Walker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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27
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Tessier TM, Dodge MJ, Prusinkiewicz MA, Mymryk JS. Viral Appropriation: Laying Claim to Host Nuclear Transport Machinery. Cells 2019; 8:E559. [PMID: 31181773 PMCID: PMC6627039 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein nuclear transport is an integral process to many cellular pathways and often plays a critical role during viral infection. To overcome the barrier presented by the nuclear membrane and gain access to the nucleus, virally encoded proteins have evolved ways to appropriate components of the nuclear transport machinery. By binding karyopherins, or the nuclear pore complex, viral proteins influence their own transport as well as the transport of key cellular regulatory proteins. This review covers how viral proteins can interact with different components of the nuclear import machinery and how this influences viral replicative cycles. We also highlight the effects that viral perturbation of nuclear transport has on the infected host and how we can exploit viruses as tools to study novel mechanisms of protein nuclear import. Finally, we discuss the possibility that drugs targeting these transport pathways could be repurposed for treating viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner M Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Mackenzie J Dodge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Martin A Prusinkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada.
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28
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Novel Therapeutics for Epstein⁻Barr Virus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050997. [PMID: 30871092 PMCID: PMC6429425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human γ-herpesvirus that infects up to 95% of the adult population. Primary EBV infection usually occurs during childhood and is generally asymptomatic, though the virus can cause infectious mononucleosis in 35–50% of the cases when infection occurs later in life. EBV infects mainly B-cells and epithelial cells, establishing latency in resting memory B-cells and possibly also in epithelial cells. EBV is recognized as an oncogenic virus but in immunocompetent hosts, EBV reactivation is controlled by the immune response preventing transformation in vivo. Under immunosuppression, regardless of the cause, the immune system can lose control of EBV replication, which may result in the appearance of neoplasms. The primary malignancies related to EBV are B-cell lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which reflects the primary cell targets of viral infection in vivo. Although a number of antivirals were proven to inhibit EBV replication in vitro, they had limited success in the clinic and to date no antiviral drug has been approved for the treatment of EBV infections. We review here the antiviral drugs that have been evaluated in the clinic to treat EBV infections and discuss novel molecules with anti-EBV activity under investigation as well as new strategies to treat EBV-related diseases.
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29
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Kosyna FK, Depping R. Controlling the Gatekeeper: Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear Transport. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110221. [PMID: 30469340 PMCID: PMC6262578 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors of the karyopherin superfamily of proteins transport macromolecules from one compartment to the other and are critical for both cell physiology and pathophysiology. The nuclear transport machinery is tightly regulated and essential to a number of key cellular processes since the spatiotemporally expression of many proteins and the nuclear transporters themselves is crucial for cellular activities. Dysregulation of the nuclear transport machinery results in localization shifts of specific cargo proteins and associates with the pathogenesis of disease states such as cancer, inflammation, viral illness and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibition of the nuclear transport system has future potential for therapeutic intervention and could contribute to the elucidation of disease mechanisms. In this review, we recapitulate clue findings in the pathophysiological significance of nuclear transport processes and describe the development of nuclear transport inhibitors. Finally, clinical implications and results of the first clinical trials are discussed for the most promising nuclear transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Kosyna
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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