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Marković F, Stjepanović M, Samardžić N, Kontić M. The Association of Immune-Related Adverse Events with the Efficacy of Atezolizumab in Previously Treated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2995. [PMID: 39272852 PMCID: PMC11394052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are pivotal in managing metastatic non-oncogene addicted non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They have unique toxicities known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Previous studies have linked irAEs during atezolizumab-based first-line treatments in advanced NSCLC with improved outcomes. This study explored the association between irAEs and the efficacy of atezolizumab in advanced NSCLC patients who had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy. The study involved 105 advanced NSCLC patients who received atezolizumab monotherapy after progressing on at least one line of platinum-based chemotherapy from a single academic institution in Serbia. Data were obtained from a hospital lung cancer registry. Among the participants, 63.8% were male, with the majority being current (53.3%) or former smokers (37.1%). About half had a good performance status (ECOG PS 0-1) at the start of atezolizumab treatment. irAEs occurred in 23 patients (21.9%). The median progression-free survival (mPFS) was significantly longer for patients with irAEs (13.03 months) compared to those without (3.4 months) (HR 0.365 [95% CI, 0.195-0.681], p = 0.002). irAEs and ECOG PS 0-1 were predictors of longer mPFS, with irAEs being more common in patients with good performance status (p = 0.01). irAEs were linked to improved mPFS in NSCLC patients treated with atezolizumab after multiple lines of platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Marković
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Stjepanović
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natalija Samardžić
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kontić
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Chen J, Wang S, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Shen J, Chai K. Identification of Biomarkers for Lung Adenocarcinoma With Qi Deficiency and Phlegm Dampness. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13812. [PMID: 39107932 PMCID: PMC11303266 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness (QPD) is one of the most common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aimed to identify syndrome-specific biomarkers for LUAD with QPD syndrome. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from LUAD patients with QPD, LUAD patients with non-QPD (N-QPD), and healthy control (H) were collected and analyzed with RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of each DEG was calculated, and the top 10 highest AUC DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a diagnostic model evaluated with AUC. RESULTS A total of 135 individuals were enrolled in this study (training set: 15 QPD, 15 N-QPD, 15 H; validation set: 30 QPD, 30 N-QPD, 30 H). A total of 1480 DEGs were identified between QPD and N-QPD. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of DDR2 was downregulated, and PPARG was upregulated, which was in line with the finding of the training set. We developed a diagnostic model with these two genes. The AUC of the diagnostic model in the training cohort and validation cohort was 0.891 and 0.777, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We identified the two genes (DDR2 and PPARG) as syndrome-specific biomarkers for LUAD with QPD syndrome and developed a novel diagnostic model, which may help to improve the accuracy and sensibility of clinical diagnosis and provide a new target for natural drug treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Chen
- Department of OncologyTongde Hospital of Zhejiang, affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of RespiratoryJinhua Guangfu HospitalJinhuaChina
| | - Qiaolei Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineCancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Jianfei Shen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTaizhou HospitalTaizhouChina
| | - Kequn Chai
- Department of OncologyTongde Hospital of Zhejiang, affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine UniversityHangzhouChina
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3
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Su H, Karin M. Multifaceted collagen-DDR1 signaling in cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:406-415. [PMID: 37709651 PMCID: PMC10927612 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In addition to immune cells and fibroblasts, the tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises an extracellular matrix (ECM) which contains collagens (COLs) whose architecture and remodeling dictate cancer development and progression. COL receptors expressed by cancer cells sense signals generated by microenvironmental alterations in COL state to regulate cell behavior and metabolism. Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a key sensor of COL fiber state and composition that controls tumor cell metabolism and growth, response to therapy, and patient survival. This review focuses on DDR1 to NRF2 signaling, its modulation of autophagy and macropinocytosis (MP), and its role in cancer and other diseases. Elucidating the regulation of DDR1 activity and expression under different pathophysiological conditions will facilitate the discovery of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Su
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Dodin Y. Identification of LGR4 as a prognostic biomarker in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma: Evidence from integrated bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36084. [PMID: 37986325 PMCID: PMC10659610 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, primarily non-small cell lung cancer. Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) mutations are common in non-small cell lung cancer and linked to a poor prognosis. Covalent inhibitors targeting KRAS-G12C mutation have improved treatment for some patients, but most KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (KRAS-MT LUAD) cases lack targeted therapies. This gap in treatment options underscores a significant challenge in the field. Our study aimed to identify hub/key genes specifically associated with KRAS-MT LUAD. These hub genes hold the potential to serve as therapeutic targets or biomarkers, providing insights into the pathogenesis and prognosis of lung cancer. We performed a comprehensive analysis on KRAS-MT LUAD samples using diverse data sources. This included TCGA project data for RNA-seq, clinical information, and somatic mutations, along with RNA-seq data for adjacent normal tissues. DESeq2 identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed co-expression modules. Overlapping genes between DEGs and co-expression module with the highest significance were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis. Hub genes were identified with the Maximal Clique Centrality algorithm in Cytoscape. Prognostic significance was assessed through survival analysis and validated using the GSE72094 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In KRAS-MT LUAD, 3122 DEGs were found (2131 up-regulated, 985 down-regulated). The blue module, among 25 co-expression modules from weighted gene co-expression network analysis, had the strongest correlation. 804 genes overlapped between DEGs and the blue module. Among 20 hub genes in the blue module, leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) overexpression correlated with worse overall survival. The prognostic significance of LGR4 was confirmed using GSE72094, but surprisingly, the direction of the association was opposite to what was expected. LGR4 stands as a promising biomarker in KRAS-MT LUAD prognosis. Contrasting associations in TCGA and GSE72094 datasets reveal the intricate nature of KRAS-MT LUAD. Additional explorations are imperative to grasp the precise involvement of LGR4 in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis, particularly concerning KRAS mutations. These insights could potentially pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions, addressing the existing unmet demands in this specific subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Dodin
- Cancer Control Office-King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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Cheema PK, Banerji SO, Blais N, Chu QSC, Juergens RA, Leighl NB, Sacher A, Sheffield BS, Snow S, Vincent M, Wheatley-Price PF, Yip S, Melosky BL. Canadian Consensus Recommendations on the Management of KRAS G12C-Mutated NSCLC. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6473-6496. [PMID: 37504336 PMCID: PMC10377814 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS), in particular, a point mutation leading to a glycine-to-cysteine substitution at codon 12 (G12C), are among the most frequent genomic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several agents targeting KRAS G12C have recently entered clinical development. Sotorasib, a first-in-class specific small molecule that irreversibly inhibits KRAS G12C, has since obtained Health Canada approval. The emergence of novel KRAS-targeted therapies warrants the development of evidence-based consensus recommendations to help clinicians better understand and contextualize the available data. A Canadian expert panel was convened to define the key clinical questions, review recent evidence, and discuss and agree on recommendations for the treatment of advanced KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC. The panel agreed that testing for KRAS G12C should be performed as part of a comprehensive panel that includes current standard-of-care biomarkers. Sotorasib, the only approved KRAS G12C inhibitor in Canada, is recommended for patients with advanced KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC who progressed on guideline-recommended first-line standard of care for advanced NSCLC without driver alterations (immune-checkpoint inhibitor(s) [ICIs] +/- chemotherapy). Sotorasib could also be offered as second-line therapy to patients who progressed on ICI monotherapy that are not candidates for a platinum doublet and those that received first-line chemotherapy with a contraindication to ICIs. Preliminary data indicate the activity of KRAS G12C inhibitors in brain metastases; however, the evidence is insufficient to make specific recommendations. Regular liver function monitoring is recommended when patients are prescribed KRAS G12C inhibitors due to risk of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parneet K. Cheema
- Division of Medical Oncology, William Osler Health System, University of Toronto, Brampton, ON L6R 3J7, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shantanu O. Banerji
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Normand Blais
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada;
| | - Quincy S.-C. Chu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Rosalyn A. Juergens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada;
| | - Natasha B. Leighl
- Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.B.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.B.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Brandon S. Sheffield
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, William Osler Health System, Brampton, ON L6R 3J7, Canada
| | - Stephanie Snow
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada;
| | - Mark Vincent
- Department of Medical Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - Paul F. Wheatley-Price
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
| | - Stephen Yip
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Barbara L. Melosky
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer-Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada;
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Kwok HH, Yang J, Lam DCL. Breaking the Invisible Barriers: Unleashing the Full Potential of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oncogene-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2749. [PMID: 37345086 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of targeted therapy paved the way toward personalized medicine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) harboring actionable genetic alternations including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (ALK) and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) incurred lesser treatment toxicity but better therapeutic responses compared with systemic chemotherapy. Angiogenesis inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have also shown an increase in overall survival (OS) for NSCLC patients. However, acquired resistance to these targeted therapies remains a major obstacle to long-term maintenance treatment for lung ADC patients. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has changed the treatment paradigm for NSCLC tumors without actionable genetic alternations. Clinical studies have suggested, however, that there are no survival benefits with the combination of targeted therapy and ICIs. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the tumor immune microenvironment and the dynamics of immune phenotypes, which could be crucial in extending the applicability of ICIs for this subpopulation of lung ADC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Hin Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiashuang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Chi-Leung Lam
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Lv X, Mao Z, Sun X, Liu B. Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2709. [PMID: 37345046 PMCID: PMC10216154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer (LC) is always a challenge. The difficulty in the decision of therapeutic schedule and diagnosis is directly related to intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in the progression of LC. It has been proven that most tumors emerge and evolve under the pressure of their living microenvironment, which involves genetic, immunological, metabolic, and therapeutic components. While most research on ITH revealed multiple mechanisms and characteristic, a systemic exposition of ITH in LC is still hard to find. In this review, we describe how ITH in LC develops from the perspective of space and time. We discuss elaborate details and affection of every aspect of ITH in LC and the relationship between them. Based on ITH in LC, we describe a more accurate multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy on LC and provide the newest opinion on the potential approach of LC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Lv
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China;
| | - Zixian Mao
- Pujiang Community Health Center of Minhang District of Shanghai, Shanghai 201114, China;
| | - Xianjun Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China;
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China;
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
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Cavagna RDO, Pinto IA, Escremim de Paula F, Berardinelli GN, Sant'Anna D, Santana I, da Silva VD, Da Silva ECA, Miziara JE, Mourão Dias J, Antoniazzi A, Jacinto A, De Marchi P, Molina-Vila MA, Ferro Leal L, Reis RM. Disruptive and Truncating TP53 Mutations Are Associated with African-Ancestry and Worse Prognosis in Brazilian Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Pathobiology 2023; 90:344-355. [PMID: 37031678 DOI: 10.1159/000530587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in lung tumors, but its prognostic role in admixed populations, such as Brazilians, remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and clinicopathological impact of TP53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in Brazil. METHODS We analyzed 446 NSCLC patients from Barretos Cancer Hospital. TP53 mutational status was evaluated through targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the variants were biologically classified as disruptive/nondisruptive and as truncating/nontruncating. We also assessed genetic ancestry using 46 ancestry-informative markers. Analysis of lung adenocarcinomas from the cBioportal dataset was performed. We further examined associations of TP53 mutations with patients' clinicopathological features. RESULTS TP53 mutations were detected in 64.3% (n = 287/446) of NSCLC cases, with a prevalence of 60.4% (n = 221/366) in lung adenocarcinomas. TP53 mutations were associated with brain metastasis at diagnosis, tobacco consumption, and higher African ancestry. Disruptive and truncating mutations were associated with a younger age at diagnosis. Additionally, cBioportal dataset revealed that TP53 mutations were associated with younger age and Black skin color. Patients harboring disruptive/truncating TP53 mutations had worse overall survival than nondisruptive/nontruncating and wild-type patients. CONCLUSION TP53 mutations are common in Brazilian lung adenocarcinomas, and their biological characterization as disruptive and truncating mutations is associated with African ancestry and shorter overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Icaro Alves Pinto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Débora Sant'Anna
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Santana
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Elias Miziara
- Department Thoracic Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Antoniazzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oncogenetics / Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Jacinto
- Department of Radiotherapy, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro De Marchi
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Barretos School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata, FACISB, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga-Guimarães, Portugal
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9
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Biological and Genetic Mechanisms of COPD, Its Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship with Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020448. [PMID: 36830984 PMCID: PMC9953173 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent chronic adult diseases, with significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Although long-term tobacco smoking is a critical risk factor for this global health problem, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Several phenomena are thought to be involved in the evolution of emphysema, including airway inflammation, proteinase/anti-proteinase imbalance, oxidative stress, and genetic/epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, COPD is one main risk for lung cancer (LC), the deadliest form of human tumor; formation and chronic inflammation accompanying COPD can be a potential driver of malignancy maturation (0.8-1.7% of COPD cases develop cancer/per year). Recently, the development of more research based on COPD and lung cancer molecular analysis has provided new light for understanding their pathogenesis, improving the diagnosis and treatments, and elucidating many connections between these diseases. Our review emphasizes the biological factors involved in COPD and lung cancer, the advances in their molecular mechanisms' research, and the state of the art of diagnosis and treatments. This work combines many biological and genetic elements into a single whole and strongly links COPD with lung tumor features.
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Singharajkomron N, Yodsurang V, Seephan S, Kungsukool S, Petchjorm S, Maneeganjanasing N, Promboon W, Dangwilailuck W, Pongrakhananon V. Evaluating the Expression and Prognostic Value of Genes Encoding Microtubule-Associated Proteins in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314724. [PMID: 36499051 PMCID: PMC9738182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) play essential roles in cancer development. This study aimed to identify transcriptomic biomarkers among MAP genes for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer by analyzing differential gene expressions and correlations with tumor progression. Gene expression data of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to identify differentially expressed MAP genes (DEMGs). Their prognostic value was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Moreover, the relationships between alterations in lung cancer hallmark genes and the expression levels of DEMGs were investigated. The candidate biomarker genes were validated using three independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on clinical samples. A total of 88 DEMGs were identified from TCGA data. The 20 that showed the highest differential expression were subjected to association analysis with hallmark genes. Genetic alterations in TP53, EGFR, PTEN, NTRK1, and PIK3CA correlated with the expression of most of these DEMGs. Of these, six candidates-NUF2, KIF4A, KIF18B, DLGAP5, NEK2, and LRRK2-were significantly differentially expressed and correlated with the overall survival (OS) of the patients. The mRNA expression profiles of these candidates were consistently verified using three GEO datasets and qRT-PCR on patient lung tissues. The expression levels of NUF2, KIF4A, KIF18B, DLGAP5, NEK2, and LRRK2 can serve as diagnostic biomarkers for LUAD and LUSC. Moreover, the first five can serve as prognostic biomarkers for LUAD, while LRRK2 can be a prognostic biomarker for LUSC. Our research describes the novel role and potential application of MAP-encoding genes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsaranyatron Singharajkomron
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Varalee Yodsurang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy, Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suthasinee Seephan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sakkarin Kungsukool
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Central Chest Institute of Thailand, Muang District, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Supinda Petchjorm
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Central Chest Institute of Thailand, Muang District, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Nara Maneeganjanasing
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Warunyu Promboon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wadsana Dangwilailuck
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy, Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-218-8325; Fax: +662-218-8340
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11
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Abbasian MH, Ardekani AM, Sobhani N, Roudi R. The Role of Genomics and Proteomics in Lung Cancer Early Detection and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5144. [PMID: 36291929 PMCID: PMC9600051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the primary type. Unfortunately, it is often diagnosed at advanced stages, when therapy leaves patients with a dismal prognosis. Despite the advances in genomics and proteomics in the past decade, leading to progress in developing tools for early diagnosis, targeted therapies have shown promising results; however, the 5-year survival of NSCLC patients is only about 15%. Low-dose computed tomography or chest X-ray are the main types of screening tools. Lung cancer patients without specific, actionable mutations are currently treated with conventional therapies, such as platinum-based chemotherapy; however, resistances and relapses often occur in these patients. More noninvasive, inexpensive, and safer diagnostic methods based on novel biomarkers for NSCLC are of paramount importance. In the current review, we summarize genomic and proteomic biomarkers utilized for the early detection and treatment of NSCLC. We further discuss future opportunities to improve biomarkers for early detection and the effective treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Abbasian
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 1497716316, Iran
| | - Ali M. Ardekani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 1497716316, Iran
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Identifying General Tumor and Specific Lung Cancer Biomarkers by Transcriptomic Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071082. [PMID: 36101460 PMCID: PMC9313083 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bioinformatic pipeline previously developed in our research laboratory is used to identify potential general and specific deregulated tumor genes and transcription factors related to the establishment and progression of tumoral diseases, now comparing lung cancer with other two types of cancer. Twenty microarray datasets were selected and analyzed separately to identify hub differentiated expressed genes and compared to identify all the deregulated genes and transcription factors in common between the three types of cancer and those unique to lung cancer. The winning DEGs analysis allowed to identify an important number of TFs deregulated in the majority of microarray datasets, which can become key biomarkers of general tumors and specific to lung cancer. A coexpression network was constructed for every dataset with all deregulated genes associated with lung cancer, according to DAVID’s tool enrichment analysis, and transcription factors capable of regulating them, according to oPOSSUM´s tool. Several genes and transcription factors are coexpressed in the networks, suggesting that they could be related to the establishment or progression of the tumoral pathology in any tissue and specifically in the lung. The comparison of the coexpression networks of lung cancer and other types of cancer allowed the identification of common connectivity patterns with deregulated genes and transcription factors correlated to important tumoral processes and signaling pathways that have not been studied yet to experimentally validate their role in lung cancer. The Kaplan–Meier estimator determined the association of thirteen deregulated top winning transcription factors with the survival of lung cancer patients. The coregulatory analysis identified two top winning transcription factors networks related to the regulatory control of gene expression in lung and breast cancer. Our transcriptomic analysis suggests that cancer has an important coregulatory network of transcription factors related to the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, lung cancer has a group of genes and transcription factors unique to pulmonary tissue that are coexpressed during tumorigenesis and must be studied experimentally to fully understand their role in the pathogenesis within its very complex transcriptomic scenario. Therefore, the downstream bioinformatic analysis developed was able to identify a coregulatory metafirm of cancer in general and specific to lung cancer taking into account the great heterogeneity of the tumoral process at cellular and population levels.
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13
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Scandolara TB, Valle SF, Esteves C, Scherer NDM, de Armas EM, Furtado C, Gomes R, Boroni M, Jaques HDS, Alves FM, Rech D, Panis C, Bonvicino CR. Somatic DNA Damage Response and Homologous Repair Gene Alterations and Its Association With Tumor Variant Burden in Breast Cancer Patients With Occupational Exposure to Pesticides. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904813. [PMID: 35875117 PMCID: PMC9305859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination is a crucial pathway that is specialized in repairing double-strand breaks; thus, alterations in genes of this pathway may lead to loss of genomic stability and cell growth suppression. Pesticide exposure potentially increases cancer risk through several mechanisms, such as the genotoxicity caused by chronic exposure, leading to gene alteration. To analyze this hypothesis, we investigated if breast cancer patients exposed to pesticides present a different mutational pattern in genes related to homologous recombination (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, and RAD51D) and damage-response (TP53) concerning unexposed patients. We performed multiplex PCR-based assays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of all coding regions and flanking splicing sites of BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, TP53, and RAD51D in 158 unpaired tumor samples from breast cancer patients on MiSeq (Illumina) platform. We found that exposed patients had tumors with more pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants than unexposed patients (p = 0.017). In general, tumors that harbored a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant had a higher mutational burden (p < 0.001). We also observed that breast cancer patients exposed to pesticides had a higher mutational burden when diagnosed before 50 years old (p = 0.00978) and/or when carrying BRCA1 (p = 0.0138), BRCA2 (p = 0.0366), and/or PALB2 (p = 0.00058) variants, a result not found in the unexposed group. Our results show that pesticide exposure impacts the tumor mutational landscape and could be associated with the carcinogenesis process, therapy response, and disease progression. Further studies should increase the observation period in exposed patients to better evaluate the impact of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Basso Scandolara
- Department of Genetics, Biology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sara Ferreira Valle
- Department of Genetics, Biology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Esteves
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicole de Miranda Scherer
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvismary Molina de Armas
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Informatics, Pontificia Universidade Católica (PUC)-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Furtado
- Division of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renan Gomes
- Division of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Mara Alves
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
- Department of Genetics, Biology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Kazeminasab S, Ghanbari R, Emamalizadeh B, Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Taghizadieh A, Jouyban A, Khoubnasabjafari M. Exhaled breath condensate efficacy to identify mutations in patients with lung cancer: A pilot study. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:370-383. [PMID: 35249462 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2046278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is used to investigate the efficacy of EBC to detect the genetic mutations in patients with lung cancer. Samples of 5 patients and 5 healthy volunteers were collected. DNA was extracted and used for amplification of hotspot regions of TP53 and KRAS genes by using PCR. We performed the mutation analysis by direct sequencing in all subjects. Detected mutations in EBC samples were compared with those of corresponding tumor tissues and there was complete agreement within the detected mutations in EBC and tumorous tissue. EBC can be used as an efficient and noninvasive source for the assessment of gene mutations in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kazeminasab
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbari
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Emamalizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Taghizadieh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Deletion of TRIB3 disrupts the tumor progression induced by integrin αvβ3 in lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:459. [PMID: 35473511 PMCID: PMC9044834 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrin αvβ3 has been proposed as crucial determinant for tumor sustained progression and a molecular marker for the estimation of tumor angiogenesis. Our study suggested that integrin αvβ3 could efficiently promote lung cancer cell proliferation and stem-like phenotypes in a tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) dependent manner. RESULT Integrin αvβ3 could mediate the activation of FAK/AKT pro-survival signaling pathway. Meanwhile, activated TRIB3 interacted with AKT to upregulated FOXO1 and SOX2 expression, resulting in sustained tumor progression in lung cancer. Our further analysis revealed that TRIB3 was significantly upregulated in lung tumor tissues and correlated with the poor outcome in clinical patients, indicating the potential role of TRIB3 in diagnostic and prognostic estimation for patients with lung cancer. CONCLUSION Our study showed here for the first time that integrin αvβ3 promote lung cancer development by activating the FAK/AKT/SOX2 axis in a TRIB3 dependent signaling pathway, and interrupting TRIB3/AKT interaction significantly improved the outcome of chemotherapy in tumor-bearing mice, representing a promising therapeutic strategy in lung cancer.
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16
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Daily Practice Assessment of KRAS Status in NSCLC Patients: A New Challenge for the Thoracic Pathologist Is Right around the Corner. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071628. [PMID: 35406400 PMCID: PMC8996900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAS mutation is the most frequent oncogenic alteration in human cancers and KRAS is the most frequently mutated, notably in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Various attempts to inhibit KRAS in the past were unsuccessful in these latter tumors. However, recently, several small molecules (AMG510, MRTX849, JNJ-74699157, and LY3499446) have been developed to specifically target KRAS G12C-mutated tumors, which seems promising for patient treatment and should soon be administered in daily practice for non-squamous (NS)-NSCLC. In this context, it will be mandatory to systematically assess the KRAS status in routine clinical practice, at least in advanced NS-NSCLC, leading to new challenges for thoracic oncologists. Abstract KRAS mutations are among the most frequent genomic alterations identified in non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinomas (NS-NSCLC), notably in lung adenocarcinomas. In most cases, these mutations are mutually exclusive, with different genomic alterations currently known to be sensitive to therapies targeting EGFR, ALK, BRAF, ROS1, and NTRK. Recently, several promising clinical trials targeting KRAS mutations, particularly for KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC, have established new hope for better treatment of patients. In parallel, other studies have shown that NSCLC harboring co-mutations in KRAS and STK11 or KEAP1 have demonstrated primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, the assessment of the KRAS status in advanced-stage NS-NSCLC has become essential to setting up an optimal therapeutic strategy in these patients. This stimulated the development of new algorithms for the management of NSCLC samples in pathology laboratories and conditioned reorganization of optimal health care of lung cancer patients by the thoracic pathologists. This review addresses the recent data concerning the detection of KRAS mutations in NSCLC and focuses on the new challenges facing pathologists in daily practice for KRAS status assessment.
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Šutić M, Vukić A, Baranašić J, Försti A, Džubur F, Samaržija M, Jakopović M, Brčić L, Knežević J. Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Management. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1102. [PMID: 34834454 PMCID: PMC8624402 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite growing efforts for its early detection by screening populations at risk, the majority of lung cancer patients are still diagnosed in an advanced stage. The management of lung cancer has dramatically improved in the last decade and is no longer based on the "one-fits-all" paradigm or the general histological classification of non-small cell versus small cell lung cancer. Emerging options of targeted therapies and immunotherapies have shifted the management of lung cancer to a more personalized treatment approach, significantly influencing the clinical course and outcome of the disease. Molecular biomarkers have emerged as valuable tools in the prognosis and prediction of therapy response. In this review, we discuss the relevant biomarkers used in the clinical management of lung tumors, from diagnosis to prognosis. We also discuss promising new biomarkers, focusing on non-small cell lung cancer as the most abundant type of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šutić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Ana Vukić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Jurica Baranašić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feđa Džubur
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.D.); (M.S.); (M.J.)
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Samaržija
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.D.); (M.S.); (M.J.)
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Jakopović
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.D.); (M.S.); (M.J.)
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Brčić
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
- Faculties for Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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18
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Huang T, Yan T, Chen G, Zhang C. Development and Validation of a Gene Mutation-Associated Nomogram for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients From Four Countries. Front Genet 2021; 12:714639. [PMID: 34621291 PMCID: PMC8490742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.714639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genomic alteration is the basis of occurrence and development of carcinoma. Specific gene mutation may be associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients without distant or lymphatic metastases. Hence, we developed a nomogram based on prognostic gene mutations that could predict the overall survival of HCC patients at early stage and provide reference for immunotherapy. Methods: HCC cohorts were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. The total patient was randomly assigned to training and validation sets. Univariate and multivariate cox analysis were used to select significant variables for construction of nomogram. The support vector machine (SVM) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the distinguished effect of significant genes. Besides, the nomogram model was evaluated by concordance index, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), CIBERSORT, Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) and Immunophenoscore (IPS) were utilized to explore the potential mechanism of immune-related process and immunotherapy. Results: A total of 695 HCC patients were selected in the process including 495 training patients and 200 validation patients. Nomogram was constructed based on T stage, age, country, mutation status of DOCK2, EYS, MACF1 and TP53. The assessment showed the nomogram has good discrimination and high consistence between predicted and actual data. Furthermore, we found T cell exclusion was the potential mechanism of malignant progression in high-risk group. Meanwhile, low-risk group might be sensitive to immunotherapy and benefit from CTLA-4 blocker treatment. Conclusion: Our research established a nomogram based on mutant genes and clinical parameters, and revealed the underlying association between these risk factors and immune-related process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingping Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gonghai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Hsieh FM, Lai ST, Wu MF, Lin CC. Identification and Elucidation of the Protective isomiRs in Lung Cancer Patient Prognosis. Front Genet 2021; 12:702695. [PMID: 34589114 PMCID: PMC8474875 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.702695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 20–22 nucleotides in length, which are well known to participate in the post-transcriptional modification. The mature miRNAs were observed to be varied on 5′ or 3′ that raise another term—the isoforms of mature miRNAs (isomiRs), which have been proven not the artifacts and discussed widely recently. In our research, we focused on studying the 5′ isomiRs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We characterized 75 isomiRs significantly associated with better prognosis and 43 isomiRs with poor prognosis. The 75 protective isomiRs can successfully distinguish tumors from normal samples and are expressed differently between patients of early and late stages. We also found that most of the protective isomiRs tend to be with downstream shift and upregulated compared with those with upstream shift, implying that a possible selection occurs during cancer development. Among these protective isomiRs, we observed a highly positive and significant correlation, as well as in harmful isomiRs, suggesting cooperation within the group. However, between protective and harmful, there is no such a concordance but conversely more negative correlation, suggesting the possible antagonistic effect between protective and harmful isomiRs. We also identified that two isomiRs miR-181a-3p|-3 and miR-181a-3p|2, respectively, belong to the harmful and protective groups, suggesting a bidirectional regulation of their originated archetype—miR-181a-3p. Additionally, we found that the protective isomiRs of miR-21-5p, which is an oncomiR, may be evolved as the tumor suppressors through producing isomiRs to hinder metastasis. In summary, these results displayed the characteristics of the protective isomiRs and their potential for developing the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ting Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhao R, Gao S, He H, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wen X. Evaluation on the Distribution of EGFR, KRAS and BRAF Genes and the Expression of PD-L1 in Different Types of Lung Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:5615-5620. [PMID: 34548813 PMCID: PMC8449634 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s316151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the distribution of high frequency mutant genes and the expression of PDL1 in different types of lung cancer. Methods This retrospective analysis was conducted on 330 patients who were diagnosed with primary lung cancer and treated in our hospital from October 2018 to October 2020. The patients were listed into non-small cell carcinoma group (101 cases), squamous carcinoma group (28 cases) and adenocarcinoma group (201 cases) according to their pathological results. The gene mutations were detected using EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF gene mutation detection kits, and the expression of PDL1 was detected by immunostaining. The mutation of EGFR, KRAS and BRAF genes and PDL1 expression in patients with different types of lung cancer were compared. Results The patients in the adenocarcinoma group had the highest incidence of EGFR gene mutation, the mutation rate of the gene whose mutation location was exon 18 was significantly higher, and the difference between each group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The patients in the adenocarcinoma group had the highest incidence of KRAS gene mutation, the mutation rate of the gene whose mutation location was exon 2 was obviously the highest, exon 15 was the lowest, and the difference between each group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of BRAF gene mutations among groups, and all mutations occurred on exon 15, with no statistically significant difference between each group (P > 0.05). PD-L1 expression in NSCLC patients was significantly higher than that in other lung cancer patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion EGFR and KRAS genes showed obvious specific expressions in patients with different types of lung cancer and they were more common in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Gene mutation and PDL1 expression are high in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqi He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
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Zhang D, Li Y, Li H, Tang T, Zheng Y, Guo X, Xu X. A Preliminary Study of the Complement Component 1q Levels in Predicting the Efficacy of Combined Immunotherapy in Patients with Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7131-7137. [PMID: 34531687 PMCID: PMC8439965 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s314369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the value of serum complement component 1q (C1q) levels in predicting the efficacy of combined immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Methods A total of 42 patients with lung cancer who received combined immunotherapy in the cancer center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were included in this study. The clinical data of serum C1q and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels before and three weeks after immunotherapy were collected. Results Response evaluation showed that the number of patients with complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) was 0 (0%), 26 (61.9%), 14 (33.3%), and 2 (4.8%), respectively. The CR/PR group (patients with CR or PR) showed higher pC1q (C1q level before immunotherapy) and iC1q (C1q level 3 weeks after immunotherapy) than the SD/PD group (patients with SD or PD). The LDH reduction (96.2%) and C1q increment (84.6%) in the CR/PR group 3 weeks after immunotherapy were higher than those of the SD/PD group, and the differences were statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis indicated that pC1q, iC1q, and LDH level trends 3 weeks after the treatment were significantly correlated to the efficacy of combined immunotherapy with odds ratios of 8.185, 5.500, and 0.031, respectively. Conclusion High C1q levels before immunotherapy and increased C1q levels and decreased LDH levels 3 weeks afterward suggest good therapeutic effects of combined immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Serum C1q levels have certain clinical significance in predicting the efficacy of combined immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoming Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfa Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Guo
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Abosalema H, Mahgoub S, Emara M, Kotb N, Soror S. Interrupted crosstalk between natural killer cells and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor: a possible role in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment failure. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:601-607. [PMID: 34011259 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210519105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed for the first time at late stages; this leads to a very poor prognosis. It is challenging to discover strategies for treatment at these advanced stages. Recently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting specific cellular signaling pathways in HCC have been developed. Unfortunately, they still have a low survival rate, and some of them failed clinically to produce effective responses even if they showed very good results against HCC in preclinical studies. This review focuses on and discusses the possible causes for the failure of mAbs, precisely anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mAb and the crosstalk between this mAb and patients' NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer Abosalema
- Deputy of Technical Mmanager, Biotechnology Unit, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Giza, 12654, Egypt
| | - Shahenda Mahgoub
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo,11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Emara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo,11795, Egypt
| | - Nahla Kotb
- Manager of Blood Derivative Unite, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 12654, Egypt
| | - Sameh Soror
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo,11795, Egypt
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Ma F, Laster K, Nie W, Liu F, Kim DJ, Lee MH, Bai R, Yang R, Liu K, Dong Z. Heterogeneity Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cell Lines, Tumor Tissues and Patient-Derived Xenografts. J Cancer 2021; 12:3930-3944. [PMID: 34093800 PMCID: PMC8176252 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant type of Esophageal Cancer (EC), accounting for nearly 88% of EC incidents worldwide. Importantly, it is also a life-threatening cancer for patients diagnosed in advanced stages, with only a 20% 5-year survival rate due to a limited number of actionable targets and therapeutic options. Increasing evidence has shown that inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity are widely distributed across ESCC tumor tissues. In our work, multi-omics data from ESCC cell lines, tumor tissue, normal tissue and Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) tissues were analyzed to investigate the heterogeneity among ESCC samples at the DNA, RNA, and protein level. We identified enrichment of ECM-receptor interaction and Focal adhesion pathways from the subset of protein-coding genes with non-silent mutations in ESCC patients. We also found that TP53, TTN, KMT2D, CSMD3, DNAH5, MUC16 and DST are the most frequently mutated genes in ESCC patient samples. Out of the identified genes, TP53 is the most frequently mutated, with 84 distinct non-silent mutation variants. We observed that p.R248Q, p.R175G/H, and p.R273C/H are the most common TP53 mutation variants. The diversity of TP53 mutations reveal its importance in ESCC progression and may also provide promising targets for precision therapeutics. Additionally, we identified the Olfactory transduction as the top signaling pathway, enriched from genes uniquely expressed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-ESCC patient tumor tissues, which may provide implications for the exact roles of the corresponding genes in ESCC. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit beta 1(CNGB1), a gene belonging to the Olfactory transduction pathway, was found exclusively overexpressed in ESCC. Expression of CNGB1 could serve as a marker, indicating potential diagnostic or therapeutic value. Finally, we investigated heterogeneity in the context of the ESCC PDX model, which is an emerging tool used to predict drug response and recapitulate tumor behavior in vivo. We observed trans-species heterogeneity in as high as 75% of the identified proteins, indicating that the ambiguity of proteins should be addressed by specific strategies to avoid drawing false conclusions. The identification and characterization of gene mutation and expression heterogeneity across different ESCC datasets, including various novel TP53 mutations, ECM-receptor interaction, Focal adhesion, and Olfactory transduction pathways (CNGB1), provide researchers with evidence and implications for accurate research and precision therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayang Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Kyle Laster
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Wenna Nie
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China.,College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruihua Bai
- Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Rendong Yang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China.,Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China.,Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
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Mehta V, Chander H, Munshi A. Complex roles of discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1497-1510. [PMID: 33634432 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2 are members of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family that serves as a non-integrin collagen receptor and were initially identified as critical regulators of embryonic development and cellular homeostasis. In recent years, numerous studies have focused on the role of these receptors in disease development, in particular, cancer where they have been reported to augment ECM remodeling, invasion, drug resistance to facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Interestingly, accumulating evidence also suggests that DDRs promote apoptosis and suppress tumor progression in various human cancers due to which their functions in cancer remain ill-defined and presents a case of an interesting therapeutic target. The present review has discussed the role of DDRs in tumorigenesis and the metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mehta
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.
| | - H Chander
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.,National Institute of Biologicals, Sector 62, Noida-201309, India
| | - A Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
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25
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Shojaeian S, Moazeni-Roodi A, Allameh A, Garajei A, Kazemnejad A, Kabir K, Zarnani AH. Methylation of TGM-3 Promoter and Its Association with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2021; 13:65-73. [PMID: 34012521 PMCID: PMC8112137 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v13i2.5523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is among the ten most common cancers worldwide. Hypermethylation of CpG sites in the promoter region and subsequent down-regulation of a tumor suppressor gene, TGM-3 has been proposed to be linked to different types of human cancers including OSCC. In this study, methylation status of CpG sites in the promoter region of TGM-3 has been evaluated in a cohort of patients with OSCC compared to normal controls. Methods: Forty fresh tissue samples were obtained from newly diagnosed OSCC patients and normal individuals referred to dentistry clinic for tooth extraction. DNA was extracted, bisulfite conversion was performed and it was subjected to PCR using bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP) primers. Prepared samples were sequenced on a DNA analyzer with both forward and reverse primers of the region of interest. The peak height values of cytosine and thymine were calculated and methylation levels for each CpG site within the DNA sequence was quantified. Results: Quantitative DNA methylation analyses in CpG islands revealed that it was significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to controls. DNA methylation at CpG1/CpG3/CpG5 (p=0.004–0.01) and CpG1/CpG3 (p=0.001–0.019) sites was associated with tumor stage and grade, respectively. Male OSCC patients had higher methylation rate at CpG3 (p=0.032), while smoker patients showed higher methylation rate at CpG6 (p=0.045). Conclusion: These results manifested the contribution of DNA methylation of TGM-3 in OSCC and its potential association with clinico-pathologic parameters in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Shojaeian
- Department of Biochemistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Garajei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, The Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Bio-statistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Kabir
- Department of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Burns TF, Borghaei H, Ramalingam SS, Mok TS, Peters S. Targeting KRAS-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: One Mutation at a Time, With a Focus on KRAS G12C Mutations. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:4208-4218. [PMID: 33104438 PMCID: PMC7723684 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Burns
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Division of Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tony S Mok
- State Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University, Switzerland
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27
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Gašperšič J, Videtič Paska A. Potential of modern circulating cell-free DNA diagnostic tools for detection of specific tumour cells in clinical practice. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2020; 30:030504. [PMID: 32774122 PMCID: PMC7394254 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2020.030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a developing field of medicine that has gained in importance in recent decades. New diagnostic tests based on the analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) were developed as a tool of diagnosing different cancer types. By detecting the subpopulation of mutated DNA from cancer cells, it is possible to detect the presence of a specific tumour in early stages of the disease. Mutation analysis is performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or the next generation sequencing (NGS), however, cfDNA protocols need to be modified carefully in preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical stages. To further improve treatment of cancer the Food and Drug Administration approved more than 20 companion diagnostic tests that combine cancer drugs with highly efficient genetic diagnostic tools. Tools detect mutations in the DNA originating from cancer cells directly through the subpopulation of cfDNA, the circular tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis or with visualization of cells through intracellular DNA probes. A large number of ctDNA tests in clinical studies demonstrate the importance of new findings in the field of cancer diagnosis. We describe the innovations in personalized medicine: techniques for detecting ctDNA and genomic DNA (gDNA) mutations approved Food and Drug Administration companion genetic diagnostics, candidate genes for assembling the cancer NGS panels, and a brief mention of the multitude of cfDNA currently in clinical trials. Additionally, an overview of the development steps of the diagnostic tools will refresh and expand the knowledge of clinics and geneticists for research opportunities beyond the development phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Gašperšič
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Videtič Paska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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28
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Ghasemi S, Mahaki B, Dreassi E, Aghamohammadi S. Spatial Variation in Lung Cancer Mortality and Related Men-Women Disparities in Iran from 2011 to 2014. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4615-4624. [PMID: 32606954 PMCID: PMC7306464 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s247178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer is considered as a common cause of cancer mortality. The disease represents the second and third causes of deaths from cancer among Iranian women and men, respectively. The present study aimed to evaluate the spatial variations in relative risk of lung cancer mortality in Iran and its relation to common risk factors between men and women and specific risk factors among women. Methods In this ecological study, the lung cancer mortality data were analyzed in Iran during 2011–2014. Besag, York, and Mollie’s (BYM) model and shared component model (SCM) were used to compare the spatial variations of the relative risk of lung cancer mortality by applying OpenBUGS version 3.2.3 and R version 3.6.1. Results The median age for death due to lung cancer in Iran is 74 years. During 2011–2014, the age-standardized lung cancer mortality rates among men and women were 12 and 5 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. In addition, almost similar spatial patterns were observed for both men and women. Further, risk factors, which are shared between men and women, were considered as the main cause of variation of lung cancer mortality relative risk in the regions under study for both men and women. The highest impact of the women-specific risk factors was estimated in northeastern and southwestern of the country while the lowest was related to Gilan province in northern part of Iran. Conclusion Based on the spatial pattern, lung cancer risk factors are at relatively high levels in most parts of Iran, especially in the northwest of the country. Regarding the women, the high-risk regions were considerably extended. Further, the highest concentration of the specific risk factors among women was observed in the eastern, central, and southwestern parts. The smoking effect, and the second-smoking effect and environmental pollutions could play more significant roles for men and women, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Emanuela Dreassi
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications (DiSIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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29
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Ni Q, Pan C, Dai S, Wang P. Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy as a Promising Therapy for a EGFR Exon 19 Deletion with MET Amplification Patient with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3039-3044. [PMID: 32308434 PMCID: PMC7154000 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s243988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion often get benefits from the treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). In the same way, the NSCLC patients with mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) amplification get benefits from crizotinib. The treatment becomes extremely difficult for the patients with both EGFR exon 19 deletion and MET amplification, after failure of first-line TKI. An advanced NSCLC patient with EGFR exon 19 deletion was treated with TKI. However, the disease recurred after four months. MET amplification was found after biopsy again. The patient was treated with the combination of crizotinib, while the disease recurred after eight months. The patient was treated by pembrolizumab and pemetrexed + carboplatin chemotherapy as salvage therapy. The therapeutic effect has been remarkable up to present. In conclusion, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy could be a promising therapy for the NSCLC patients with both EGFR exon 19 deletion and MET amplification after the failure of first-line TKI treatment. Thus, further insights into the variant genes contribute to NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingTao Ni
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - ShengBin Dai
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
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30
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Aramini B, Banchelli F, Bettelli S, Manfredini S, D'Amico R, Masciale V, Pinelli M, Moretti M, Stefani A, Bertolini F, Dominici M, Morandi U, Maiorana A. Overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring "niche" mutations: an observational study. Oncotarget 2020; 11:550-559. [PMID: 32082488 PMCID: PMC7007296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In addition to the most common somatic lung cancer mutations (i. e., KRAS and EGFR mutations), other genes may harbor mutations that could be relevant for lung cancer. We defined BRAF, c-MET, DDR2, HER2, MAP2K1, NRAS, PIK3CA, and RET mutations as “niche” mutations and analyzed. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the differences in the overall survival (OS) of patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring niche somatic mutations.
Results: Data were gathered for 252 patients. Mutations were observed in all genes studied, except c-MET, DDR2, MAP2K1, and RET. The multivariable analysis showed that 1) niche mutations had a higher mortality than EGFR mutations (HR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.2–4.4; p = 0.009); 2) KRAS mutations had a higher mortality than EGFR mutations (HR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.4–4.5; p = 0.003); 3) niche mutations presented a similar mortality to KRAS mutations (HR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.6–1.5; p = 0.797).
Methods: Three cohorts of mutations were selected from patients with lung adenocarcinoma and their OS was compared. Mutations that were searched for, were 1) BRAF, c-MET, DDR2, HER2, MAP2K1, NRAS, PIK3CA, and RET; 2) K-RAS; and 3) EGFR. Differences in OS between these three cohorts were assessed by means of a multivariable Cox model that adjusted for age, sex, smoking habits, clinical stages, and treatments.
Conclusions: Niche mutations exhibited an increased risk of death when compared with EGFR mutations and a similar risk of death when compared with KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Statistics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Bettelli
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Manfredini
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Center of Statistics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Margherita Moretti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Bertolini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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31
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Zhang B, Liu Y, Zhou S, Jiang H, Zhu K, Wang R. Predictive effect of PD-L1 expression for immune checkpoint inhibitor (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) treatment for non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106214. [PMID: 31982822 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a well-known predictive biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, however, its accuracy remains controversial. Here, we investigated the correlation between PD-L1 expression level and efficacy of its inhibitors, and hence assessed the predictive effect of PD-L1 expression. METHODS Studies that evaluated the efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/ PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced NSCLC patients according to tumor PD-L1 expression levels were searched for on Medline, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for the objective response rate (ORR) with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were measured in terms of hazard ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% CIs. RESULTS 1432 NSCLC patients from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included and three PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) were used to treat the patients. A significantly higher ORR was observed in the high PD-L1 expression group compared to the low expression group (0.35 [95% CI, 0.30-0.40] vs 0.11 [95% CI, 0.09-0.14]). The results of the subgroup analysis, grouped by the type of drugs and antibodies which assess immune checkpoint inhibitors were identical with the pooled result. However, our study showed that PD-L1 expression was neither prognostic nor predictive of overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors compared to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 can be a predictive biomarker for ORR. Nevertheless, PD-L1 expression is not a good predictive tool for OS and PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Huihui Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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32
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Cheng YY, Rath EM, Linton A, Yuen ML, Takahashi K, Lee K. The Current Understanding Of Asbestos-Induced Epigenetic Changes Associated With Lung Cancer. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2020; 11:1-11. [PMID: 32021524 PMCID: PMC6955579 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s186843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral consisting of extremely fine fibres that can become trapped in the lungs after inhalation. Occupational and environmental exposures to asbestos are linked to development of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining surrounding the lung. This review discusses the factors that are making asbestos-induced lung cancer a continuing problem, including the extensive historic use of asbestos and decades long latency between exposure and disease development. Genomic mutations of DNA nucleotides and gene rearrangements driving lung cancer are well-studied, with biomarkers and targeted therapies already in clinical use for some of these mutations. The genes involved in these mutation biomarkers and targeted therapies are also involved in epigenetic mechanisms and are discussed in this review as it is hoped that identification of epigenetic aberrations in these genes will enable the same gene biomarkers and targeted therapies to be used. Currently, understanding of how asbestos fibres trapped in the lungs leads to epigenetic changes and lung cancer is incomplete. It has been shown that oxidoreduction reactions on fibre surfaces generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which in turn damage DNA, leading to genetic and epigenetic alterations that reduce the activity of tumour suppressor genes. Epigenetic DNA methylation changes associated with lung cancer are summarised in this review, and some of these changes will be due to asbestos exposure. So far, little research has been carried out to separate the asbestos driven epigenetic changes from those due to non-asbestos causes of lung cancer. Asbestos-associated lung cancers exhibit less methylation variability than lung cancers in general, and in a large proportion of samples variability has been found to be restricted to promoter regions. Epigenetic aberrations in cancer are proving to be promising biomarkers for diagnosing cancers. It is hoped that further understanding of epigenetic changes in lung cancer can result in useful asbestos-associated lung cancer biomarkers to guide treatment. Research is ongoing into the detection of lung cancer epigenetic alterations using non-invasive samples of blood and sputum. These efforts hold the promise of non-invasive cancer diagnosis in the future. Efforts to reverse epigenetic aberrations in lung cancer by epigenetic therapies are ongoing but have not yet yielded success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma M Rath
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Linton
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Man Lee Yuen
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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