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Žukauskaitė D, Zentelytė A, Girniūtė E, Navakauskienė R. The outcome of tissue cryopreservation on the cellular, molecular and epigenetic characteristics of endometrial tissue and stromal cells. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 49:103990. [PMID: 38824763 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What impact does the cryopreservation of endometrial tissue have on cell characteristics and molecular and epigenetic profile changes in endometrial tissue and stromal cells? DESIGN Cellular properties, such as proliferation efficiency, surface marker expression and the differentiation potency of endometrial stromal cells (ESC) isolated from fresh (Native) and cryopreserved (Cryo) tissue were compared. Moreover, changes in the expression of genes associated with pluripotency, endometrial function and epigenetic regulation and microRNA (miRNA, miR) were assessed, as were levels of DNA methylation and histone modifications. RESULTS Native and Cryo cells exhibit very similar profiles including cell surface marker expression, differentiation potency and histone modifications, except for a decrease in proliferative potency and cell surface marker SUSD2 expression in Cryo cells. It was demonstrated that endometrial tissue cryopreservation led to an up-regulated expression of genes associated with pluripotency (NANOG, OCT4 [also known as POU5F1]). This confirms that despite being recovered from cryopreserved differentiated tissue, cells retained their stemness properties. In addition, alterations in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B) gene regulation were observed, along with a down-regulation of hsa-miR145-5p in Cryo ESC. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex effects of endometrial tissue cryopreservation, providing insights for both medical and basic research applications. Since different tissues possess unique characteristics, it is essential to select the most suitable cryopreservation method for each tissue individually. Furthermore, the study findings indicate the potential utility of slow-cooling cryopreservation for both normal and pathological endometrial tissue samples, with the purpose of isolating stromal cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deimantė Žukauskaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania..
| | - Aistė Zentelytė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Erika Girniūtė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Navakauskienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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2
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MacLean F, Tsegaye AT, Graham JB, Swarts JL, Vick SC, Potchen N, Talavera IC, Warrier L, Dubrulle J, Schroeder LK, Mar C, Thomas KK, Mack M, Sabo MC, Chohan BH, Ngure K, Mugo N, Lingappa JR, Lund JM. Bacterial vaginosis-driven changes in vaginal T cell phenotypes and their implications for HIV susceptibility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601916. [PMID: 39005354 PMCID: PMC11245000 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome that is prevalent in reproductive-age women worldwide. Adverse outcomes associated with BV include an increased risk of sexually acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), yet the immunological mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. To investigate BV driven changes to cervicovaginal tract (CVT) and circulating T cell phenotypes, participants with or without BV provided vaginal tract (VT) and ectocervical (CX) tissue biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Immunofluorescence analysis of genital mucosal tissues revealed a reduced density of CD3+CD4+CCR5+ cells in the VT lamina propria of individuals with compared to those without BV (median 243.8 cells/mm2 BV- vs 106.9 cells/mm2 BV+, p=0.043). High-parameter flow cytometry of VT biopsies revealed an increased frequency in individuals with compared to those without BV of dysfunctional CD39+ conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv) (median frequency 15% BV- vs 30% BV+, padj=0.0331) and tissue-resident CD69+CD103+ Tconv (median frequency 24% BV- vs 38% BV+, padj=0.0061), previously reported to be implicated in HIV acquisition and replication. Our data suggests that BV elicits diverse and complex VT T cell alterations and expands on potential immunological mechanisms that may promote adverse outcomes including HIV susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn MacLean
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Jessica B. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Jessica L. Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Sarah C. Vick
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Nicole Potchen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Irene Cruz Talavera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Lakshmi Warrier
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Julien Dubrulle
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Lena K. Schroeder
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Corinne Mar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Bhavna H. Chohan
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kenneth Ngure
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nelly Mugo
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jairam R. Lingappa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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3
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Almomani O, Nnamutete J, Shao Z, Biribawa VM, Ssemunywa H, Namuniina A, Okech B, Ulanova S, Zuanazzi D, Liu CM, Tobian AAR, Galiwango RM, Kaul R, Prodger JL. Effect of cryopreservation on CD4+ T cell subsets in foreskin tissue. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297884. [PMID: 38427640 PMCID: PMC10906856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces HIV acquisition by at least 60%, but the determinants of HIV susceptibility in foreskin tissues are incompletely understood. Flow cytometry is a powerful tool that helps us understand tissue immune defenses in mucosal tissue like the inner foreskin, but foreskin flow cytometry has only been validated using fresh tissue samples. This restricts immune analyses to timepoints immediately after surgical acquisition and hinders research in this area. We compared fresh analysis with whole tissue cryopreservation and later thawing and digestion to analyze CD4+ T cell populations relevant to HIV susceptibility (CCR5, CD25, CD127, CCR4, CXCR3, CCR6, CCR10, HLA-DR, and CD38). Eight foreskin samples from HIV-negative males aged >18 years were collected after VMMC. For each sample, half the foreskin was immediately cryopreserved for later digestion and flow cytometry analysis, while the remaining tissues were analyzed fresh. We demonstrate no significant impact of cryopreservation on CD4+ T cell expression of CD25, CCR4, CCR6, HLA-DR, CCR10, or CD127. Although expression levels of CCR5, CD38, and CXCR3 were increased after cryopreservation, the relative ranking of participants was retained. In conclusion, cryopreserved foreskin tissues may be suitable for subsequent digestion and flow cytometry phenotyping of HIV-susceptible T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Almomani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Zhongtian Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Brenda Okech
- UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program Limited, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sofya Ulanova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - David Zuanazzi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Cindy M. Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Aaron A. R. Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Rupert Kaul
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jessica L. Prodger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
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4
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Mennillo E, Kim YJ, Lee G, Rusu I, Patel RK, Dorman LC, Flynn E, Li S, Bain JL, Andersen C, Rao A, Tamaki S, Tsui J, Shen A, Lotstein ML, Rahim M, Naser M, Bernard-Vazquez F, Eckalbar W, Cho SJ, Beck K, El-Nachef N, Lewin S, Selvig DR, Terdiman JP, Mahadevan U, Oh DY, Fragiadakis GK, Pisco A, Combes AJ, Kattah MG. Single-cell and spatial multi-omics highlight effects of anti-integrin therapy across cellular compartments in ulcerative colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.21.525036. [PMID: 36711576 PMCID: PMC9882264 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.21.525036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is driven by immune and stromal subsets, culminating in epithelial injury. Vedolizumab (VDZ) is an anti-integrin antibody that is effective for treating UC. VDZ is known to inhibit lymphocyte trafficking to the intestine, but its broader effects on other cell subsets are less defined. To identify the inflammatory cells that contribute to colitis and are affected by VDZ, we performed single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of peripheral blood and colonic biopsies in healthy controls and patients with UC on VDZ or other therapies. Here we show that VDZ treatment is associated with alterations in circulating and tissue mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, along with modest shifts in lymphocytes. Spatial multi-omics of formalin-fixed biopsies demonstrates trends towards increased abundance and proximity of MNP and fibroblast subsets in active colitis. Spatial transcriptomics of archived specimens pre-treatment identifies epithelial-, MNP-, and fibroblast-enriched genes related to VDZ responsiveness, highlighting important roles for these subsets in UC.
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5
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Chen J, Liu X, Hu Y, Chen X, Tan S. Cryopreservation of tissues and organs: present, bottlenecks, and future. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1201794. [PMID: 37303729 PMCID: PMC10248239 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1201794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue and organ transplantation continues to be an effective measure for saving the lives of certain critically ill patients. The organ preservation methods that are commonly utilized in clinical practice are presently only capable of achieving short-term storage, which is insufficient for meeting the demand for organ transplantation. Ultra-low temperature storage techniques have garnered significant attention due to their capacity for achieving long-term, high-quality preservation of tissues and organs. However, the experience of cryopreserving cells cannot be readily extrapolated to the cryopreservation of complex tissues and organs, and the latter still confronts numerous challenges in its clinical application. This article summarizes the current research progress in the cryogenic preservation of tissues and organs, discusses the limitations of existing studies and the main obstacles facing the cryopreservation of complex tissues and organs, and finally introduces potential directions for future research efforts.
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6
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Arkatkar T, Davé V, Cruz Talavera I, Graham JB, Swarts JL, Hughes SM, Bell TA, Hock P, Farrington J, Shaw GD, Kirby A, Fialkow M, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Ferris MT, Hladik F, Schiffer JT, Prlic M, Lund JM. Memory T cells possess an innate-like function in local protection from mucosal infection. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162800. [PMID: 36951943 PMCID: PMC10178838 DOI: 10.1172/jci162800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal infections pose a significant global health burden. Antigen-specific tissue-resident T cells are critical to maintaining barrier immunity. Previous studies in the context of systemic infection suggest that memory CD8+ T cells may also provide innate-like protection against antigenically unrelated pathogens independent of T cell receptor engagement. Whether bystander T cell activation is also an important defense mechanism in the mucosa is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether innate-like memory CD8+ T cells could protect against a model mucosal virus infection, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). We found that immunization with an irrelevant antigen delayed disease progression from lethal HSV-2 challenge, suggesting that memory CD8+ T cells may mediate protection despite the lack of antigen specificity. Upon HSV-2 infection, we observed an early infiltration, rather than substantial local proliferation, of antigen-nonspecific CD8+ T cells, which became bystander-activated only within the infected mucosal tissue. Critically, we show that bystander-activated CD8+ T cells are sufficient to reduce early viral burden after HSV-2 infection. Finally, local cytokine cues within the tissue microenvironment after infection were sufficient for bystander activation of mucosal tissue memory CD8+ T cells from mice and humans. Altogether, our findings suggest that local bystander activation of CD8+ memory T cells contributes a fast and effective innate-like response to infection in mucosal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Arkatkar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health and
| | - Veronica Davé
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health and
| | - Irene Cruz Talavera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health and
| | - Jessica B. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica L. Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sean M. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy A. Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joe Farrington
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ginger D. Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Kirby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Fialkow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Keith R. Jerome
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Florian Hladik
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua T. Schiffer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martin Prlic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health and
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health and
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7
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Liang F, Rezapour A, Falk P, Angenete E, Yrlid U. Cryopreservation of Whole Tumor Biopsies from Rectal Cancer Patients Enable Phenotypic and In Vitro Functional Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102428. [PMID: 34067849 PMCID: PMC8155904 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common malignancy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as correlates to CRC patient outcome after treatment. The pro- or anti-tumor responses of TILs are usually assessed in cell suspensions of fresh tumors that were surgically removed a few hours earlier. We propose a platform for concurrent enumeration and in vitro functional evaluation of TILs in cryopreserved tumor biopsies, offering the benefit of postponing tumor processing and analyses of TILs in cell suspensions until clinical post-treatment responses are established. Our platform is practical considering the inconsistent time when patient samples become available for research purposes and can be readily utilized by other laboratories. With a fresh portion of tumor biopsies as benchmark, we validated the recovery of viable TILs capable of interferon (IFN)-γ responses in the cryopreserved portion of same biopsies. Ultimately, this platform could provide sufficient information on TILs, to also predict patient outcome after CRC treatments. Abstract TILs comprise functionally distinct conventional and unconventional T cell subsets and their role in responses to CRC treatments is poorly understood. We explored recovery of viable TILs from cryopreserved tumor biopsies of (chemo)-radiated patients with rectal cancer to establish a platform for retrospective TIL analyses of frozen tumors from pre-selected study cohorts. Frequencies of TIL subsets and their capacity to mount IFN-γ responses in cell suspensions of fresh vs. cryopreserved portions of the same tumor biopsies were determined for platform validation. The percentages and proportions of CD4+ TILs and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) among total TILs were not affected by cryopreservation. While recovery of unconventional γδ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) was stable after cryopreservation, the regulatory T cells (Tregs) were reduced, but in sufficient yields for quantification. IFN-γ production by in vitro-stimulated CD4+ TILs, CTLs, γδ T cells, and MAIT cells were proportionally similar in fresh and cryopreserved tumor portions, albeit the latter displayed lower levels. Thus, the proposed platform intended for TIL analyses on cryopreserved tumor biobank biopsies holds promises for studies linking the quantity and quality of TIL subsets with specific clinical outcome after CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (F.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Azar Rezapour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (F.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Peter Falk
- Department of Surgery, Fibrinolysis Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Eva Angenete
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, SSORG—Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (U.Y.); Tel.: +46-31-343-8410 (E.A.); +46-31-786-6225 (U.Y.)
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (F.L.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (U.Y.); Tel.: +46-31-343-8410 (E.A.); +46-31-786-6225 (U.Y.)
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8
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Levy CN, Hughes SM, Roychoudhury P, Reeves DB, Amstuz C, Zhu H, Huang ML, Wei Y, Bull ME, Cassidy NA, McClure J, Frenkel LM, Stone M, Bakkour S, Wonderlich ER, Busch MP, Deeks SG, Schiffer JT, Coombs RW, Lehman DA, Jerome KR, Hladik F. A highly multiplexed droplet digital PCR assay to measure the intact HIV-1 proviral reservoir. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100243. [PMID: 33948574 PMCID: PMC8080125 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the replication-competent HIV reservoir is essential for evaluating curative strategies. Viral outgrowth assays (VOAs) underestimate the reservoir because they fail to induce all replication-competent proviruses. Single- or double-region HIV DNA assays overestimate it because they fail to exclude many defective proviruses. We designed two triplex droplet digital PCR assays, each with 2 unique targets and 1 in common, and normalize the results to PCR-based T cell counts. Both HIV assays are specific, sensitive, and reproducible. Together, they estimate the number of proviruses containing all five primer-probe regions. Our 5-target results are on average 12.1-fold higher than and correlate with paired quantitative VOA (Spearman's ρ = 0.48) but estimate a markedly smaller reservoir than previous DNA assays. In patients on antiretroviral therapy, decay rates in blood CD4+ T cells are faster for intact than for defective proviruses, and intact provirus frequencies are similar in mucosal and circulating T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N. Levy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean M. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel B. Reeves
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chelsea Amstuz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yulun Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marta E. Bull
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noah A.J. Cassidy
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jan McClure
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Frenkel
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalent Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Bakkour
- Vitalent Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Wonderlich
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Southern Research, 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalent Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- School of Medicine, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua T. Schiffer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert W. Coombs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dara A. Lehman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Keith R. Jerome
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Gleason HE, Phillips H, McCoy AM, Gutierrez-Nibeyro SD, McKiernan BC, Duffy DJ, Feign IM, Kim WJ, Kersh ME. Biomechanical properties of canine staphylectomies closed with barbed or smooth suture. Vet Surg 2020; 50:196-206. [PMID: 33232530 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the duration of closure and biomechanical properties of staphylectomies closed with absorbable bidirectional barbed suture or smooth monofilament suture in a simple continuous or interrupted pattern STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo study SAMPLE POPULATION: Soft palates (n = 60) harvested from mesaticephalic canine cadavers METHODS: One centimeter of tissue was excised from the caudal border of each soft palate, and the oral and nasopharyngeal mucosal surfaces were apposed with 2-0 bidirectional Quill Monoderm knotless closure device barbed suture (Q), 3-0 Monocryl in a simple continuous (MC) pattern, or 3-0 Monocryl in a simple interrupted (MI) pattern (n = 20 per group). Duration of closure was compared between groups. Tissues were tested under tension to failure, and mode of failure data were collected by video capture. RESULTS Closure time was longer for MI closures than for Q and MC closures, with means of 259.9, 215.4, and 196.7 seconds, respectively (P < .0001). No difference was detected in yield force, force to first tissue rupture, maximum force, and energy required for yield and maximum force between groups. Energy to yield was 190.0, 167.8, and 188.95 N-mm for MI, Q, and MC closures, respectively. CONCLUSION Biomechanical properties of staphylectomies closed with barbed or smooth sutures did not differ in this cadaveric model. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Barbed suture can be considered as an alternative for closure of canine staphylectomies. These results provide evidence to justify additional research to evaluate clinical outcomes in dogs undergoing staphylectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadley E Gleason
- University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Heidi Phillips
- University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Annette M McCoy
- University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Brendan C McKiernan
- University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Duffy
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian M Feign
- University of Illinois College of Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Woojae Jason Kim
- University of Illinois College of Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mariana E Kersh
- University of Illinois College of Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Valyi-Nagy K, Betsou F, Susma A, Valyi-Nagy T. Optimization of Viable Glioblastoma Cryopreservation for Establishment of Primary Tumor Cell Cultures. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 19:60-66. [PMID: 33107762 PMCID: PMC7892309 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Technologies related to the establishment of primary tumor cell cultures from solid tumors, including glioblastoma, are increasingly important to oncology research and practice. However, processing of fresh tumor specimens for establishment of primary cultures on the day of surgical collection is logistically difficult. The feasibility of viable cryopreservation of glioblastoma specimens, allowing for primary culture establishment weeks to months after surgical tumor collection and freezing, was demonstrated by Mullins et al. in 2013, with a success rate of 59% that was not significantly lower than that achieved with fresh tumor tissue. However, research targeting optimization of viable glioblastoma cryopreservation protocols for establishment of primary tumor cultures has been limited. Objectives: The objective of this study was to optimize glioblastoma cryopreservation methods for viable cryobanking and to determine if two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions were more supportive of glioblastoma growth after thawing of frozen tumor specimens. Methods: Portions of eight human glioblastoma specimens were cryopreserved by four different protocols differing in the time of enzymatic digestion (before or after cryopreservation), and in the type of cryopreservation media (CryoStor CS10 or 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 90% fetal calf serum). After 1 month, frozen tissues were thawed, enzymatically digested, if not digested before, and used for initiation of 2D or 3D primary tumor cultures to determine viability. Results: Among the tested cryopreservation and culturing protocols, the most efficient combinations of cryopreservation and culture were those associated with the use of CryoStor CS10 cryopreservation medium, enzymatic digestion before freezing, and 2D culturing after thawing with a successful culture rate of 8 out of 8 cases (100%). Two-dimensional cultures were in general more efficient for the support of tumor cell growth after thawing than 3D cultures. Conclusions: This study supports development of evidence-based viable glioblastoma cryopreservation methods for use in glioblastoma biobanking and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Valyi-Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,ISBER Biospecimen Science Working Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fay Betsou
- ISBER Biospecimen Science Working Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandru Susma
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tibor Valyi-Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Wang S, Yuan X, Zhou J, Jin J, Zuo Q, Li B. Comparison of the effects of three cryoprotectants on the cryopreservation of mouse subcutaneous tissue under different conditions. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3285-3289. [PMID: 32855699 PMCID: PMC7444325 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The subcutaneous tissue of animals contains different cell types, and different cells have different requirements for cryopreservation. This establishes obstacles that need to be overcome in the clinical application of tissue preservation. In the present study, the effects of different freezing rates and various concentrations of cryoprotectants on the cryopreservation of subcutaneous tissue of mice were compared, and these results provided basic research data that can be used to explore the optimal cryopreservation method for tissue. The effects of three cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerinum and 1,2-propanediol, and their concentrations on the cryopreservation of subcutaneous tissue of mice were compared with slow and rapid freezing rates. The results revealed that under various cryopreservation conditions, the percentage of fibroblasts that grow from the tissue following slow cryopreservation (19.8%) was significantly higher than that following rapid freezing (6.7%) at osmotic equilibrium for 10-20 min (P<0.05). After 19 days of culture, under the conditions of slow freezing, with 10, 20 and 30% glycerinum as a cryoprotectant, respectively, fibroblasts grew from 26.0, 16.7 and 16.7% of the tissues, respectively. No fibroblasts were indicated in the tissue mass cultured in any other tissue blocks treated with cryopreservation solutions. Under the condition of rapid freezing, fibroblasts grew from 6.7 and 6.7% tissue blocks of 20% DMSO and 10% glycerinum, respectively, following 19 days of culture. No fibroblasts were identified in the tissue mass cultured in the other tissue blocks treated with cryopreservation solutions, and no fibroblasts were identified in the tissue blocks without osmotic balance before freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengcun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Bichun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes our current understanding of HIV-1-specific T-cell responses in mucosal tissues, emphasizing recent work and specifically highlighting papers published over the past 18 months. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work has improved the standardization of tissue sampling approaches and provided new insights on the abundance, phenotype and distribution of HIV-1-specific T-cell populations in mucosal tissues. In addition, it has recently been established that some lymphocytes exist in tissues as "permanent resident" memory cells that differ from their counterparts in blood. SUMMARY HIV-1-specific T-cell responses have been extensively characterized; however, the vast majority of reports have focused on T-cells isolated from peripheral blood. Mucosal tissues of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts serve as the primary sites of HIV-1 transmission, and provide "front line" barrier defenses against HIV-1 and other pathogens. In addition, the gastrointestinal tract remains a significant viral reservoir throughout the chronic phase of infection. Tissue-based immune responses may be critical in fighting infection, and understanding these defenses may lead to improved vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Zhu Z, Qiao L, Liu F, He J, Rao X, Zhang S, Tang P. Dimethyl Sulfoxide is Less Effective in Immersing Cryopreserved Large Pieces of Tissue: A Rabbit Hind-Limb Model. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7908-7913. [PMID: 31638104 PMCID: PMC6821440 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotectant can effectively alleviate the damage to single tissue during cryopreservation and restore its physiological activity after rewarming. However, studies have not been successful for preserving large tissue. This study aimed to investigate the application conditions of DMSO in large composite-tissue by performing femoral artery perfusion and soaking in a rabbit hind-limb model. Material/Methods A microdialysis-freezing point osmometer was used to detect the minimum time required for effective perfusion of 10% v/v perfusion and 20% v/v perfusion group. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to detect the area under the spectrum peak of DMSO in perivascular, intramuscular, subcutaneous areas, and compare the area under the spectrum peak in the 20% vascular perfusion group and other whole immersion groups. Results The minimum time required for effective perfusion of muscle in the 10% v/v group was 30 minutes, the DMSO concentration was stable at 5% v/v; In the 20% v/v group the minimum time was at 20 minutes, stable at 12% v/v. There was a statistically difference of the area under the spectrum peak in the 10% group and the 20% v/v group after vascular perfusion in different tissue locations (P<0.05). The 20% vascular perfusion group and the different concentration of DMSO in the large tissue soaking group were statistically different (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the 20% v/v vascular perfusion group compared to the low concentration immersion group, but no difference compared to the 50% immersion group. Conclusions The effect of blood perfusion on cryopreservation in large tissue by using DMSO was slightly better than overall soaking, especially in preservation of skin and subcutaneous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexing Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Orthopaedics, Rocket Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rocket Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Fuzhou Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rocket Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jianping He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, 532 Hospital of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rocket Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China (mainland)
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