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Marain NF, Jonckheere AC, Dilissen E, Cremer J, Roskams T, Colemont M, Bullens DM, Dupont LJ, Vanoirbeek JA. Combined Exercise and Diet Induce Airway Hyperreactivity While Reducing Liver Steatosis in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2129. [PMID: 38999877 PMCID: PMC11243263 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multi-organ system disease, which is associated with, e.g., a higher prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and asthma. Little is known regarding the effect of obesity-related parameters (including liver integrity) and the respiratory phenotype after a combination of physical activity and diet. METHODS Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were, after 27 weeks of a high fat diet (HFD), randomly assigned to two dietary interventions for three weeks: a HFD or a normal chow diet (NCD). In both dietary groups, half of the animals were subjected to a sub-maximal exercise protocol. Lung function, lung inflammation, liver histology, and metabolic profile were determined. RESULTS Mice with obesity did not show airway hyperreactivity after methacholine provocation. Sub-maximal exercise with diet (NCD/E) induced a significant reduction in forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s after methacholine provocation. NCD/E had significantly more neutrophils and inflammation (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-17F) in bronchoalveolar lavage compared to non-exercising mice on a HFD (HFD/NE). However, more epithelial injury (serum surfactant protein D and IL-33) was seen in HFD/NE. Additionally, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were reduced by combined diet and sub-maximal exercise. CONCLUSIONS Combining sub-maximal exercise with diet induced airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary inflammation, while body weight, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora F Marain
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Dilissen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke Colemont
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique M Bullens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven J Dupont
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen A Vanoirbeek
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Leroy JLMR, Meulders B, Moorkens K, Xhonneux I, Slootmans J, De Keersmaeker L, Smits A, Bogado Pascottini O, Marei WFA. Maternal metabolic health and fertility: we should not only care about but also for the oocyte! Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 35:1-18. [PMID: 36592978 DOI: 10.1071/rd22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders due to obesity and unhealthy lifestyle directly alter the oocyte's microenvironment and impact oocyte quality. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in the pathogenesis. Acute effects on the fully grown oocytes are evident, but early follicular stages are also sensitive to metabolic stress leading to a long-term impact on follicular cells and oocytes. Improving the preconception health is therefore of capital importance but research in animal models has demonstrated that oocyte quality is not fully recovered. In the in vitro fertilisation clinic, maternal metabolic disorders are linked with disappointing assisted reproductive technology results. Embryos derived from metabolically compromised oocytes exhibit persistently high intracellular stress levels due to weak cellular homeostatic mechanisms. The assisted reproductive technology procedures themselves form an extra burden for these defective embryos. Minimising cellular stress during culture using mitochondrial-targeted therapy could rescue compromised embryos in a bovine model. However, translating such applications to human in vitro fertilisation clinics is not simple. It is crucial to consider the sensitive epigenetic programming during early development. Research in humans and relevant animal models should result in preconception care interventions and in vitro strategies not only aiming at improving fertility but also safeguarding offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - B Meulders
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - K Moorkens
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - I Xhonneux
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - J Slootmans
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - L De Keersmaeker
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - A Smits
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - O Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - W F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Čekić N, Grgić A, Kokot A, Mujkić R, Šnajder Mujkić D, Bijelić N, Sablić M. Influence of Maternal Diet and Intergenerational Change in Diet Type on Ovarian and Adipose Tissue Morphology in Female Rat Offspring. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:854. [PMID: 35888573 PMCID: PMC9318591 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A high-fat diet causes inflammation in the organism and many metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue secretes adipokines that affect the function of many organs. The health status of the mother before and during pregnancy affects the health of the offspring. The aim of this study was to determine how the type of maternal diet and the change in the type of diet in the offspring affects the histological characteristics of the ovaries and subcutaneous and perigonadal adipose tissue in female rat offspring. Materials and Methods: Ten female rats were divided into two groups. One group was fed standard laboratory chow, and the other was fed a high-fat diet and mated with a male of the same breed. The offspring of both groups of dams were divided into four subgroups with different feeding protocols. At 22 weeks of age, the offspring were sacrificed. Ovaries and subcutaneous and perigonadal adipose tissue were isolated. In the ovaries, the presence of cystic formations was investigated. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in two types of adipose tissue. Results: The weight of the ovaries of the offspring of mothers fed a high-fat diet was significantly higher than that of the offspring of mothers fed standard laboratory diets. Cystic formations were found in the ovaries of the offspring of mothers fed a high-fat diet. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, the percentage of small-sized adipocytes was significantly higher in the offspring of mothers fed standard laboratory diets. There were no significant differences in adipocyte surface area and adipocyte number between groups. Conclusion: Maternal diet influences the morphology of the ovaries and adipose tissue of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Čekić
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.Č.); (D.Š.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Department of Surgery, National Memorial Hospital Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Anđela Grgić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.Č.); (D.Š.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Robert Mujkić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Darija Šnajder Mujkić
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.Č.); (D.Š.M.); (M.S.)
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine, and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikola Bijelić
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Marko Sablić
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.Č.); (D.Š.M.); (M.S.)
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da Costa JLF, Furino VDO, de Castro CA, Alves JM, Duarte ACGDO. Dietary Intervention Associated With Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Leads to Changes in the Inflammatory Profile in Visceral Adipose Tissue but Not in Skeletal Muscle in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:836484. [PMID: 35399283 PMCID: PMC8990936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.836484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the concentrations of inflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle, and changes in body mass and adipocyte size in diet-induced obese rats after moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or dietary intervention. After 8 weeks of obesity induction through a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, twenty diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: (i) control rats fed with HFD (HFD-SED), (ii) obese rats fed with HFD and submitted to MICT (HFD-MICT), (iii) obese rats that were submitted to a nutritional intervention by switching HFD to chow diet (CD-SED), and (iv) obese rats that were submitted to MICT and nutritional intervention (CD-MICT). All the animals in the training groups were submitted to MICT, with an intensity of 50–85% of Vmax, 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle (GAST) and mesenteric adipose tissue (mWAT) were collected to quantify tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 using ELISA. The body mass was recorded before and after the experimental protocols, and the adipocyte morphology was assessed using histological analysis. The results showed that HFD-SED had higher body mass, higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in mWAT, and higher increase in adipocyte size. The CD-SED and CD-MICT groups presented with reduced body mass, relative weight of mWAT, and adipocyte size. Moreover, the inflammatory markers in mWAT were reduced after dietary intervention (TNF-α), MICT (IL-10 and TNF-α), or both interventions combined (IL-6 and TNF-α). In contrast, there was no reduction in GAST-relative weight or concentrations of inflammatory markers for any treatment. Finally, we concluded that 8 weeks of dietary intervention alone and combined with MICT were effective in reducing some of the deleterious effects caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lucas Fernandes da Costa
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity–DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jean Lucas Fernandes da Costa,
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Furino
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity–DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Department of Morphology and Pathology-Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - João Manoel Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira Duarte
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity–DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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Minderis P, Fokin A, Dirmontas M, Kvedaras M, Ratkevicius A. Caloric Restriction per se Rather Than Dietary Macronutrient Distribution Plays a Primary Role in Metabolic Health and Body Composition Improvements in Obese Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3004. [PMID: 34578880 PMCID: PMC8466799 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is of key importance in combating obesity and its associated diseases. We aimed to examine effects of dietary macronutrient distribution on weight loss and metabolic health in obese mice exposed to CR. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent diet-induced obesity for 18 weeks. Thereafter mice were exposed to a 6-week CR for up to 40% on either low-fat diet (LFD; 20, 60, 20% kcal from protein, carbohydrate, fat), low-carb diet (LCD; 20, 20, 60% kcal, respectively) or high-pro diet (HPD; 35, 35, 30% kcal, respectively) (n = 16 each). Ten mice on the obesogenic diet served as age-matched controls. Body composition was evaluated by tissue dissections. Glucose tolerance, bloods lipids and energy metabolism were measured. CR-induced weight loss was similar for LFD and LCD while HPD was associated with a greater weight loss than LCD. The diet groups did not differ from obese controls in hindlimb muscle mass, but showed a substantial decrease in body fat without differences between them. Glucose tolerance and blood total cholesterol were weight-loss dependent and mostly improved in LFD and HPD groups during CR. Blood triacylglycerol was lowered only in LCD group compared to obese controls. Thus, CR rather than macronutrient distribution in the diet plays the major role for improvements in body composition and glucose control in obese mice. Low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet more successfully reduces triacylglycerol but not cholesterol levels compared to isocaloric high-carbohydrate-low-fat weight loss diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras Minderis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.F.); (M.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrej Fokin
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.F.); (M.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Mantas Dirmontas
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Kvedaras
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.F.); (M.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.F.); (M.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Minderis P, Fokin A, Dirmontas M, Ratkevicius A. Hypocaloric Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets with Fixed Protein Lead to Similar Health Outcomes in Obese Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1494-1502. [PMID: 32639096 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is controversial whether low-carbohydrate diets are better suited for weight control and metabolic health than high-carbohydrate diets. This study examined whether these diets induce different improvements in body composition and glucose tolerance in obese mice during caloric restriction (CR). METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an obesogenic diet ad libitum for 18 weeks and then subjected to 6-week progressive CR of up to 40%, using either a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet with equal protein content. Mice fed a regular chow diet ad libitum served as controls. Body mass, hindlimb muscle mass, fat mass, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance were compared between the groups. RESULTS Initially low-fat and low-carbohydrate groups had similar body mass, which was 30% greater compared with controls. CR induced similar weight loss in low-fat and low-carbohydrate groups. This weight loss was mainly due to fat loss in both groups. Energy expenditure of freely moving mice did not differ between the groups. Glucose tolerance improved compared with the values before CR and in controls but did not differ between the diets. CONCLUSIONS Dietary carbohydrate or fat content does not affect improvements in body composition and metabolic health in obese mice exposed to CR with fixed energy and protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras Minderis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrej Fokin
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Dirmontas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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