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Mansi, Khanna P, Gupta D, Yadav S, Khanna L. Hydrotrope assisted green synthesis of dicoumarols and in silico and in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9651-9665. [PMID: 36373290 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2145368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous hydrotrope has been employed for the first time to synthesize heteroaryl dicoumarols by condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin and different heterocyclic aldehydes. This method is highly efficient and green, and the same aqueous hydrotropic solution can be used up to five times without any considerable loss of yield in the product. The synthesized compounds showed good antibacterial potential against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus/NTCC 0997 and B. oceanisediminis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli/D0157:H7 and E. coli rosetta) bacterial strains using the Resazurin microtiter plate visual method. The MIC value of 312 µg/ml for compounds 3b, 3k and 3l for S. aureus while 39 µg/ml for compounds 3a, 3b and 3k for E. coli and 625 µg/ml for 3a and 3b for B. oceanisediminis was observed. The compounds were screened via computational methods like molecular docking studies and molecular dynamic simulations with PDB Id's 2W9S and 2EX6. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and H2O2 assays. Five compounds with the best binding score in molecular docking with XO (PDB ID: 1FIQ) have been tested in an in-vitro study using an enzyme inhibition assay. Novel compound 3b gave the IC50 value of 0.28 µg/ml, comparable to the standard drug Allopurinol.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepshikha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Shilpa Yadav
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Khanna
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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2
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Ashour RMS, El-Shiekh RA, Sobeh M, Abdelfattah MAO, Abdel-Aziz MM, Okba MM. Eucalyptus torquata L. flowers: a comprehensive study reporting their metabolites profiling and anti-gouty arthritis potential. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18682. [PMID: 37907626 PMCID: PMC10618445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gouty arthritis is one of the most common metabolic disorders affecting people. Plant based drugs can lower the risk of this health disorder. The anti-gouty potential of Eucalyptus torquata flowers methanol extract (ETME) was evaluated in vitro via measuring the inhibitory effects of five pro-inflammatory enzymes; xanthine oxidase (XO), hyaluronidase, lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenases COX-1, and COX-2, in addition to evaluating the inhibition of histamine release, albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, tyrosinase, and protease inhibitory activities. Also, its antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP). HPLC-PDA-MS/MS was used to identify the metabolites in the tested extract. The latter exhibited substantial anti-arthritic properties in all assays with comparable potential to the corresponding reference drugs. HPLC-MS/MS analysis of this bioactive extract tentatively annotated 46 metabolites including phloroglucinols, gallic and ellagic acids derivatives, terpenes, flavonoids, fatty acids, and miscellaneous metabolites. Our study highlights the medicinal importance of E. torquata as an anti-gouty candidate and opens new avenues of gouty management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M S Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed A O Abdelfattah
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200, Kuwait
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Mona M Okba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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3
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Zhao Q, Jiang X, Mao Z, Zhang J, Sun J, Mao X. Exploration, sequence optimization and mechanism analysis of novel xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptide from Ostrea rivularis Gould. Food Chem 2023; 404:134537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Endrini S, Abu Bakar FI, Abu Bakar MF, Abdullah N, Marsiati H. Phytochemical profiling, in vitro and in vivo xanthine inhibition and antihyperuricemic activity of Christia vespertilionis leaf. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum (TCI227) Prevented Potassium-Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224832. [PMID: 36432519 PMCID: PMC9693167 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HC) is one of the important risk factors for gout, arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Animal studies have shown that Lactobacillus plantarum can improve microbiota and immune regulation, as well as inhibit uric acid production. However, it is not clear whether L. plantarum can improve HC and intestinal microbiota. We used potassium oxonate (PO) to induce HC in male SD rats and then treated them with L. plantarum TCI227 in a dose-dependent manner (HC + LD, HC + MD, HC + HD) for 4 weeks. We examined organ weight, conducted biochemical examinations of blood and urine, and analyzed the intestinal microbiota in feces through a 16s rDNA sequence analysis. In this study, TCI227 improved body weight, decreased creatinine and serum uric acid, and increased urine uric acid compared to the HC group. Furthermore, TCI227 increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In the fecal microbiota (family), TCI227 increased the level of Lactobacillaceae and then decreased the levels of Deferribacteres and Prevotellaceae compared to the HC group. Finally, in the fecal microbiota (genus), TCI227 decreased the level of Prevotella and then increased the levels of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus compared to the HC group. This study suggested that TCI227 can improve HC and can change the composition of intestinal microbiota in PO-induced male HC SD rats.
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Jiang L, Wu Y, Qu C, Lin Y, Yi X, Gao C, Cai J, Su Z, Zeng H. Hypouricemic effect of gallic acid, a bioactive compound from Sonneratia apetala leaves and branches, on hyperuricemic mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:10275-10290. [PMID: 36125096 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a tropical medicinal plant, Sonneratia apetala is mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas of China. Recently, the hypouricemic effect of Sonneratia apetala leaves and branches (SAL) has been reported, but the active compound and its mechanism are unclear. Thus, this study aims to explore the effective fraction of SAL and the mechanism of its active compound on uric acid formation and excretion. SAL was extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated to obtain solvent-free extracts (SAL-EA). The remains fraction (SAL-E) and the supernatant fraction (SAL-S) of SAL resulting from water extraction and alcohol precipitation were collected and dried. The effects of different fractions were explored on hyperuricemic mice. SAL-S showed excellent activities in decreasing the levels of uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CRE) in serum and in attenuating kidney damage. Then, the active compound gallic acid (GA) identified by HPLC was assayed for its mechanism of regulating uric acid metabolism in hyperuricemic mice. The hypouricemic effect of GA was probably associated with the downregulation of URAT1 and GLUT9, upregulation of ABCG2 and decreased activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XOD). Moreover, GA suppressed the level of MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β1, COX-2 and cystatin-C (Cys-C), and enhanced the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) in the kidneys. These results indicated that GA protects against hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury via suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation as well as decreasing the serum levels of UA by regulating urate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyun Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chang Qu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Cai
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huifang Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Hu BY, Zhao YL, Ma DY, Xiang ML, Zhao LX, Luo XD. Anti-hyperuricemic bioactivity of Alstonia scholaris and its bioactive triterpenoids in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115049. [PMID: 35150817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE One folk use of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. in "Dai" ethno-medicine system is to treat gouty arthritis, which might be caused by hyperuricemia, but anti-hyperuricemic investigation of A. scholaris were rarely reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To verify anti-hyperuricemic property of A. scholaris, and explore its bioactive compounds in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-hyperuricemic bioactivity of the non-alkaloids fraction and compounds were evaluated with potassium oxonate (PO) induced hyperuricemia mice model in vivo, and monosodium urate (MSU) induced human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) was selected to test in vitro, respectively, with benzobromarone as the positive control. 11 triterpenoids were isolated by phytochemical methods and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculation. RESULTS The non-alkaloids fraction of A. scholaris decreased the serum uric acid (UA) level in mice model significantly at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, and then nine ursane- and two oleanane-triterpenoids including four new compounds (1-3 and 10) were isolated from the bioactive fraction, in which compounds 1, 4, 5, 6 and 10 exhibited better anti-hyperuricemic tendency in vitro by promoting the excretion of UA in MSU-induced HK-2 cell model at a concentration of 5 μM. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 4 were proved to reduce the serum UA level in mice significantly at 5 mg/kg in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results supported the traditional use of A. scholaris in treating gouty arthritis, and also provided new bioactive triterpenoids for further chemical and pharmacological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Dan-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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8
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Feng S, Wu S, Xie F, Yang CS, Shao P. Natural compounds lower uric acid levels and hyperuricemia: Molecular mechanisms and prospective. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Tran LTT, Le TN, Ho DV, Nguyen TH, Pham VPT, Van Pham KT, Nguyen TK, Tran MH. Virtual Screening and in Vitro Evaluation to Identify a Potential Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Isolated from Vietnamese Uvaria cordata. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221080339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a potential target for gout disease experiments on animals and humans. Using a molecular docking technique to search for anti-XO compounds from Vietnamese medicinal plants, we discovered that numerous compounds from Uvaria cordata (Dunal) Alston (Annonaceae family) showed this activity. Among these, cordauvarin A exhibited the strongest binding affinity (−8.8 kcal/mol) to XO through a binding interaction with 5 amino acids (eg Gln-1194, Ala-1079, Ser-1080, Met-1038, and Arg-912) of XO protein. Lipinski's rule of five was used to predict the druglikeness of this compound. To confirm the inhibitory activity, an in vitro assay was performed, and the results demonstrated that cordauvarin A significantly inhibited XO, with an IC50 of 124.5 ± 10.12 μM. This study reveals that cordauvarin A is a possible natural therapeutic agent for gout treatment and that this genus should be explored more extensively. However, further investigations are necessary to develop possible natural therapeutic medicines for clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thuy Thi Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Trong Nhan Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Duc Viet Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Phu Tran Pham
- Institute of Applied Life Sciences (IALS), Dong A University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong A University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Tan Khanh Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Life Sciences (IALS), Dong A University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Scientific Management Department, Dong A University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Manh Hung Tran
- Institute of Applied Life Sciences (IALS), Dong A University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Scientific Management Department, Dong A University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Chen C, Hsu F, Tsai S, Lee S. Bioactive constituents from
Mesona chinensis
: Chemical evidence for its antihyperuricemic activity. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien‐Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu‐Chun Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng‐Fa Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shoei‐Sheng Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:919-929. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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12
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Alam M, Ali S, Ahmed S, Elasbali AM, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI, Yadav DK. Therapeutic Potential of Ursolic Acid in Cancer and Diabetic Neuropathy Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12162. [PMID: 34830043 PMCID: PMC8621142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid frequently found in medicinal herbs and plants, having numerous pharmacological effects. UA and its analogs treat multiple diseases, including cancer, diabetic neuropathy, and inflammatory diseases. UA inhibits cancer proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and induced cell death, scavenging free radicals and triggering numerous anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins. The biochemistry of UA has been examined broadly based on the literature, with alterations frequently having been prepared on positions C-3 (hydroxyl), C12-C13 (double bonds), and C-28 (carboxylic acid), leading to several UA derivatives with increased potency, bioavailability and water solubility. UA could be used as a protective agent to counter neural dysfunction via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It is a potential therapeutic drug implicated in the treatment of cancer and diabetic complications diseases provide novel machinery to the anti-inflammatory properties of UA. The pharmacological efficiency of UA is exhibited by the therapeutic theory of one-drug → several targets → one/multiple diseases. Hence, UA shows promising therapeutic potential for cancer and diabetic neuropathy diseases. This review aims to discuss mechanistic insights into promising beneficial effects of UA. We further explained the pharmacological aspects, clinical trials, and potential limitations of UA for the management of cancer and diabetic neuropathy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, Korea
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13
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Hu BY, Zhao YL, Xiong DS, He YJ, Zhou ZS, Zhu PF, Wang ZJ, Wang YL, Zhao LX, Luo XD. Potent Antihyperuricemic Triterpenoids Based on Two Unprecedented Scaffolds from the Leaves of Alstonia scholaris. Org Lett 2021; 23:4158-4162. [PMID: 34013731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Deng-Sen Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Nature Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201, P. R. China
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14
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Bou-Salah L, Benarous K, Linani A, Rabhi F, Chaib K, Chine I, Bensaidane H, Yousfi M. Anti-inflammatory drugs as new inhibitors to xanthine oxidase: In vitro and in silico approach. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 58:101733. [PMID: 33957269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The two important targets to treat gout disease are (1) control the hyperuricemia by the inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase (XO) and (2) treatment of acute attacks of gout by the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. It is important to distinguish between therapy to manage hyperuricemia and to reduce acute inflammation. While reducing hyperuricemia is resolved very slowly with available drugs, gout symptoms like pain and inflammation may become persistent. The objective of this study is to find a relevant treatment with a beneficial double effect. (1) As an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effect and (2) as XO inhibitory effect, which is the main objective of this study. We investigated the effect of five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against human and bovine milk xanthine oxidases (HXO and BXO) using the double enzyme detection method (DED) and molecular docking with the Autodock vina program. in vitro results show that the NSAIDs give an important inhibition to HXO and BXO with an IC50 of 2.04 ± 0.13 μg/ml, 2.75 ± 0.23 μg/ml, 1.45 ± 0.19 μg/ml, 0.31 ± 0.13 μg/ml and 1.27 ± 0.11 μg/ml, for HXO, and 2.96 ± 0.27 μg/ml, 9.46 ± 0.13 μg/ml, 6.21 ± 1.17 μg/ml, 0.83 ± 0.11 μg/ml, and 3.48 ± 0.13 μg/ml, for BXO, for respectively, Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Indomethacin, and Celecoxib. Testing the inhibitory activity of these drugs on both XOs shows an important inhibition, especially from Indomethacin, which could be a promising lead compound for reducing acute inflammation and at the same time controlling hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bou-Salah
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria.
| | - Khedidja Benarous
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria; Biology Department, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Abderahmane Linani
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Faiza Rabhi
- Biology Department, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Kheira Chaib
- Biology Department, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Imane Chine
- Biology Department, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | | | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
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Orhan IE, Deniz FSS. Natural Products and Extracts as Xantine Oxidase Inhibitors - A Hope for Gout Disease? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:143-158. [PMID: 32723252 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200728144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) (XO) is one of the main enzymatic sources that create reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the living system. It is a dehydrogenase enzyme that performs electron transfer to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), while oxidizing hypoxanthin, which is an intermediate compound in purine catabolism, first to xanthine and then to uric acid. XO turns into an oxidant enzyme that oxidizes thiol groups under certain stress conditions in the tissue. The last metabolic step, in which hypoxanthin turns into uric acid, is catalyzed by XO. Uric acid, considered a waste product, can cause kidney stones and gouty-type arthritis as it is crystallized, when present in high concentrations. Thus, XO inhibitors are one of the drug classes used against gout, a purine metabolism disease that causes urate crystal storage in the joint and its surroundings caused by hyperuricemia. Urate-lowering therapy includes XO inhibitors that reduce uric acid production as well as uricosuric drugs that increase urea excretion. Current drugs that obstruct uric acid synthesis through XO inhibition are allopurinol, febuxostat, and uricase. However, since the side effects, safety and tolerability problems of some current gout medications still exist, intensive research is ongoing to look for new, effective, and safer XO inhibitors of natural or synthetic origins for the treatment of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to assess in detail XO inhibitory capacities of pure natural compounds along with the extracts from plants and other natural sources via screening Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Google Academic. The data pointed out to the fact that natural products, particularly phenolics such as flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and scutellarein), tannins (agrimoniin and ellagitannin), chalcones (melanoxethin), triterpenes (ginsenoside Rd and ursolic acid), stilbenes (resveratrol and piceatannol), alkaloids (berberin and palmatin) have a great potential for new XO inhibitors capable of use against gout disease. In addition, not only plants but other biological sources such as microfungi, macrofungi, lichens, insects (silk worms, ants, etc) seem to be the promising sources of novel XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay E Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma S S Deniz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Khwaza V, Oyedeji OO, Aderibigbe BA. Ursolic Acid-Based Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5920. [PMID: 32824664 PMCID: PMC7460570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from medicinal plants, fruit, and vegetables. The pharmacological activities of ursolic acid have been extensively studied over the past few years and various reports have revealed that ursolic acid has multiple biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, etc. In terms of cancer treatment, ursolic acid interacts with a number of molecular targets that play an essential role in many cell signaling pathways. It suppresses transformation, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Although ursolic acid has many benefits, its therapeutic applications in clinical medicine are limited by its poor bioavailability and absorption. To overcome such disadvantages, researchers around the globe have designed and developed synthetic ursolic acid derivatives with enhanced therapeutic effects by structurally modifying the parent skeleton of ursolic acid. These structurally modified compounds display enhanced therapeutic effects when compared to ursolic acid. This present review summarizes various synthesized derivatives of ursolic acid with anti-cancer activity which were reported from 2015 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; (V.K.); (O.O.O.)
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17
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Geerlofs L, He Z, Xiao S, Xiao ZC. Repeated dose (90 days) oral toxicity study of ursolic acid in Han-Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:610-623. [PMID: 32435599 PMCID: PMC7229404 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid was administered at a dose of 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg/day. No Ursolic acid related effects were found after administrating orally for 90 days. The no observed adverse effect level is likely to be higher than 1000 mg/kg/day.
Background Ursolic acid (UA) has been used in alternative medicine for decades, and there has been a great interest in its medicinal properties. Despite this increased interest, a detailed long-term toxicity study has not been performed. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term toxic effect of UA on clinical chemistry, haematology, coagulation, pathology/morphology, behaviour and motor skills in rats. Methods A solution was made by dissolving UA in a mixture of 0.1% Tween 80 and 0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in Milli-Q Water. The control group received the vehicle, and the test groups received a dose up to 1000 mg/kg/day via oral gavage. The solution was administered to both male and female (Han-Wistar) rats for 90 consecutive days. Results UA did not cause any deaths, abnormal body weights or abnormal pathology at all test doses. In addition to that, no toxicological changes were observed in behaviour, neurotoxicity, coagulation, haematology or clinical chemistry that are related to the administration of UA. Conclusion This study indicates that oral dosing of UA for 90 consecutive days does not lead to toxic effects at any of the doses. Therefore, the NOAEL for UA is likely to be higher than 1000 mg/kg/day.
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Key Words
- 90 days
- A/G, Albumin/globulin ratio
- ALB, Albumin
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- APTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BASO, Basophils
- CA, Calcium
- CHOL, Cholesterol
- CK, Creatine kinase
- CL, Chloride
- CREAT, Creatine
- EOS, Eosinophils
- FIB, Fibrogen
- GGT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase
- GLOB, Globulin
- GLUC, Glucose
- HGB, Haemoglobin
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- HPMC, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- K, Potassium
- LUC, Large unstained cells percent
- LYMPH, Lymphocytes
- MCH, Mean corpuscular haemoglobin
- MCHC, Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
- MCV, Mean corpuscular volume
- MONO, Monocytes percent
- N.V.L, No visible lesions
- NA, Sodium
- NEUT, Neutrophils percent
- NOEL, No observed effect level
- No observed adverse effect level
- OA, Oleanonic acid
- OECD
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- PHOS, Inorganic phosphate
- PLT, Platelet count
- PT, Prothrombin time
- RBC, Red blood cell count
- RDWG, Red blood cell distribution width gated
- RETIC, Reticulocytes
- Repeated dose toxicity
- TBIL, Total bilirubin
- TPROT, Total protein
- TRIG, Triglycerides
- UA, Ursolic acid
- Ursolic acid
- WBC, White blood cell count
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Geerlofs
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, 3168, Australia.,iRiccorgpharm Health Pty Ltd, Melbourne, 3168, Australia
| | - Zhiyong He
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, 3168, Australia.,iRiccorgpharm Health Pty Ltd, Melbourne, 3168, Australia
| | - Sa Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, 3168, Australia.,iRiccorgpharm Health Pty Ltd, Melbourne, 3168, Australia
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, 3168, Australia.,iRiccorgpharm Health Pty Ltd, Melbourne, 3168, Australia
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18
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From Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition to In Vivo Hypouricemic Effect: An Integrated Overview of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies with Focus on Natural Molecules and Analogues. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9531725. [PMID: 32184901 PMCID: PMC7060854 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9531725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is characterized by elevated uric acid (UA) levels on blood, which can lead to gout, a common pathology. These high UA levels are associated with increased purine ingestion and metabolization and/or its decreased excretion. In this field, xanthine oxidase (XO), by converting hypoxanthine and xanthine to UA, plays an important role in hyperuricemia control. Based on limitations and adverse effects associated with the use of allopurinol and febuxostat, the most known approved drugs with XO inhibitory effect, the search for new molecules with XO activity is growing. However, despite the high number of studies, it was found that the majority of tested products with relevant XO inhibition were left out, and no further pharmacological evaluation was performed. Thus, in the present review, available information published in the past six years concerning isolated molecules with in vitro XO inhibition complemented with cytotoxicity evaluation as well as other relevant studies, including in vivo hypouricemic effect, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile was compiled. Interestingly, the analysis of data collected demonstrated that molecules from natural sources or their mimetics and semisynthetic derivatives constitute the majority of compounds being explored at the moment by means of in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Therefore, several of these molecules can be useful as lead compounds and some of them can even have the potential to be considered in the future clinical candidates for the treatment of hyperuricemia.
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Mlala S, Oyedeji AO, Gondwe M, Oyedeji OO. Ursolic Acid and Its Derivatives as Bioactive Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E2751. [PMID: 31362424 PMCID: PMC6695944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases continue to be threatening and deadly to human kind. Resistance to and side effects of known drugs for treatment further increase the threat, while at the same time leaving scientists to search for alternative sources from nature, especially from plants. Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PT) from medicinal plants have been identified as one class of secondary metabolites that could play a critical role in the treatment and management of several NCDs. One of such PT is ursolic acid (UA, 3 β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid), which possesses important biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its bioavailability and solubility limits its clinical application. Mimusops caffra, Ilex paraguarieni, and Glechoma hederacea, have been reported as major sources of UA. The chemistry of UA has been studied extensively based on the literature, with modifications mostly having been made at positions C-3 (hydroxyl), C12-C13 (double bonds) and C-28 (carboxylic acid), leading to several UA derivatives (esters, amides, oxadiazole quinolone, etc.) with enhanced potency, bioavailability and water solubility. This article comprehensively reviews the information that has become available over the last decade with respect to the sources, chemistry, biological potency and clinical trials of UA and its derivatives as potential therapeutic agents, with a focus on addressing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithenkosi Mlala
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Mavuto Gondwe
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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de Oliveira JR, Camargo SEA, de Oliveira LD. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) as therapeutic and prophylactic agent. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:5. [PMID: 30621719 PMCID: PMC6325740 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated around the world. Besides the therapeutic purpose, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. R. officinalis L. is constituted by bioactive molecules, the phytocompounds, responsible for implement several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antitumor and protective, inhibitory and attenuating activities. Thus, in vivo and in vitro studies were presented in this Review, approaching the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of R. officinalis L. on some physiological disorders caused by biochemical, chemical or biological agents. In this way, methodology, mechanisms, results, and conclusions were described. The main objective of this study was showing that plant products could be equivalent to the available medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 - Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 - Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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