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Wang YL, Chu KY, Hsieh TF, Yao CCJ, Lin CH, Lee ZH, Wang SK. Orodental malformations associated with human MSX1 sequence variants. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:484-495.e21. [PMID: 38713117 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MSX1 sequence variants have been known to cause human tooth agenesis (TA) with or without orofacial clefts. However, their roles during the whole processes of tooth development are not fully understood. This study aimed to characterize a 4-membered family with TA carrying a novel MSX1 pathogenic variant and investigate the disease mechanism. METHODS The authors conducted whole exome analysis to define the disease-causing sequence variant. They performed microcomputed tomography, morphometric analyses, transcriptome profiling, and molecular characterization to study the affected teeth and the gene variant. RESULTS The authors identified an MSX1 pathogenic variant, p.Glu232∗, in affected family members with TA and concomitant orodental anomalies, namely, prominent maxillary labial frenum, central incisor diastema, median maxillary anterior alveolar cleft, tooth fusion, mandibular molar dysmorphology, thin dentin layer, and slender dental roots. MSX1-defective teeth were not apparently microdontic but had thin dentin layers. The mandibular molars showed a homeotic transformation to maxillary counterparts. Genes involved in extracellular matrix organization and dentinogenesis, such as DMP1 and MMP20, were downregulated in dental pulp tissues of MSX1-defective teeth. The p.Glu232∗-truncated MSX1 properly localized to the nucleus but partially lost its transactivation ability. Analyzing reported cases indicated that truncation sequence variants within the homeobox domain of MSX1 caused a more severe TA phenotype than those outside of the homeobox domain, probably due to dominant negativity compared with haploinsufficiency. CONCLUSIONS This study provides in vivo evidence that MSX1 contributes to developmental processes of various orodental tissues in humans. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinically, hypertrophic labial frenum, incisor diastema, and median maxillary anterior alveolar cleft might be considered diagnostic for MSX1-associated TA.
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Zhao Y, Ren J, Meng L, Hou Y, Liu C, Zhang G, Shen W. Characterization of novel MSX1 variants causally associated with non-syndromic oligodontia in Chinese families. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2334. [PMID: 38069551 PMCID: PMC10767605 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MSX1 (OMIM #142983) is crucial to normal dental development, and variants in MSX1 are associated with dental anomalies. The objective of this study was to characterize the pathogenicity of novel MSX1 variants in Chinese families with non-syndromic oligodontia (NSO). METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from individuals representing 35 families with non-syndromic oligodontia and was analyzed by Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing. Pathogenic variants were screened via analyses involving PolyPhen-2, Sorting-Intolerant from Tolerant, and MutationTaster, and conservative analysis of variants. Patterns of MSX1-related NSO were analyzed. MSX1 structural changes suggested functional consequences in vitro. RESULTS Three previously unreported MSX1 heterozygous variants were identified: one insertion variant (c.576_577insTAG; p.Gln193*) and two missense variants (c. 871T>C; p.Tyr291His and c. 644A>C; p.Gln215Pro). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed abnormal subcellular localization of the p.Gln193* MSX1 variant. In addition, we found that these MSX1 variants likely lead to the loss of second premolars. CONCLUSION Three novel MSX1 variants were identified in Chinese Han families with NSO, expanding the MSX1 variant spectrum and presenting a genetic origin for the pathogenesis detected in patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPR China
| | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPR China
| | - Lingqiang Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPR China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPR China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Forensic MedicineHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPR China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPR China
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Semjid D, Ahn H, Bayarmagnai S, Gantumur M, Kim S, Lee JH. Identification of novel candidate genes associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in Mongolian families. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:56. [PMID: 38157055 PMCID: PMC10756872 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis (TA) in nine families from Mongolia using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 41 participants, including three inherited and six non-inherited families. WES analysis was performed on 14 saliva samples from individuals with non-syndromic TA. The potential candidate genes were identified through variant filtering and segregation analysis. The filtered variants were then analyzed in silico mutation impact analysis. RESULTS WES analysis identified 21 variants associated with TA, and 5 of these variants met all filtering criteria. These variants were located in the exome region of MAST4, ITGA6, PITX2, CACNA1S, and CDON genes. The variant in PITX2 was found in eight participants from inherited and non-inherited families, while the MAST4 variant was identified in 6 participants from inherited families. CONCLUSIONS The study identified various genetic variant candidates associated with TA in different family groups, with PITX2 being the most commonly identified. Our findings suggest that MAST4 may also be a novel candidate gene for TA due to its association with the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that five candidate genes related to focal adhesion and calcium channel complex were significant and essential in tooth development. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identifying new pathogenic genes associated with TA can improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, leading to better diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Early detection of TA based on biomarkers can improve dental management and facilitate orthodontic and prosthetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejidnorov Semjid
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 80 Jigok-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sapaar Bayarmagnai
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Chingeltei District, Nuuriin 2-21, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Munkhjargal Gantumur
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Chingeltei District, Nuuriin 2-21, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 80 Jigok-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Memon A, Khidri FF, Waryah YM, Nigar R, Bhinder MA, Shaikh AM, Shaikh H, Waryah AM. Association of MSX1 Gene Variants with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate in the Pakistani Population. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023:10556656231185218. [PMID: 37431261 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231185218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association of MSX1 gene variants rs3821949 and rs12532 with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in the Pakistani population. DESIGN Comparative cross-sectional study.Setting: Multicenter of CL/P malformation.Patients/Participants: Unrelated Non-Syndromic cleft Lip/Palate patients and healthy controls were enrolled. METHODS One hundred (n = 100) subjects with NSCL/P and n = 50 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in a multicenter comparative cross-sectional study. A tetra amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to analyze MSXI gene single nucleotide variants (SNVs). RESULTS Among 100 NSCL/P subjects, the majority were males (56%; male: female = 1.27: 1). Most of the cases (74%) had cleft lip and palate (CLP) compared to isolated clefts. Genotyping of MSX1 gene variant rs3821949 showed an increased risk for NSCL/P in various genetic models (P < 0.0001), and the A allele exhibited a more than 4-fold increased risk among cases (OR = 4.22: 95% CI = 2.16-8.22; P < 0.0001). Our investigation found no significant difference between the rs12532 variation and NSCL/P. CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest that MSX1 gene variants may increase predisposition to NSCL/P in the Pakistani population. Further studies comprising large samples are required to identify the genetic aetiology of NSCL/P among our people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Memon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Feriha Fatima Khidri
- Department of Biochemistry, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Roohi Nigar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad Bhinder
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hina Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Eppich S, Kuhn C, Schmoeckel E, Mayr D, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Gallwas J, Heidegger HH. MSX1-expression during the different phases in healthy human endometrium. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:273-279. [PMID: 37101223 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The human endometrium consists of different layers (basalis and functionalis) and undergoes different phases throughout the menstrual cycle. In a former paper, our research group was able to describe MSX1 as a positive prognosticator in endometrial carcinomas. The aim of this study was to examine the MSX1 expression in healthy endometrial tissue throughout the different phases to gain more insight on the mechanics of MSX-regulation in the female reproductive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, we investigated a total of 17 normal endometrial tissues (six during proliferative phase and five during early and six during late secretory phase). We used immunohistochemical staining and an immunoreactive score (IRS) to evaluate MSX1 expression. We also investigated correlations with other proteins, that have already been examined in our research group using the same patient collective. RESULTS MSX1 is expressed in glandular cells during the proliferative phase and downregulated at early and late secretory phase (p = 0.011). Also, a positive correlation between MSX1 and the progesterone-receptor A (PR-A) (correlation coefficient (cc) = 0.0671; p = 0.024), and the progesterone receptor B (PR-B) (cc = 0.0691; p = 0.018) was found. A trend towards negative correlation was recognized between MSX1 and Inhibin Beta-C-expression in glandular cells (cc = - 0.583; p-value = 0.060). CONCLUSION MSX1 is known as a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. MSX1 is a p53-interacting protein and overexpression of homeobox MSX1 induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Here we show that MSX1 is expressed especially in the proliferative phase of glandular epithelial tissue of the normal endometrium. The found positive correlation between MSX1 and progesterone receptors A and B confirms the results of a previous study on cancer tissue by our research group. Because MSX1 is known to be downregulated by progesterone, the found correlation of MSX1 and both PR-A and -B may represent a direct regulation of the MSX1 gene by a PR-response element. Here further investigation would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Eppich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 56, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 56, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg August University Göttingen, University Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helene Hildegard Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Alkhatib R, Hawamdeh R, Al-Eitan L, Abdo N, Obeidat F, Al-Bataineh M, Aman H. Family and case–control genetic study of MSX1 polymorphisms in peg-shaped teeth Jordanian population. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:16. [PMID: 35065635 PMCID: PMC8783454 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the genetic association of specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the muscle segment homeobox gene 1 (MSX1) with susceptibility to the peg-shaped teeth in 36 Jordanian Arab families and case–control samples in the Jordanian Arab population. Methods This cohort involved 108 individuals (36 trios families), which were used for family-based genetic study. Additionally, 56 patients and 57 controls were used for case–control study. Genomic DNA samples from both families and case–control were extracted according to distinguished processes. Then, polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) was conducted using specific primers for the axons of the MSX1. Moreover, DNA sequencing genotyping method analysis of SNPs was used to detect specified SNPs in the MSX1 linked with peg-shaped teeth. Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium and Chi-square were used to evaluate the data quality and the presence of any genotypic error. In addition, Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT) was used identify family-based association in which trios of parents and proband are used.
Results The results of this study showed fourteen polymorphic sites in this gene, eight of them (rs121913129, rs104893852, rs104893853, rs121913130, rs104893850, rs1095, rs3775261, and rs1042484) were none-polymorphic. Meanwhile, the minor allele frequencies of the rest of the SNPs were polymorphic (rs8670, rs12532, rs3821949, rs4464513, rs1907998, and rs6446693). However, none of these SNPs were associated with peg-shaped teeth. Moreover, the haplotype genetic analysis revealed that there was no genetic association with peg-shaped teeth disorder susceptibility (P > 0.05) in the Jordanian families of Arab descent. Conclusions The present findings can be used in estimation of prevalence of peg-shaped teeth in the Jordanian population. However, our findings revealed that there is no evidence that the MSX1 polymorphisms had a crucial role in the peg-shaped teeth phenomenon, emphasizing that other genes might have this role. These findings are beneficial for clinicians to comprehensively understand the molecular aspects of teeth abnormalities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02051-2.
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Lee E, Park S, Um S, Kim S, Lee J, Jang J, Jeong HO, Shin J, Kang J, Lee S, Jeong T. Microbiome of Saliva and Plaque in Children According to Age and Dental Caries Experience. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1324. [PMID: 34441259 PMCID: PMC8393408 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries are one of the chronic diseases caused by organic acids made from oral microbes. However, there was a lack of knowledge about the oral microbiome of Korean children. The aim of this study was to analyze the metagenome data of the oral microbiome obtained from Korean children and to discover bacteria highly related to dental caries with machine learning models. Saliva and plaque samples from 120 Korean children aged below 12 years were collected. Bacterial composition was identified using Illumina HiSeq sequencing based on the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Ten major genera accounted for approximately 70% of the samples on average, including Streptococcus, Neisseria, Corynebacterium, and Fusobacterium. Differential abundant analyses revealed that Scardovia wiggsiae and Leptotrichia wadei were enriched in the caries samples, while Neisseria oralis was abundant in the non-caries samples of children aged below 6 years. The caries and non-caries samples of children aged 6-12 years were enriched in Streptococcus mutans and Corynebacterium durum, respectively. The machine learning models based on these differentially enriched taxa showed accuracies of up to 83%. These results confirmed significant alterations in the oral microbiome according to dental caries and age, and these differences can be used as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eungyung Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (E.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Suhyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | | | - Seunghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Jinho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Hyoung-oh Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Jonghyun Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (E.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | | | - Semin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.J.); (H.-o.J.)
| | - Taesung Jeong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (E.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Adachi J, Aoki Y, Tatematsu T, Goto H, Nakayama A, Nishiyama T, Takahashi K, Sana M, Ota A, Machida J, Nagao T, Tokita Y. Novel MSX1 frameshift mutation in a Japanese family with nonsyndromic oligodontia. Hum Genome Var 2021; 8:29. [PMID: 34285200 PMCID: PMC8292458 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-021-00161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital tooth agenesis is a common anomaly in humans. We investigated the etiology of human tooth agenesis by exome analysis in Japanese patients, and found a previously undescribed heterozygous deletion (NM_002448.3(MSX1_v001):c.433_449del) in the first exon of the MSX1 gene. The deletion leads to a frameshift and generates a premature termination codon. The truncated form of MSX1, namely, p.(Trp145Leufs*24) lacks the homeodomain, which is crucial for transcription factor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Adachi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Aoki
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tatematsu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakayama
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsu Takahashi
- Dentistry & Oral Surgery,Tazuke Kofukai, Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Ota
- Department of Oncology, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Junichiro Machida
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Toru Nagao
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tokita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan.
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Bonczek O, Krejci P, Izakovicova-Holla L, Cernochova P, Kiss I, Vojtesek B. Tooth agenesis: What do we know and is there a connection to cancer? Clin Genet 2021; 99:493-502. [PMID: 33249565 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Like all developmental processes, odontogenesis is highly complex and dynamically regulated, with hundreds of genes co-expressed in reciprocal networks. Tooth agenesis (missing one or more/all teeth) is a common human craniofacial anomaly and may be caused by genetic variations and/or environmental factors. Variants in PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, and WNT10A genes are associated with tooth agenesis. Currently, variants in ATF1, DUSP10, CASC8, IRF6, KDF1, GREM2, LTBP3, and components and regulators of WNT signaling WNT10B, LRP6, DKK, and KREMEN1 are at the forefront of interest. Due to the interconnectedness of the signaling pathways of carcinogenesis and odontogenesis, tooth agenesis could be a suitable marker for early detection of cancer predisposition. Variants in genes associated with tooth agenesis could serve as prognostic or therapeutic targets in cancer. This review aims to summarize existing knowledge of development and clinical genetics of teeth. Concurrently, the review proposes possible approaches for future research in this area, with particular attention to roles in monitoring, early diagnosis and therapy of tumors associated with defective tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bonczek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Krejci
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova-Holla
- Department of Stomatology, Institution shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Cernochova
- Department of Stomatology, Institution shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Novel MSX1 variants identified in families with nonsyndromic oligodontia. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:2. [PMID: 33419968 PMCID: PMC7794556 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify MSX1 gene variants in multiple Chinese families with nonsyndromic oligodontia and analyse the functional influence of these variants. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the causal gene variants in five families with nonsyndromic oligodontia, and a series of bioinformatics databases were used for variant confirmation and functional prediction. Phenotypic characterization of the members of these families was described, and an in vitro analysis was performed for functional evaluation. Five novel MSX1 heterozygous variants were identified: three missense variants [c.662A>C (p.Q221P), c.670C>T (p.R224C), and c.809C>T (p.S270L)], one nonsense variant [c.364G>T (p.G122*)], and one frameshift variant [c.277delG (p.A93Rfs*67)]. Preliminary in vitro studies demonstrated that the subcellular localization of MSX1 was abnormal with the p.Q221P, p.R224C, p.G122*, and p.A93Rfs*67 variants compared to the wild type. Three variants (p.Q221P, p.G122*, and p.A93Rfs*67) were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while p.S270L and p.R224C were of uncertain significance in the current data. Moreover, we summarized and analysed the MSX1-related tooth agenesis positions and found that the type and variant locus were not related to the severity of tooth loss. Our results expand the variant spectrum of nonsyndromic oligodontia and provide valuable information for genetic counselling.
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Yu M, Fan Z, Wong SW, Sun K, Zhang L, Liu H, Feng H, Liu Y, Han D. Lrp6 Dynamic Expression in Tooth Development and Mutations in Oligodontia. J Dent Res 2020; 100:415-422. [PMID: 33164649 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520970459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes associated with the WNT pathway play an important role in the etiology of tooth agenesis. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 encoding gene (LRP6) is a recently defined gene that is associated with autosomal dominant inherited tooth agenesis. Here, we aimed to identify novel LRP6 mutations in patients with tooth agenesis and investigate the significance of Lrp6 during tooth development. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified 4 novel LRP6 heterozygous mutations (c.2292G>A, c.195dup, c.1095dup, and c.1681C>T) in 4 of 77 oligodontia patients. Notably, a patient who carried a nonsense LRP6 mutation (c.2292G>A; p.W764*) presented a hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia phenotype. Preliminary functional studies, including bioinformatics analysis and TOP-/FOP-flash reporter assays, demonstrated that the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling was compromised as a consequence of LRP6 mutations. RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed dynamic and special changes of Lrp6 expression during murine tooth development from E11.5 to E16.5. It was noteworthy that Lrp6 was specifically expressed in the epithelium at E11.5 to E13.5 but was expressed in both dental epithelium and dental papilla from E14.5 and persisted in both tissues at later stages. Our study broadens the mutation spectrum of human tooth agenesis and is the first to identify a LRP6 mutation in patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and reveal the dynamic expression pattern of Lrp6 during tooth development. Information from this study is conducive to understanding the functional significance of Lrp6 on the biological process of tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Fan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S W Wong
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Care-Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - D Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Cunha AS, Dos Santos LV, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Kirschneck C, Gerber JT, Stuani MB, Matsumoto MAN, Vieira AR, Scariot R, Küchler EC. Genetic variants in tooth agenesis-related genes might be also involved in tooth size variations. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1307-1318. [PMID: 32648061 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate if genetic variants in PAX9, MSX1, TGFα, FGF3, FGF10, FGF13, GLI2 and GLI3 are involved in TS of permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pretreatment dental records from orthodontic patients were assessed prior to recruitment. Patients with tooth agenesis and congenital anomalies (including oral cleft) and/or syndromes were excluded. Dental casts were used to measure the maximum crown dimensions of all fully erupted permanent teeth except second and third molars in mesiodistal direction. Teeth with caries, occlusal wear, mesiodistal restorations, and obvious deformities were not evaluated. Genomic DNA samples were used for genotyping. The allelic discrimination of 13 genetic variants was performed. The associations between TS and genotype were analyzed by linear regression, adjusted by gender at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Genetic polymorphisms in the tooth agenesis-related genes studied here were associated with increased and decreased TS, in both maxilla and mandible (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study reported associations of novel tooth agenesis-related gene variants with permanent tooth size variations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The presence of some genetic variants could allow the prediction of permanent tooth size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Cunha
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n - Campus da USP, Sao Paulo, 4040-904, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Vertuan Dos Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n - Campus da USP, Sao Paulo, 4040-904, Brazil
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n - Campus da USP, Sao Paulo, 4040-904, Brazil
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Bernadete Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n - Campus da USP, Sao Paulo, 4040-904, Brazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n - Campus da USP, Sao Paulo, 4040-904, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rezende Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 412 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n - Campus da USP, Sao Paulo, 4040-904, Brazil.
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Eppich S, Kuhn C, Schmoeckel E, Mayr D, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Gallwas J, Heidegger HH. MSX1-A Potential Marker for Uterus-Preserving Therapy of Endometrial Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124529. [PMID: 32630554 PMCID: PMC7350265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostic factors are of great interest in patients with endometrial cancer. One potential factor could be the protein MSX1, a transcription repressor, that has an inhibitory effect on the cell cycle. For this study, endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (n = 53), clear cell endometrial carcinomas (n = 6), endometrioid ovarian carcinomas (n = 19), and clear cell ovarian carcinomas (n = 11) were immunochemically stained for the protein MSX1 and evaluated using the immunoreactive score (IRS). A significant stronger expression of MSX1 was found in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (p < 0.001), in grading 2 (moderate differentiation) (p = 0.001), and in tumor material of patients with no involvement of lymph nodes (p = 0.031). Correlations were found between MSX1 expression and the expression of β-Catenin, p21, p53, and the steroid receptors ERα, ERβ, PRα, and PRβ. A significant (p = 0.023) better survival for patients with an MSX1 expression in more than 10% of the tumor cells was observed for endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (21.3 years median survival (MSX1-positive) versus 17.3 years (MSX1-negative)). Although there is evidence that MSX1 expression correlates with improved long-term survival, further studies are necessary to evaluate if MSX1 can be used as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Eppich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 56, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 56, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-54240
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg August University Goettingen, University Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Helene Hildegard Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
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Latalova K, Sery O, Hosakova K, Hosak L. Gene-Environment Interactions in Major Mental Disorders in the Czech Republic. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1147-1156. [PMID: 32440130 PMCID: PMC7212780 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s238522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders affect about one-third of the human population, are typically chronic and significantly decrease the quality of life. Presently, the treatment of mental illnesses is far from adequate with a substantial proportion of the patients being pharmacoresistant and suffering from relapses. One of the reasons for this complicated situation is that we do not precisely know about the causes of mental disorders, so their treatment cannot be causal. The etiology of a mental disorder is typically based on a combination of molecular (genetic) and environmental factors. AIM The aim of the project is to discover the gene-environment interactions (GxE) in a wide spectrum of mental disorders. METHODS The design of our study is innovative in the sense that we intend to study large groups of associated mental disorders as a whole instead of in isolation. This would enable us to map out the possible environmental causal factors in detail in relation to their character, magnitude and timing. The project also allows a study of genetics (including epigenetics and microbiomes) as well as the environment simultaneously. We plan on involving three study groups: the first group are patients suffering from schizophrenia or a mood disorder such as major depression, recurrent depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder; the second group of patients have anxiety disorders; and the third group are healthy volunteers from the general population who are genetically unrelated. All of the study subjects will undergo the following assessments: a psychiatric examination, the identification of stressful life events with the aid of a questionnaire, the examination of their reaction to stress, genetic and epigenetic (microRNA) assessments and the analysis of oral and gut microbiome. CONCLUSION We expect that some of the genetic as well as environmental factors in the studied mental disorders are shared, while some others are specific. We also expect that the GxE (gene-environment interaction) in schizophrenic and affective disorders will be different from the GxE in anxiety disorders and that the GxE in the studied mental disorders will differ generally from the GxE in healthy volunteers. Our results can help in the prevention and individualized treatment of a range of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Palacky University Olomouc, School of Medicine and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Omar Sery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Hosakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University, School of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Hosak
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University, School of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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15
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Olsson B, Calixto RD, da Silva Machado NC, Meger MN, Paula-Silva FWG, Rebellato NLB, da Costa DJ, Küchler EC, Scariot R. MSX1 is differentially expressed in the deepest impacted maxillary third molars. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:789-794. [PMID: 32381388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An impacted third molar is one of the most common dental abnormalities. Among the reasons for impaction the most common are: insufficient space, time of eruption, improper position of the tooth bud, and genetic disruptions. To investigate if runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) are differently expressed depending on the position of the molar, we studied 32 patients who had been referred for surgical removal. An orthopantomogram was used to separate them according to Winter's, and Pell & Gregory's, classifications. Bone samples were harvested during the operation for gene expression assay. The Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's post hoc, and Spearman's correlation, tests were used to assess the significance of differences. No correlations were found in expression of the genes, and no differences between expression in maxillary and mandibular third molars, nor were they expressed differently according to Winter's or Pell and Gregory's classifications or in relation to impaction of the mandibular ramus. However, MSX1 was expressed differently when account was taken of the depth of impaction in maxillary third molars (p = 0.029), but there was no difference in expression of RUNX2, BMP2, and MSX1 for the Pell and Gregory classification of depth of impaction (p > 0.05). We conclude that MSX1 is expressed differently depending on the depth of maxillary impaction phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olsson
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - R D Calixto
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - N C da Silva Machado
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - M N Meger
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Positivo University, Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280330, Brazil.
| | - F W G Paula-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - N L B Rebellato
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - D J da Costa
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - E C Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - R Scariot
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil; School of Health Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Positivo University, Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280330, Brazil.
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Takahashi M, Ikeda K, Ohmuraya M, Nakagawa Y, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Kawakami K. Six1 is required for signaling center formation and labial-lingual asymmetry in developing lower incisors. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1098-1116. [PMID: 32243674 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structure of the mouse incisor is characterized by its asymmetric accumulation of enamel matrix proteins on the labial side. The asymmetric structure originates from the patterning of the epithelial incisor placode through the interaction with dental mesenchymal cells. However, the molecular basis for the asymmetric patterning of the incisor germ is largely unknown. RESULTS A homeobox transcription factor SIX1 was shown to be produced in the mandibular mesenchyme, and its localization patterns changed dynamically during lower incisor development. Six1-/- mice exhibited smaller lower incisor primordia than wild-type mice. Furthermore, Six1-/- mice showed enamel matrix production on both the lingual and labial sides and disturbed odontoblast maturation. In the earlier stages of development, the formation of signaling centers, the initiation knot and the enamel knot, which are essential for the morphogenesis of tooth germs, were impaired in Six1-/- embryos. Notably, Wnt signaling activity, which shows an anterior-posterior gradient, and the expression patterns of genes involved in incisor formation were altered in the mesenchyme in Six1-/- embryos. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Six1 is required for signaling center formation in lower incisor germs and the labial-lingual asymmetry of the lower incisors by regulating the anterior-posterior patterning of the mandibular mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Takahashi
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakagawa
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, HigashiHiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, HigashiHiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Study of rs12532, rs8670 Polymorphism of Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1), rs61754301, rs4904155 Polymorphism of Paired Box Gene 9 (PAX9), and rs2240308 Polymorphism of Axis Inhibitor Protein 2 (AXIN2) Genes in Nonsyndromic Hypodontia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2183720. [PMID: 31781599 PMCID: PMC6875315 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2183720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of hypodontia is complex, in which both genetic and environmental factors can be related. The main objective of our study was to contribute to elucidating the genetic background of nonsyndromic hypodontia (NSH). In this order, we selected 97 NSH subjects (70 females and 27 males) from patients referred to orthodontic treatment, and we matched to each NSH subject a control by age and sex. DNA was obtained from epithelial cells from the oral mucosa. Genotyping of the PAX9 (rs4904155 and rs61754301), MSX1 (rs8670 and rs12532), and AXIN2 (rs2240308) SNPs was performed by using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays on a real-time PCR system. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied for the whole NSH group and for frontal and lateral agenesis NSH subjects separately. Our results showed that the variant genotype (p=0.0008, OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.58–5.3) and variant T allele (p=0.0002, OR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.6–4.39) of the MSX1 rs8670 SNP increased the risk of hypodontia in the studied population when the whole NSH group was compared with controls. The variant genotype of the MSX1 rs8670 SNP was the most frequent in frontal agenesis; meanwhile in the lateral agenesis NSH group, the AXIN2 rs2240308 SNP showed a higher frequency of the variant genotype, with a trend towards statistical significance. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that the variant genotype and variant T allele of the MSX1 rs8670 SNP increased the risk of hypodontia in the studied population. The presence of the variant A allele of AXIN2 rs2240308 is associated with frontal agenesis but not with lateral agenesis.
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