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Wu W, Yue W, Bi J, Zhang L, Xu D, Peng C, Chen X, Wang S. Influence of climatic variables on maize grain yield and its components by adjusting the sowing date. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1411009. [PMID: 38993937 PMCID: PMC11236551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1411009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Yield and its components are greatly affected by climate change. Adjusting the sowing date is an effective way to alleviate adverse effects and adapt to climate change. Aiming to determine the optimal sowing date of summer maize and clarify the contribution of climatic variables to grain yield and its components, a consecutive 4-year field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2019 with four sowing dates at 10-day intervals from 5 June to 5 July. Analysis of historical meteorological data showed that more solar radiation (SR) was distributed from early June to mid-August, and the maximum temperature (Tmax) > 32°C appeared from early July to late August, which advanced and lasted longer in 1991-2020 relative to 1981-1990. Additionally, the precipitation was mainly distributed from early June to late July. The climate change in the growing season of summer maize resulted in optimal sowing dates ranging from 5 June to 15 June, with higher yields and yield stability, mainly because of the higher kernel number per ear and 1,000-grain weight. The average contribution of kernel number per ear to grain yield was 58.7%, higher than that of 1,000-grain weight (41.3%). Variance partitioning analysis showed that SR in 15 days pre-silking to 15 days post-silking (SS) and silking to harvest (SH) stages significantly contributed to grain yield by 63.1% and 86.4%. The extreme growing degree days (EDD) > 32°C, SR, precipitation, and diurnal temperature range (DTR) contributed 20.6%, 22.9%, 14.5%, and 42.0% to kernel number per ear in the SS stage, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that the early sowing dates could gain high yield and yield stability due to the higher SR in the growing season. Meanwhile, due to the decreasing trend in SR and increasing Tmax trend in this region, in the future, new maize varieties with high-temperature resistance, high light efficiency, shade tolerance, and medium-season traits need to be bred to adapt to climate change and increased grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Yue
- Agricultural Meteorological Center, Anhui Meteorological Service, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjian Bi
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Dafeng Xu
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shiji Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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Aslam A, Mahmood A, Ur-Rehman H, Li C, Liang X, Shao J, Negm S, Moustafa M, Aamer M, Hassan MU. Plant Adaptation to Flooding Stress under Changing Climate Conditions: Ongoing Breakthroughs and Future Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3824. [PMID: 38005721 PMCID: PMC10675391 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-induced variations in temperature and rainfall patterns are a serious threat across the globe. Flooding is the foremost challenge to agricultural productivity, and it is believed to become more intense under a changing climate. Flooding is a serious form of stress that significantly reduces crop yields, and future climatic anomalies are predicted to make the problem even worse in many areas of the world. To cope with the prevailing flooding stress, plants have developed different morphological and anatomical adaptations in their roots, aerenchyma cells, and leaves. Therefore, researchers are paying more attention to identifying developed and adopted molecular-based plant mechanisms with the objective of obtaining flooding-resistant cultivars. In this review, we discuss the various physiological, anatomical, and morphological adaptations (aerenchyma cells, ROL barriers (redial O2 loss), and adventitious roots) and the phytohormonal regulation in plants under flooding stress. This review comprises ongoing innovations and strategies to mitigate flooding stress, and it also provides new insights into how this knowledge can be used to improve productivity in the scenario of a rapidly changing climate and increasing flood intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Aslam
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Hafeez Ur-Rehman
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Cunwu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuewen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinhua Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
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Zhang W, Wang B, Zhang A, Zhou Q, Li Y, Li L, Ma S, Fan Y, Huang Z. Exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine enhances waterlogging and shading tolerance after anthesis by improving grain starch accumulation and grain filling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003920. [PMID: 36388481 PMCID: PMC9647130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, the area of wheat affected by continuous cloudy rainfall is increasing, with waterlogging becoming a major limiting factor of wheat yield. To alleviate the effect, spraying exogenous plant growth regulators is often used. In this study, two wheat cultivars, waterlogging-tolerant Yangmai 18 and waterlogging-sensitive Sumai 188, were selected for waterlogging and shading (WS) after anthesis for 7, 11, and 15 days respectively. Three concentrations of 6-benzylaminoadenine (6-BA) solution (15, 25, and 35 mg·L-1) were sprayed after WS treatment and water was sprayed as the control. Then, the effect of spraying 6-BA on photosynthetic characteristics, starch content, grain filling characteristics, and yield was explored under artificially stimulated continuous cloudy rainfall during anthesis. Compared with the control, the application of 6-BA caused a significant increase in grain plumpness throughout grain filling, as well as increases in the net photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (G s), and transpiration rate (T r), and a significant decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) of the flag leaves, all of which enhanced the photosynthetic capacity. The content of total starch, amylose, and amylopectin in the grains also increased significantly compared with the control. After WS for 15 days, the starch content increased by 3.81%-11.41% compared with the control. Spraying 6-BA also prolonged grain filling, increased the average grain filling rate, and significantly increased the 1000-grain weight and yield. The thousand-grain weight increased by 5.06%-43.28%, and wheat yield increased by 8.93%-64.27% after spraying 25 mg·L-1 of the 6-BA solution. These findings suggest that the application of 6-BA after WS stress could significantly improve the photosynthetic performance, which is propitious to the accumulation and transport of photosynthetic products after anthesis. Besides, spraying 6-BA can also increase the duration and rate of grain filling and starch accumulation content and improve grain weight, thereby alleviating the adverse effects of WS on wheat yield. Overall, spraying 25 mg·L-1 of the 6-BA solution had an optimal effect. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of cultivation techniques and measures aimed at alleviating damage caused by continuous rainfall during wheat anthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Anmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qirui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shangyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yonghui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenglai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Wang J, Wang D, Zhu M, Li F. Exogenous 6-Benzyladenine Improves Waterlogging Tolerance in Maize Seedlings by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Upregulating the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680376. [PMID: 34539688 PMCID: PMC8446516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) regulates plant growth and prevents the negative consequences of various forms of abiotic stress, including waterlogging in crop plants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous 6-BA on the growth, oxidative stress, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle system in the inbred SY-MY13 (waterlogging-resistant) and SY-XT1 (waterlogging-sensitive) seedlings of waxy corn in conditions of waterlogging stress. The results demonstrated that waterlogging stress causes chlorosis and necrosis in waxy corn leaves, inhibiting growth and leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces oxidative stress and, in turn, reduces membrane lipid peroxidation and the disruption of membrane homeostasis. This is specifically manifested in the increased concentrations of superoxide anion radicals ( O 2 - ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in addition to increased relative electrical conductivity (REC%) values. The SY-MY13 strain exhibited growth superior to that of SY-XT1 when waterlogged due to its excellent waterlogging resistance. Thus, exogenous 6-BA was found to be effective in enhancing the growth of plants stressed by waterlogging in terms of the weight of the shoots and roots, shoot height, and leaf area. In addition to this, exogenous 6-BA also reduced the accumulation of O 2 - , H2O2, and MDA, increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity, and enhanced ascorbic acid (AsA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration through the regulation of the efficiency of the AsA-GSH cycle system in maize plants. Hence, the application of exogenous 6-BA can alleviate waterlogging-induced damage and improve waterlogging tolerance in waxy corn via the activation of the AsA-GSH cycle system and the elimination of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daye Wang
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghai Li
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Lehmann J, Jørgensen ME, Fratz S, Müller HM, Kusch J, Scherzer S, Navarro-Retamal C, Mayer D, Böhm J, Konrad KR, Terpitz U, Dreyer I, Mueller TD, Sauer M, Hedrich R, Geiger D, Maierhofer T. Acidosis-induced activation of anion channel SLAH3 in the flooding-related stress response of Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3575-3585.e9. [PMID: 34233161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, gained the ability to sense and respond to biotic and abiotic stressors to survive severe changes in their environments. The change in our climate comes with extreme dry periods but also episodes of flooding. The latter stress condition causes anaerobiosis-triggered cytosolic acidosis and impairs plant function. The molecular mechanism that enables plant cells to sense acidity and convey this signal via membrane depolarization was previously unknown. Here, we show that acidosis-induced anion efflux from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots is dependent on the S-type anion channel AtSLAH3. Heterologous expression of SLAH3 in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the anion channel is directly activated by a small, physiological drop in cytosolic pH. Acidosis-triggered activation of SLAH3 is mediated by protonation of histidine 330 and 454. Super-resolution microscopy analysis showed that the increase in cellular proton concentration switches SLAH3 from an electrically silent channel dimer into its active monomeric form. Our results show that, upon acidification, protons directly switch SLAH3 to its open configuration, bypassing kinase-dependent activation. Moreover, under flooding conditions, the stress response of Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) plants was significantly higher compared to SLAH3 loss-of-function mutants. Our genetic evidence of SLAH3 pH sensor function may guide the development of crop varieties with improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lehmann
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany; Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter -Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Morten E Jørgensen
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fratz
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Heike M Müller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Jana Kusch
- University Hospital Jena, Institute of Physiologie II, Kollegiengasse 9, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Carlos Navarro-Retamal
- Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Dominik Mayer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Jennifer Böhm
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Ulrich Terpitz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter -Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Thomas D Mueller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter -Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
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Kaur K, Goyal K, Arora K, Kaur G. Genotypic variations in nitrate respiration along with potassium nitrate treatment - accountable for water logging tolerance in maize. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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