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Lin J, Matiwala N, Curry GE, Wilhelm SJ, Cassidy BM, Lowe ME, Xiao X. Characterization of novel PNLIP variants in congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency. Pancreatology 2023; 23:1036-1040. [PMID: 37926600 PMCID: PMC11034858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Studies of a rare homozygous missense mutation identified in two brothers diagnosed with congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency (CPLD) provided the first definitive evidence linking CPLD with missense mutations in the gene of PNLIP. Herein, we investigated the molecular basis for the loss-of-function in the three novel PNLIP variants (c.305G > A, p.(W102∗); c.562C > T, p.(R188C); and c.1257G > A, p.(W419∗)) associated with CPLD. METHODS We characterized three novel PNLIP variants in transfected cells by assessing their secretion, intracellular distribution, and markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. RESULTS All three variants had secretion defects. Notably, the p.R188C and p.W419∗ variants induced misfolding of PNLIP and accumulated as detergent-insoluble aggregates resulting in elevated BiP at both protein and mRNA levels indicating increased ER stress. CONCLUSIONS All three novel PNLIP variants cause a loss-of-function through impaired secretion. Additionally, the p.R188C and p.W419∗ variants may induce proteotoxicity through misfolding and potentially increase the risk for pancreatic acinar cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Neel Matiwala
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Grace E Curry
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven J Wilhelm
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brett M Cassidy
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xunjun Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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2
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Yu W, Zhang Y, Sang W. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic reveals metabolic pathway alteration in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) under copper exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109400. [PMID: 35753647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Copper is a trace element that necessary for plant growth in the soil. However, in recent years, due to human activities, the content of copper in soil exceeds the standard seriously, which is threatening the safety of soil animals, plants and even human beings. In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of 60 days long-term copper exposure on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) at 67.58 mg/kg, 168.96 mg/kg and 337.92 mg/kg concentration by using transcriptome and metabolomics. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of energy metabolism related genes (LDH, GYS, ATP6N, GAPDH, COX17), immune system related genes (E3.2.1.14) and detoxification related genes (UGT, CYP2U1, CYP1A1) were down-regulated, the expression of antioxidant system related genes (GCLC, HPGDS) were up-regulated in copper exposure experiment of earthworms. Similarly, metabolomics analysis revealed that the expression of energy metabolism related metabolites (Glucose-1-phosphate, Glucose-6-phosphate), TCA cycle related metabolites (fumaric acid, allantoic acid, malate, malic acid) were down-regulated, digestion and immune system related metabolites (Trehalose-6-phosphate) were up-regulated. Integrating transcriptome and metabolomics data, it was found that higher antioxidant capacity and accelerated TCA cycle metabolism may be an adaptive strategy for earthworms to adapt to long-term copper stress. Collectively, the results of this study will greatly contribute to incrementally understand the stress responses on copper exposure to earthworms and supply molecular level support for evaluating the environmental effects of copper on soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Weiguo Sang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Zhu G, Fang Q, Zhu F, Huang D, Yang C. Structure and Function of Pancreatic Lipase-Related Protein 2 and Its Relationship With Pathological States. Front Genet 2021; 12:693538. [PMID: 34290745 PMCID: PMC8287333 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.693538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase is critical for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. The most abundant lipolytic enzymes secreted by the pancreas are pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL or PNLIP) and its family members, pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 (PNLIPRP1or PLRP1) and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PNLIPRP2 or PLRP2). Unlike the family’s other members, PNLIPRP2 plays an elemental role in lipid digestion, especially for newborns. Therefore, if genetic factors cause gene mutation, or other factors lead to non-expression, it may have an effect on fat digestion and absorption, on the susceptibility to pancreas and intestinal pathogens. In this review, we will summarize what is known about the structure and function of PNLIPRP2 and the levels of PNLIPRP2 and associated various pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengshang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Zhong W, Edfors F, Gummesson A, Bergström G, Fagerberg L, Uhlén M. Next generation plasma proteome profiling to monitor health and disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2493. [PMID: 33941778 PMCID: PMC8093230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for precision medicine approaches to monitor health and disease makes it important to develop sensitive and accurate assays for proteome profiles in blood. Here, we describe an approach for plasma profiling based on proximity extension assay combined with next generation sequencing. First, we analyze the variability of plasma profiles between and within healthy individuals in a longitudinal wellness study, including the influence of genetic variations on plasma levels. Second, we follow patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before and during therapeutic intervention using plasma proteome profiling. The studies show that healthy individuals have a unique and stable proteome profile and indicate that a panel of proteins could potentially be used for early diagnosis of diabetes, including stratification of patients with regards to response to metformin treatment. Although validation in larger cohorts is needed, the analysis demonstrates the usefulness of comprehensive plasma profiling for precision medicine efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edfors
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Gummesson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linn Fagerberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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de Oliveira C, Khatua B, Noel P, Kostenko S, Bag A, Balakrishnan B, Patel KS, Guerra AA, Martinez MN, Trivedi S, McCullough A, Lam-Himlin DM, Navina S, Faigel DO, Fukami N, Pannala R, Phillips AE, Papachristou GI, Kershaw EE, Lowe ME, Singh VP. Pancreatic triglyceride lipase mediates lipotoxic systemic inflammation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1931-1947. [PMID: 31917686 DOI: 10.1172/jci132767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue plays a critical role in numerous diseases. Although imaging studies often show adipose involvement in abdominal diseases, their outcomes may vary from being a mild self-limited illness to one with systemic inflammation and organ failure. We therefore compared the pattern of visceral adipose injury during acute pancreatitis and acute diverticulitis to determine its role in organ failure. Acute pancreatitis-associated adipose tissue had ongoing lipolysis in the absence of adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Pancreatic lipase injected into mouse visceral adipose tissue hydrolyzed adipose triglyceride and generated excess nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), which caused organ failure in the absence of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PNLIP) increased in adipose tissue during pancreatitis and entered adipocytes by multiple mechanisms, hydrolyzing adipose triglyceride and generating excess NEFAs. During pancreatitis, obese PNLIP-knockout mice, unlike obese adipocyte-specific ATGL knockouts, had lower visceral adipose tissue lipolysis, milder inflammation, less severe organ failure, and improved survival. PNLIP-knockout mice, unlike ATGL knockouts, were protected from adipocyte-induced pancreatic acinar injury without affecting NEFA signaling or acute pancreatitis induction. Therefore, during pancreatitis, unlike diverticulitis, PNLIP leaking into visceral adipose tissue can cause excessive visceral adipose tissue lipolysis independently of adipocyte-autonomous ATGL, and thereby worsen organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ann McCullough
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Dora M Lam-Himlin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Evans Phillips
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Erin E Kershaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Xia C, Zhang X, Cao T, Wang J, Li C, Yue L, Niu K, Shen Y, Ma G, Chen F. Hepatic Transcriptome Analysis Revealing the Molecular Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:565858. [PMID: 33329383 PMCID: PMC7732450 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.565858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 9% of the adult population in the world (463 million) suffer from diabetes mellitus. Most of them (~90%) belong to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is a common chronic metabolic disorder, and the number of cases has been reported to increase each year. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat provides a successful animal model to study the pathogenesis of T2DM. Although previous hepatic transcriptome studies revealed some novel genes associated with the occurrence and development of T2DM, there still lacks the comprehensive transcriptomic analysis for the liver tissues of ZDF rats. We performed comparative transcriptome analyses between the liver tissues of ZDF rats and healthy ZCL rats and also evaluated several clinical indices. We could identify 214 and 104 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs in ZDF rats, respectively. Pathway and biofunction analyses showed a synergistic effect between mRNAs and lncRNAs. By comprehensively analyzing transcriptomic data and clinical indices, we detected some typical features of T2DM in ZDF rats, such as upregulated metabolism (significant increased lipid absorption/transport/utilization, gluconeogenesis, and protein hydrolysis), increased inflammation, liver injury and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, of the 214 DEGs, 114 were known and 100 were putative T2DM-related genes, most of which have been associated with substance metabolism (particularly degradation), inflammation, liver injury and ER stress biofunctions. Our study provides an important reference and improves understanding of molecular pathogenesis of obesity-associated T2DM. Our data can also be used to identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, which should strengthen the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Xia
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Cao
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannong Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Yue
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Shen
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guannan Ma
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Khatua B, Trivedi RN, Noel P, Patel K, Singh R, de Oliveira C, Trivedi S, Mishra V, Lowe M, Singh VP. Carboxyl Ester Lipase May Not Mediate Lipotoxic Injury during Severe Acute Pancreatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1226-1240. [PMID: 30954473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute lipolysis of visceral fat or circulating triglycerides may worsen acute pancreatitis (AP)-associated local and systemic injury. The pancreas expresses pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PNLIP), pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PNLIPRP2), and carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), which may leak into the visceral fat or systemic circulation during pancreatitis. We, thus, aimed to determine the pancreatic lipase(s) regulating lipotoxicity during AP. For this AP, associated fat necrosis was analyzed using Western blot analysis. Bile acid (using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) and fatty acid (using gas chromatography) concentrations were measured in human fat necrosis. The fat necrosis milieu was simulated in vitro using glyceryl trilinoleate because linoleic acid is increased in fat necrosis. Bile acid requirements to effectively hydrolyze glyceryl trilinoleate were studied using exogenous or overexpressed lipases. The renal cell line (HEK 293) was used to study lipotoxic injury. Because dual pancreatic lipase knockouts are lethal, exocrine parotid acini lacking lipases were used to verify the results. PNLIP, PNLIPRP2, and CEL were increased in fat necrosis. Although PNLIP and PNLIPRP2 were equipotent in inducing lipolysis and lipotoxic injury, CEL required bile acid concentrations higher than in human fat necrosis. The high bile acid requirements for effective lipolysis make CEL an unlikely mediator of lipotoxic injury in AP. It remains to be explored whether PNLIP or PNLIPRP2 worsens AP severity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram N Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Pawan Noel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Krutika Patel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Vivek Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Mark Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.
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