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de Gusmão MBF, de Oliveira VV, Santos NMDS, Melo LC. Assessing bone mineral density in children and adolescents living with HIV and on treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a systematic review. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2023; 42:e2023042. [PMID: 37971172 PMCID: PMC10637732 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2024/42/2023042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in children and adolescents infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. DATA SOURCE The search procedure was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. The search was carried out until April 2022 in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Embase, Cochrane Central, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Web of Science, Scopus, and MedRxiv. The combination of terms used was: (Children OR Youth OR Teenagers) AND HIV AND (Tenofovir OR "Antiretroviral therapy") AND ("Bone density" OR Osteoporosis OR Osteopenia). The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42022312851). DATA SYNTHESIS The initial searches resulted in 1156 papers. After the exclusion of duplicate studies, three blinded reviewers analyzed the title and abstract of 563 papers, of which 57 remained to be read in full. Only nine papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in descriptive and risk-of-bias analyses. Regarding study design, four were cross-sectional, three were longitudinal before-after studies without a control group, and two were prospective cohorts. Among these nine papers, seven showed no significant association between tenofovir disoproxil fumarate use and reduced bone mass in young people. However, these papers did not have high methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS Although most of the selected papers found no harmful effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on bone mass, further primary research with higher methodological quality is needed so robust scientific evidences can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciana Costa Melo
- Universidade Federal de AlagoasMaceióALBrasilUniversidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil.
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Sudjaritruk T, Kanjanavanit S, Chaito T, Sricharoen N, Prasarakee C, Sarachai S, Puthanakit T. A Three-Year Follow-Up of Bone Density Among Thai Adolescents With Perinatally Acquired HIV After Completion of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:262-270. [PMID: 37294251 PMCID: PMC10523922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism-related biomarkers among Thai adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIVA) at 3 years following completion of vitamin D and calcium (VitD/Cal) supplementation. METHODS An observational follow-up study was conducted among PHIVA who received 48-week VitD/Cal supplementation (either high-dose [3,200 IU/1,200 mg daily] or standard-dose [400 IU/1,200 mg daily]). Lumbar spine BMD (LSBMD) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone, and bone turnover markers were measured. Changes in LSBMD z-scores and other bone parameters at 3 years after stopping VitD/Cal supplementation compared with baseline or week 48 of supplementation were assessed among participants previously receiving high-dose and standard-dose VitD/Cal supplementation. RESULTS Of 114 enrolled PHIVA, 46% and 54% had previously received high-dose and standard-dose VitD/Cal supplementation, respectively. The median age was 20 years; 53% were male. At 3 years after completion of VitD/Cal supplementation, we observed a significant decline in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increase in intact parathyroid hormone but no significant rebounds of C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type I and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptides and no significant changes in LSBMD z-scores among PHIVA in both treatment groups, compared with the measurements at week 48 of supplementation. Notably, LSBMD z-scores at 3 years after stopping VitD/Cal supplements were not significantly altered from baseline evaluations in both PHIVA groups. DISCUSSION Three years after completion of high-dose or standard-dose VitD/Cal supplementation, LSBMD z-scores of our Thai PHIVA were not significantly changed from baseline and week 48 of supplementation. VitD/Cal supplementation of PHIVA during periods of peak bone mass accrual may have sustained and long-term skeletal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavitiya Sudjaritruk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | | | - Tanachot Chaito
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthanidnan Sricharoen
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanidapa Prasarakee
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saowalak Sarachai
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nguyen HS, Van Tran K, Chen SY, Tam KW. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of the Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Children and Young Adults with HIV Infection. J Nutr 2023; 153:138-147. [PMID: 36913447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and young adults with HIV infection may exhibit vitamin D deficiency, which is harmful to bone health as well as the endocrine and immune systems. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on children and young adults with HIV infection. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation (ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol) at any dose or for any duration in children and young adults with HIV infection, aged 0-25 y, were included. A random-effects model was used, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were calculated. RESULTS Ten trials, with 21 publications and 966 participants (mean age: 17.9 y), were included in the meta-analysis. The supplementation dose and the duration of the studies included ranged from 400 to 7000 IU/d and from 6 to 24 mo, respectively. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a significantly higher serum 25(OH)D concentration at 12 mo (SMD: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.65; P < 0.00001) compared with a placebo. No significant difference was observed in spine BMD (SMD: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.47, 0.3; P = 0.65) at 12 mo between these 2 groups. However, participants who received higher doses (1600-4000 IU/d) had significantly higher total BMD (SMD: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.44; P = 0.03) and nonsignificantly higher spine BMD (SMD: 0.3; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.61; P = 0.07) at 12 mo compared with those who received standard doses (400-800 IU/d). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation in children and young adults with HIV infection increases the serum 25(OH)D concentration. A relatively high daily dose of vitamin D (1600-4000 IU) improves total BMD at 12 mo and results in sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Song Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Infectious Disease Department, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Khoi Van Tran
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Wai Tam
- Center for Evidence-based Health Care, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Ferrillo M, Lippi L, Giudice A, Calafiore D, Paolucci T, Renò F, Migliario M, Fortunato L, Invernizzi M, de Sire A. Temporomandibular Disorders and Vitamin D Deficiency: What Is the Linkage between These Conditions? A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216231. [PMID: 36362456 PMCID: PMC9655046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a growing body of literature has been emphasizing the role of vitamin D in oral health, there is still a gap of knowledge regarding the correlation between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and vitamin D. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the linkage between hypovitaminosis D and TMDs to map the current literature in this field. On 10 September 2022, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from the date of their inception to identify the studies that had assessed patients with TMDs. The primary outcome assessed in this review was the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and TMDs. Out of the 329 studies identified, 13 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the present work. Seven studies assessed the relationship between vitamin D and TMDs, reporting that vitamin D serum levels are lower in patients with TMDs. Our results suggested that vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms might have a role in TMDs’ development. However, the quality assessed underlined that only one study did not present a serious risk of bias. Further good-quality studies are needed to clarify the linkage between vitamin D deficiency and TMDs, but the evidence currently available has suggested potential correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ferrillo
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lippi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dario Calafiore
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantova, Italy
| | - Teresa Paolucci
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University G. D’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Filippo Renò
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Migliario
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Leonzio Fortunato
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390961712418
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Health and Bone-related Parameters in HIV-infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Ther 2022; 44:e11-25.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effect of HIV infection on growth and bone density in peripubertal children in the era of antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2021; 5:569-581. [PMID: 34139202 PMCID: PMC8295041 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Faltered linear growth and pubertal delay, which are both common in children with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, might affect adolescent bone accrual and future fragility fracture risk. We investigated the association of HIV with bone density adjusted for skeletal size in peripubertal children in Zimbabwe. Methods We did a cross-sectional study of baseline data from the IMVASK cohort, which enrolled children aged 8–16 years with HIV who had been taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 2 years, and children of the same age without HIV. Children with HIV were recruited from public sector HIV clinics at Parirenyatwa General Hospital and Harare Central Hospital (Harare, Zimbabwe), and children without HIV were recruited from six schools in the same suburbs that the hospitals serve. Sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the bone outcomes of total-body less-head bone mineral content for lean mass adjusted for height (TBLH-BMCLBM), and lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD), and we assessed the prevalence of low TBLH-BMCLBM and low LS-BMAD (defined by Z-scores of less than −2·0). Size adjustment techniques were used to overcome the size dependence of DXA measurement. We used linear regression models, with multiple imputation for missing data, to assess relationships between risk factors and TBLH-BMCLBM and LS-BMAD Z-scores in children with and without HIV. Findings We recruited 303 children with HIV (mean age 12·4 years [SD 2·5]; 151 [50%] girls) and 306 children without HIV (mean age 12·5 years [SD 2·5]; 155 [51%] girls). In children with HIV, median age of HIV diagnosis was 3·0 years (IQR 1·2–5·8), and median ART duration was 8·1 years (6·2–9·5); for 102 (34%) children, ART included tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Children with HIV had a higher prevalence of low TBLH-BMCLBM Z-score than children without HIV (29 [10%] of 279 children with available data vs 18 [6%] of 292 with available data; p=0·066) and a higher prevalence of low LS-BMAD Z-score (40 [14%] of 279 vs 17 [6%] of 293 with available data; p=0·0007). HIV and male sex were associated with earlier pubertal (Tanner) stage. The negative associations between HIV and Z-scores for TBLH-BMCLBM and LS-BMAD were more pronounced with pubertal maturation, particularly in girls. Among children with HIV, TDF exposure and orphanhood were associated with lower TBLH-BMCLBM Z-score in confounder-adjusted analysis. Current TDF use (vs non-TDF-based ART) was associated with a reduction in TBLH-BMCLBM Z-score of 0·41 (95% CI 0·08–0·74; p=0·015) and in LS-BMAD Z-score of 0·31 (0·08–0·69; p=0·12). Interpretation Despite ART, HIV is associated with substantial skeletal deficits towards the end of puberty. The extent of bone deficits associated with TDF and its widespread use in children in sub-Saharan Africa are a concern for future adult fracture risk. Funding Wellcome Trust.
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Sudjaritruk T, Bunupuradah T, Aurpibul L, Kanjanavanit S, Chotecharoentanan T, Sricharoen N, Ounchanum P, Suntarattiwong P, Pornpaisalsakul K, Puthanakit T. Impact of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on bone mineral density and bone metabolism among Thai adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:1555-1564. [PMID: 34125899 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact of vitamin D and calcium supplementation(VitD/Ca) on lumbar spine bone mineral density(LSBMD) and bone metabolism among Thai adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV(PHIVA). METHODS A multicenter, randomized, active-control, open-labeled trial was conducted. PHIVA(aged10-20years) who were on stable cART were enrolled. Baseline LSBMD status was defined as low(z-score≤-2) and normal(z-score>-2). Eligible PHIVA were randomly assigned to receive standard-dose VitD/Ca (400IU/1,200mg daily), or high-dose VitD/Ca supplementation (400IU/1,200mg daily plus ergocalciferol 20,000IU weekly) for 48 weeks (ratio 1:1,stratified by baseline LSBMD). Study outcomes were the changes in LSBMD, LSBMD z-scores, and bone metabolism-related biomarkers (25-hydoxyvitamin D[25OHD], intact parathyroid hormone[iPTH], C-terminal telopeptide[CTX], procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide[PINP]) from baseline to week48. RESULTS Among 200 enrolled PHIVA, a median age was 16 (IQR:14-18)years; 61% were on NNRTI-based cART. The median 25OHD level was 25.5 (IQR:20.8-33.0)ng/ml. After a 48-week VitD/Ca supplementation, LSBMD significantly increased in both treatment groups (high-dose,median:+0.07g/cm 2,IQR:+0.04 to +0.11g/cm 2,P<0.001; standard-dose,median:+0.09g/cm 2, IQR:+0.03 to +0.13g/cm 2,P<0.001). Notably, the change in LSBMD z-scores was significantly greater in high-dose versus standard-dose groups (median:+0.4,IQR:-0.1 to +0.9 versus median:+0.1,IQR:-0.4 to +0.7;P=0.02). The levels of 25OHD increased, whereas iPTH, CTX, and PINP declined significantly in both groups(P<0.05); but no between-group differences were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Over the 48-week VitD/Ca supplementation, significant increase in LSBMD, and significant decreases in bone metabolism-related markers were observed among our Thai PHIVA in both treatment groups. The improvement in LSBMD z-score was more enhanced with high-dose VitD/Ca supplementation compared with standard-dose. High-dose VitD/Ca supplementation might be considered to promote bone health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavitiya Sudjaritruk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Torsak Bunupuradah
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Linda Aurpibul
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Natthanidnan Sricharoen
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Krittaporn Pornpaisalsakul
- Centre of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Centre of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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da Silva AB, do Carmo TS, Souza AP, Silva MR, Fernandes MS, Souza VO, Barros WM. The role of serum levels of vitamin D in children's muscle strength: A systematic review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e3200. [PMID: 34550211 PMCID: PMC8420842 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to investigate the different levels of vitamin D and its role in muscle strength in healthy children and non-athletes. A search conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Psycinfo) resulted in 655 articles, which were systematically analyzed and selected based on the following criteria: (a) original cross-sectional studies and clinical trials; (b) healthy children aged 5-11 years; (c) no language restriction or year of publication; and (d) studies that assessed the possible relationship between vitamin D levels and muscle strength. Six studies were included because they met all the inclusion criteria. According to the findings of this review, factors such as sex, skin color, and vitamin D supplementation early in life modulate the levels of vitamin D in the body, and there is a relationship between muscle strength and vitamin D levels. Interestingly, vitamin D supplementation is not always significantly associated with increased muscle grip strength. However, there is a scarcity of studies that aim to analyze the possible effects of different levels of vitamin D on muscle function and neuromuscular variables in physically inactive children and non-athletes without previously diagnosed disease. Further studies are warranted in the future to address the gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B.J. da Silva
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Taciane S. do Carmo
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
| | - Ana P.S. Souza
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
| | - Mariluce R.M. Silva
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
| | - Matheus S.S. Fernandes
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
| | - Viviane O.N. Souza
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Academico Vitoria, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
| | - Waleska M.A. Barros
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
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