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Shi Q, Shen X, Long C, Mi Z, Li Y, Ma R. Zinc supplement reduces allergic responses through modulating the p38 MAPK pathway activation in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127094. [PMID: 36265320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by a variety of inflammatory mediators. Zinc (Zn) is one of the main essential trace elements in the human body and plays a variety of biological functions including the inhibition of inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of Zn on the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. METHOD In this study, we established a model of AR by treating mice with OVA after feeding them with different doses of Zn. ELISA, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the protein expression and mRNA transcription level of IgE, inflammatory cytokines and p38, respectively. RESULTS The authors identified that immunoglobulin E concentrations were significantly higher in the Zn-deficient mice than in the Zn-normal group; Zn supplementation significantly reversed the increase in IgE concentrations caused by Zn deficiency. The increased concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum caused by Zn deficiency were reduced by Zn supplementation. The study further found that Zn deficiency could significantly increase the expression and activity of the p38 MAPK protein, while its levels were significantly decreased after Zn supplementation. The role of Zn supplement in the inflammatory response induced by Zn deficiency was verified by Zn-deficient mice with a p38 pathway inhibitor (SB203580), and it was observed that the elevated concentrations of IgE and inflammatory cytokines induced by Zn deficiency could be significantly reversed. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that Zn exerted anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the p38 MAPK activation in the AR mouse model. The findings provided evidence that Zn might be beneficial in regulating AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyou Shi
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Maternal and child Health Care Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Xueliang Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan First People's Hospital, Ningxia, China
| | - Chao Long
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhipeng Mi
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan First People's Hospital, Ningxia, China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan First People's Hospital, Ningxia, China.
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The Role of TGFβ and Other Cytokines in Regulating Mast Cell Functions in Allergic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810864. [PMID: 36142776 PMCID: PMC9503477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are a key effector cell in multiple types of immune responses, including atopic conditions. Allergic diseases have been steadily rising across the globe, creating a growing public health problem. IgE-mediated activation of MCs leads to the release of potent mediators that can have dire clinical consequences. Current therapeutic options to inhibit MC activation and degranulation are limited; thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate MC effector functions in allergic inflammation are necessary in order to develop effective treatment options with minimal side effects. Several cytokines have been identified that play multifaceted roles in regulating MC activation, including TGFβ, IL-10, and IL-33, and others that appear to serve primarily anti-inflammatory functions, including IL-35 and IL-37. Here, we review the literature examining cytokines that regulate MC-mediated allergic immune responses.
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Saha SS, Samanas NB, Miralda I, Shubin NJ, Niino K, Bhise G, Acharya M, Seo AJ, Camp N, Deutsch GH, James RG, Piliponsky AM. Mast cell surfaceome characterization reveals CD98 heavy chain is critical for optimal cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:685-697. [PMID: 34324892 PMCID: PMC8792104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are involved in many distinct pathologic conditions, suggesting that they recognize and respond to various stimuli and thus require a rich repertoire of cell surface proteins. However, mast cell surface proteomes have not been comprehensively characterized. OBJECTIVE We aimed to further characterize the mast cell surface proteome to obtain a better understanding of how mast cells function in health and disease. METHODS We enriched for glycosylated surface proteins expressed in mouse bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) and identified them using mass spectrometry analysis. The presence of novel surface proteins in mast cells was validated by real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry analysis in BMCMCs and peritoneal mast cells (PMCs). We developed a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing approach to disrupt genes of interest in BMCMCs. RESULTS The glycoprotein enrichment approach resulted in the identification of 1270 proteins in BMCMCs, 378 of which were localized to the plasma membrane. The most common protein classes among plasma membrane proteins were small GTPases, receptors, and transporters. One such cell surface protein was CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc), encoded by the Slc3a2 gene. Slc3a2 gene disruption resulted in a significant reduction in CD98hc expression, adhesion, and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Glycoprotein enrichment coupled with mass spectrometry can be used to identify novel surface molecules in mast cells. Moreover, CD98hc plays an important role in mast cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha S. Saha
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nyssa B. Samanas
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Irina Miralda
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Shubin
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kerri Niino
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gauri Bhise
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Manasa Acharya
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Albert J. Seo
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nathan Camp
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gail H. Deutsch
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard G. James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adrian M. Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America,Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America,Corresponding author: Adrian M. Piliponsky, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave, Room 721, , Phone number: 206-884-7226, Fax number: 206-987-7310
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Zhang Z, Kurashima Y. Two Sides of the Coin: Mast Cells as a Key Regulator of Allergy and Acute/Chronic Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071615. [PMID: 34203383 PMCID: PMC8308013 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that mast cells (MCs) initiate type I allergic reactions and inflammation in a quick response to the various stimulants, including—but not limited to—allergens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). MCs highly express receptors of these ligands and proteases (e.g., tryptase, chymase) and cytokines (TNF), and other granular components (e.g., histamine and serotonin) and aggravate the allergic reaction and inflammation. On the other hand, accumulated evidence has revealed that MCs also possess immune-regulatory functions, suppressing chronic inflammation and allergic reactions on some occasions. IL-2 and IL-10 released from MCs inhibit excessive immune responses. Recently, it has been revealed that allergen immunotherapy modulates the function of MCs from their allergic function to their regulatory function to suppress allergic reactions. This evidence suggests the possibility that manipulation of MCs functions will result in a novel approach to the treatment of various MCs-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Department of Pathology/Medicine, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0063, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-226-2848; Fax: +81-43-226-2183
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Kyritsi K, Kennedy L, Meadows V, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Pham L, Sybenga A, Kundu D, Cerritos K, Meng F, Alpini G, Francis H. Mast Cells Induce Ductular Reaction Mimicking Liver Injury in Mice Through Mast Cell-Derived Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Signaling. Hepatology 2021; 73:2397-2410. [PMID: 32761972 PMCID: PMC7864988 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Following liver injury, mast cells (MCs) migrate into the liver and are activated in patients with cholestasis. Inhibition of MC mediators decreases ductular reaction (DR) and liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) contributes to fibrosis and promotes liver disease. Our aim was to demonstrate that reintroduction of MCs induces cholestatic injury through TGF-β1. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type, KitW-sh (MC-deficient), and multidrug resistance transporter 2/ABC transporter B family member 2 knockout mice lacking l-histidine decarboxylase were injected with vehicle or PKH26-tagged murine MCs pretreated with 0.01% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor (TGF-βRi), LY2109761 (10 μM) 3 days before sacrifice. Hepatic damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and serum chemistry. Injected MCs were detected in liver, spleen, and lung by immunofluorescence (IF). DR was measured by cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) immunohistochemistry and F4/80 staining coupled with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-33, and F4/80; biliary senescence was evaluated by IF or qPCR for p16, p18, and p21. Fibrosis was evaluated by sirius red/fast green staining and IF for synaptophysin 9 (SYP-9), desmin, and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). TGF-β1 secretion/expression was measured by enzyme immunoassay and qPCR. Angiogenesis was detected by IF for von Willebrand factor and vascular endothelial growth factor C qPCR. In vitro, MC-TGF-β1 expression/secretion were measured after TGF-βRi treatment; conditioned medium was collected. Cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were treated with MC-conditioned medium, and biliary proliferation/senescence was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium and qPCR; HSC activation evaluated for α-SMA, SYP-9, and collagen type-1a expression. MC injection recapitulates cholestatic liver injury characterized by increased DR, fibrosis/TGF-β1 secretion, and angiogenesis. Injection of MC-TGF-βRi reversed these parameters. In vitro, MCs induce biliary proliferation/senescence and HSC activation that was reversed with MCs lacking TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that reintroduction of MCs mimics cholestatic liver injury and that MC-derived TGF-β1 may be a target in chronic cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Vik Meadows
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Texas A&M University-Central Texas
| | | | - Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | | | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Karla Cerritos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
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The diverse roles of myeloid derived suppressor cells in mucosal immunity. Cell Immunol 2021; 365:104361. [PMID: 33984533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system plays a vital role in protecting the host from the external environment. Its major challenge is to balance immune responses against harmful and harmless agents and serve as a 'homeostatic gate keeper'. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of undifferentiated cells that are characterized by an immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive phenotype. Herein we postulate that MDSCs may be involved in shaping immune responses related to mucosal immunity, due to their immunomodulatory and tissue remodeling functions. Until recently, MDSCs were investigated mainly in cancerous diseases, where they induce and contribute to an immunosuppressive and inflammatory environment that favors tumor development. However, it is now becoming clear that MDSCs participate in non-cancerous conditions such as chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, aging processes and immune tolerance to commensal microbiota at mucosal sites. Since MDSCs are found in the periphery only in small numbers under normal conditions, their role is highlighted during pathologies characterized by acute or chronic inflammation, when they accumulate and become activated. In this review, we describe several aspects of the current knowledge characterizing MDSCs and their involvement in the regulation of the mucosal epithelial barrier, their crosstalk with commensal microbiota and pathogenic microorganisms, and their complex interactions with a variety of surrounding regulatory and effector immune cells. Finally, we discuss the beneficial and harmful outcomes of the MDSC regulatory functions in diseases affecting mucosal tissues. We wish to illuminate the pivotal role of MDSCs in mucosal immunity, the limitations in our understanding of all the players and the intricate challenges stemming from the complex interactions of MDSCs with their environment.
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Lyons DO, Pullen NA. Beyond IgE: Alternative Mast Cell Activation Across Different Disease States. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041498. [PMID: 32098318 PMCID: PMC7073060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are often regarded through the lens of IgE-dependent reactions as a cell specialized only for anti-parasitic and type I hypersensitive responses. However, recently many researchers have begun to appreciate the expansive repertoire of stimuli that mast cells can respond to. After the characterization of the interleukin (IL)-33/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) axis of mast cell activation-a pathway that is independent of the adaptive immune system-researchers are revisiting other stimuli to induce mast cell activation and/or subsequent degranulation independent of IgE. This discovery also underscores that mast cells act as important mediators in maintaining body wide homeostasis, especially through barrier defense, and can thus be the source of disease as well. Particularly in the gut, inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, etc.) are characterized with enhanced mast cell activity in the context of autoimmune disease. Mast cells show phenotypic differences based on tissue residency, which could manifest as different receptor expression profiles, allowing for unique mast cell responses (both IgE and non-IgE mediated) across varying tissues as well. This variety in receptor expression suggests mast cells respond differently, such as in the gut where immunosuppressive IL-10 stimulates the development of food allergy or in the lungs where transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can enhance mast cell IL-6 production. Such differences in receptor expression illustrate the truly diverse effector capabilities of mast cells, and careful consideration must be given toward the phenotype of mast cells observed in vitro. Given mast cells' ubiquitous tissue presence and their capability to respond to a broad spectrum of non-IgE stimuli, it is expected that mast cells may also contribute to the progression of autoimmune disorders and other disease states such as metastatic cancer through promoting chronic inflammation in the local tissue microenvironment and ultimately polarizing toward a unique Th17 immune response. Furthermore, these interconnected, atypical activation pathways may crosstalk with IgE-mediated signaling differently across disorders such as parasitism, food allergies, and autoimmune disorders of the gut. In this review, we summarize recent research into familiar and novel pathways of mast cells activation and draw connections to clinical human disease.
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