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Zhu S, Tan Z, Guo Z, Zheng H, Zhang B, Qin Z, Xie J, Lin Y, Sheng B, Qiu G, Preis S, Wei C. Symbiotic virus-bacteria interactions in biological treatment of coking wastewater manipulating bacterial physiological activities. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121741. [PMID: 38744061 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Biological treatment is commonly used in coking wastewater (CWW) treatment. Prokaryotic microbial communities in CWW treatment have been comprehensively studied. However, viruses, as the critical microorganisms affecting microbial processes and thus engineering parameters, still remain poorly understood in CWW treatment context. Employing viromics sequencing, the composition and function of the viral community in CWW treatment were discovered, revealing novel viral communities and key auxiliary metabolic functions. Caudovirales appeared to be the predominant viral order in the oxic-hydrolytic-oxic (OHO) CWW treatment combination, showing relative abundances of 62.47 %, 56.64 % and 92.20 % in bioreactors O1, H and O2, respectively. At the family level, Myoviridae, Podoviridae and Siphoviridae mainly prevailed in bioreactors O1 and H while Phycodnaviridae dominated in O2. A total of 56.23-92.24% of novel viral contigs defied family-level characterization in this distinct CWW habitat. The virus-host prediction results revealed most viruses infecting the specific functional taxa Pseudomonas, Acidovorax and Thauera in the entire OHO combination, demonstrating the viruses affecting bacterial physiology and pollutants removal from CWW. Viral auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were screened, revealing their involvement in the metabolism of contaminants and toxicity tolerance. In the bioreactor O1, AMGs were enriched in detoxification and phosphorus ingestion, where glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) and beta-ketoadipyl CoA thiolase (fadA) participated in biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, respectively. In the bioreactors H and O2, the AMGs focused on cell division and epicyte formation of the hosts, where GDPmannose 4,6-dehydratase (gmd) related to lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis was considered to play an important role in the growth of nitrifiers. The diversities of viruses and AMGs decreased along the CWW treatment process, pointing to a reinforced virus-host adaptive strategy in stressful operation environments. In this study, the symbiotic virus-bacteria interaction patterns were proposed with a theoretical basis for promoting CWW biological treatment efficiency. The findings filled the gaps in the virus-bacteria interactions at the full-scale CWW treatment and provided great value for understanding the mechanism of biological toxicity and sludge activity in industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhijie Tan
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ziyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huijian Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Qin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Junting Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuexia Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Binbin Sheng
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Sergei Preis
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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2
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Gaspari M, Ghiotto G, Centurion VB, Kotsopoulos T, Santinello D, Campanaro S, Treu L, Kougias PG. Decoding Microbial Responses to Ammonia Shock Loads in Biogas Reactors through Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:591-602. [PMID: 38112274 PMCID: PMC10785759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of elevated ammonia levels is widely recognized as a significant contributor to process inhibition in biogas production, posing a common challenge for biogas plant operators. The present study employed a combination of biochemical, genome-centric metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data to investigate the response of the biogas microbiome to two shock loads induced by single pulses of elevated ammonia concentrations (i.e., 1.5 g NH4+/LR and 5 g NH4+/LR). The analysis revealed a microbial community of high complexity consisting of 364 Metagenome Assembled Genomes (MAGs). The hydrogenotrophic pathway was the primary route for methane production during the entire experiment, confirming its efficiency even at high ammonia concentrations. Additionally, metatranscriptomic analysis uncovered a metabolic shift in the methanogens Methanothrix sp. MA6 and Methanosarcina flavescens MX5, which switched their metabolism from the acetoclastic to the CO2 reduction route during the second shock. Furthermore, multiple genes associated with mechanisms for maintaining osmotic balance in the cell were upregulated, emphasizing the critical role of osmoprotection in the rapid response to the presence of ammonia. Finally, this study offers insights into the transcriptional response of an anaerobic digestion community, specifically focusing on the mechanisms involved in recovering from ammonia-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaspari
- Soil
and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation
Dimitra, Thermi, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
- Department
of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, School of
Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Gabriele Ghiotto
- Department
of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Kotsopoulos
- Department
of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, School of
Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | | | | | - Laura Treu
- Department
of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Panagiotis G. Kougias
- Soil
and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation
Dimitra, Thermi, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
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3
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Moreno-Paz M, dos Santos Severino RS, Sánchez-García L, Manchado JM, García-Villadangos M, Aguirre J, Fernández-Martínez MA, Carrizo D, Kobayashi L, Dave A, Warren-Rhodes K, Davila A, Stoker CR, Glass B, Parro V. Life Detection and Microbial Biomarker Profiling with Signs of Life Detector-Life Detector Chip During a Mars Drilling Simulation Campaign in the Hyperarid Core of the Atacama Desert. ASTROBIOLOGY 2023; 23:1259-1283. [PMID: 37930382 PMCID: PMC10825288 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The low organic matter content in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, together with abrupt temperature shifts and high ultraviolet radiation at its surface, makes this region one of the best terrestrial analogs of Mars and one of the best scenarios for testing instrumentation devoted to in situ planetary exploration. We have operated remotely and autonomously the SOLID-LDChip (Signs of Life Detector-Life Detector Chip), an antibody microarray-based sensor instrument, as part of a rover payload during the 2019 NASA Atacama Rover Astrobiology Drilling Studies (ARADS) Mars drilling simulation campaign. A robotic arm collected drilled cuttings down to 80 cm depth and loaded SOLID to process and assay them with LDChip for searching for molecular biomarkers. A remote science team received and analyzed telemetry data and LDChip results. The data revealed the presence of microbial markers from Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Cyanobacteria to be relatively more abundant in the middle layer (40-50 cm). In addition, the detection of several proteins from nitrogen metabolism indicates a pivotal role in the system. These findings were corroborated and complemented on "returned samples" to the lab by a comprehensive analysis that included DNA sequencing, metaproteomics, and a metabolic reconstruction of the sampled area. Altogether, the results describe a relatively complex microbial community with members capable of nitrogen fixation and denitrification, sulfur oxidation and reduction, or triggering oxidative stress responses, among other traits. This remote operation demonstrated the high maturity of SOLID-LDChip as a powerful tool for remote in situ life detection for future missions in the Solar System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Moreno-Paz
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Sofia dos Santos Severino
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Física y Matemáticas y de Automática, University of Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Manchado
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jacobo Aguirre
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Carrizo
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Kobayashi
- Space Science Division and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Arwen Dave
- Space Science Division and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Kim Warren-Rhodes
- Space Science Division and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, California, USA
| | - Alfonso Davila
- Space Science Division and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Carol R. Stoker
- Space Science Division and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Brian Glass
- Space Science Division and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Víctor Parro
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Shi YM, Crames JJ, Czech L, Bozhüyük KAJ, Shi YN, Hirschmann M, Lamberth S, Claus P, Paczia N, Rückert C, Kalinowski J, Bange G, Bode HB. Genome Mining Enabled by Biosynthetic Characterization Uncovers a Class of Benzoxazolinate-Containing Natural Products in Diverse Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206106. [PMID: 36198080 PMCID: PMC10098953 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazolinate is a rare bis-heterocyclic moiety that interacts with proteins and DNA and confers extraordinary bioactivities on natural products, such as C-1027. However, the biosynthetic gene responsible for the key cyclization step of benzoxazolinate remains unclear. Herein, we show a putative acyl AMP-ligase responsible for the last cyclization step. We used the enzyme as a probe for genome mining and discovered that the orphan benzobactin gene cluster in entomopathogenic bacteria prevails across Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. It turns out that Pseudomonas chlororaphis produces various benzobactins, whose biosynthesis is highlighted by a synergistic effect of two unclustered genes encoding enzymes on boosting benzobactin production; the formation of non-proteinogenic 2-hydroxymethylserine by a serine hydroxymethyltransferase; and the types I and II NRPS architecture for structural diversity. Our findings reveal the biosynthetic potential of a widespread benzobactin gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Shi
- Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan J Crames
- Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Czech
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) & Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kenan A J Bozhüyük
- Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yan-Ni Shi
- Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Merle Hirschmann
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lamberth
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Core Facility for Metabolomics and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Paczia
- Core Facility for Metabolomics and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Rückert
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gert Bange
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) & Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Helge B Bode
- Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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5
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Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen. Due to the indiscriminate use of macrolides, S. suis has developed a high level of drug resistance, which has led to a serious threat to human and animal health. However, it takes a long time to develop new antibacterial drugs. Therefore, we consider the perspective of bacterial physiological metabolism to ensure that the development of bacterial resistance to existing drugs is alleviated and bacterial susceptibility to drugs is restored. In the present study, an untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that the serine catabolic pathway was inhibited in drug-resistant S. suis. The addition of l-serine restored the fungicidal effect of macrolides on S. suisin vivo and in vitro by enhancing the serine metabolic pathway. Further studies showed that l-serine, stimulated by its serine catabolic pathway, inhibited intracellular H2S production, reduced Fe-S cluster production, and restored the normal occurrence of the Fenton reaction in cells. It also attenuated the production of glutathione, an important marker of the intracellular oxidation-reduction reaction. All these phenomena eventually contribute to an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species, which leads to intracellular DNA damage and bacterial death. Our study provides a potential new approach for the treatment of diseases caused by drug-resistant S. suis. IMPORTANCE The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge. However, new drug development efforts consume considerable resources and time, and alleviating the pressure on existing drugs is the focus of our work. We investigated the mechanism of action of l-serine supplementation in restoring the use of macrolides in S. suis, based on the role of the serine catabolic pathway on reactive oxygen species levels and oxidative stress in S. suis. This pathway provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of macrolides in clinical practice and also identifies a possible target for restoring drug sensitivity in S. suis.
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6
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Shamshad H, Bakri R, Mirza AZ. Dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, and serine hydroxy methyltransferase: successful targets against some infectious diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6659-6691. [PMID: 35253073 PMCID: PMC8898753 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases have a serious impact on the world in terms of health and economics and are responsible for worldwide mortality and morbidity. The present review features the hybrid targeting involving three main enzymes for the treatment of different parasitic diseases. The enzymes Dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, and Serine hydroxy methyltransferase play an essential role in the folate pathway. The present review focuses on these enzymes, which can be targeted against several diseases. It shed light on the past, present, and future of these targets, and it can be assessed that these targets can play a significant role against several infectious diseases. For combating viral and protozoal infectious diseases, these targets in combination should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Shamshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rowaida Bakri
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Hou Y, Wang Y. Molecular cloning, characterization, and homology modeling of serine hydroxymethyltransferase from psychrophilic bacterium Psychrobacter sp. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:984-994. [PMID: 35762735 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) plays a significant role in the synthesis of l-serine, purine, and thymidylate, which could be extensively applied in the treatment of cancers and the development of antibiotics. In this study, cloned from Psychrobacter sp. ANT206, a novel cold-adapted SHMT gene (psshmt, 1257 bp) encoding a protein of 418 amino acids was expressed in Escherichia coli. The homology modeling result revealed that PsSHMT owned fewer Proline (Pro) residues and hydrogen bonds compared with its homologs from mesophilic E. coli and thermophilic Geobacillus stearothermophilus. In addition, the molecular weight of the purified recombinant PsSHMT (rPsSHMT) was identified to be 45 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, approximately. The enzymatic characteristics of the cold-adapted rPsSHMT displayed that its optimum temperature and pH were 30°C and 7.5, respectively, and its enzymatic activity could be inhibited by Cu2+ , significantly. rPsSHMT also showed a high kcat value and low ΔG at low temperatures. Furthermore, arginine (Arg) could affect the activity of rPsSHMT and be vital to its active sites. The results of this study reflected that these characteristics of the cold-adapted rPsSHMT made it a remarkable candidate that could be utilized in multiple industrial fields under low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfu Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Hou
- Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yatong Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, People's Republic of China
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8
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Liu Z, Pan X, Wang C, Yun F, Huang D, Yao Y, Gao R, Ye F, Liu X, Liao W. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of serine hydroxymethyltransferase ( SHMT) gene family in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). PeerJ 2022; 10:e12943. [PMID: 35186505 PMCID: PMC8841039 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is one of the most important enzyme families in one-carbon metabolic pathway and photorespiration within plant cells. Recently studies reported the active roles of plant SHMTs in defending abiotic stresses. However, genome-scale analysis of SHMT in tomato is currently unknown. In this study, seven SHMT genes were identified in the tomato genome using a genome-wide search approach. In addition, their physicochemical properties, protein secondary structure, subcellular localization, gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic and collinear relationships were analyzed. Our results demonstrated that tomato SHMT members were divided into two group and four subgroups, and they were conserved with the orthologs of other plants. Analysis of cis-acting elements showed that each of the SlSHMT genes contained different kinds of hormones and stress-related cis-acting elements in their promoter regions. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that SlSHMTs were expressed at different levels in different tissues, and they responded to UV, cold, heat, NaCl, H2O2, ABA and PEG treatments. These results provided definite evidence that SlSHMTs might involve in growth, development and stress responses in tomato, which laid a foundation for future functional studies of SlSHMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Liu
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuejuan Pan
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fahong Yun
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dengjing Huang
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yandong Yao
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fujin Ye
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xingjuan Liu
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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