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Normantovich M, Amitzur A, Offri S, Pashkovsky E, Shnaider Y, Nizan S, Yogev O, Jacob A, Taylor CG, Desbiez C, Whitham SA, Bar-Ziv A, Perl-Treves R. The melon Fom-1-Prv resistance gene pair: Correlated spatial expression and interaction with a viral protein. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e565. [PMID: 38389929 PMCID: PMC10883720 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The head-to-head oriented pair of melon resistance genes, Fom-1 and Prv, control resistance to Fusarium oxysporum races 0 and 2 and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), respectively. They encode, via several RNA splice variants, TIR-NBS-LRR proteins, and Prv has a C-terminal extra domain with a second NBS homologous sequence. In other systems, paired R-proteins were shown to operate by "labor division," with one protein having an extra integrated domain that directly binds the pathogen's Avr factor, and the second protein executing the defense response. We report that the expression of the two genes in two pairs of near-isogenic lines was higher in the resistant isoline and inducible by F. oxysporum race 2 but not by PRSV. The intergenic DNA region separating the coding sequences of the two genes acted as a bi-directional promoter and drove GUS expression in transgenic melon roots and transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of both genes was strong in melon root tips, around the root vascular cylinder, and the phloem and xylem parenchyma of tobacco stems and petioles. The pattern of GUS expression suggests coordinated expression of the two genes. In agreement with the above model, Prv's extra domain was shown to interact with the cylindrical inclusion protein of PRSV both in yeast cells and in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Normantovich
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Arie Amitzur
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Sharon Offri
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Ekaterina Pashkovsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Yula Shnaider
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Shahar Nizan
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Ohad Yogev
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Avi Jacob
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | | | | | - Steven A Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
| | - Amalia Bar-Ziv
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Rafael Perl-Treves
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
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Villao-Uzho L, Chávez-Navarrete T, Pacheco-Coello R, Sánchez-Timm E, Santos-Ordóñez E. Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1226. [PMID: 37372407 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies to overcome diseases or abiotic stress in crops is the use of improved varieties. Genetic improvement could be accomplished through different methods, including conventional breeding, induced mutation, genetic transformation, or gene editing. The gene function and regulated expression through promoters are necessary for transgenic crops to improve specific traits. The variety of promoter sequences has increased in the generation of genetically modified crops because they could lead to the expression of the gene responsible for the improved trait in a specific manner. Therefore, the characterization of the promoter activity is necessary for the generation of biotechnological crops. That is why several analyses have focused on identifying and isolating promoters using techniques such as reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), genetic libraries, cloning, and sequencing. Promoter analysis involves the plant genetic transformation method, a potent tool for determining the promoter activity and function of genes in plants, contributing to understanding gene regulation and plant development. Furthermore, the study of promoters that play a fundamental role in gene regulation is highly relevant. The study of regulation and development in transgenic organisms has made it possible to understand the benefits of directing gene expression in a temporal, spatial, and even controlled manner, confirming the great diversity of promoters discovered and developed. Therefore, promoters are a crucial tool in biotechnological processes to ensure the correct expression of a gene. This review highlights various types of promoters and their functionality in the generation of genetically modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Villao-Uzho
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Tatiana Chávez-Navarrete
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo Pacheco-Coello
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Sánchez-Timm
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
- Faculty of Life Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Efrén Santos-Ordóñez
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
- Faculty of Life Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
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Liu Y, Ce F, Tang H, Tian G, Yang L, Qian W, Dong H. Genome-wide analysis of the serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins in Brassica napus L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:310-321. [PMID: 35932655 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The serine carboxypeptidase-like protein (SCPL) family plays a key part in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, the serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins in Brassica napus L. (B. napus) have not been reported yet. Here, we identified a total of 117 putative SCPL genes in B. napus, which were unevenly distributed on all 19 chromosomes and were divided into three groups (carboxypeptidase Ⅰ to Ⅲ) according to their phylogenetic relationships. Synteny and duplication analysis revealed that the SCPL gene family of B. napus was amplified during allopolyploidization, in which the whole genome triplication and dispersed duplication played critical roles. After the separation of Brassica and Arabidopsis lineages, orthologous gene analysis showed that many SCPL genes were lost during the evolutionary process in B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus. Subsequently, the analyses of the gene structure, conserved motifs, cis-element and expression patterns showed that the members in the same group were highly conserved. Furthermore, candidate gene based association study suggested the role of BnSCPL52 in controlling seed number per silique, seed weight and silique length and a CAPS marker was developed to distinguish different haplotypes. Our results provide an overview of rapeseed SCPL genes that enable us for further functional research and benefit the marker-assisted breeding in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fuquan Ce
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huan Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guifu Tian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hongli Dong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Kumari A, Dogra V, Joshi R, Kumar S. Stress-Responsive cis-Regulatory Elements Underline Podophyllotoxin Biosynthesis and Better Performance of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum Under Water Deficit Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:751846. [PMID: 35058943 PMCID: PMC8764236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an endangered medicinal herb known for its bioactive lignan podophyllotoxin (PTOX), which is used for the preparation of anticancer drugs. In its natural habitat, S. hexandrum is exposed to a multitude of adversities, such as fluctuating temperatures, water deficit, and high UV radiations. Transcriptional regulation of genes, which is regulated by the condition-specific binding of transcriptional factors to precise motifs in the promoter region, underlines responses to an environmental cue. Therefore, analysis of promoter sequences could ascertain the spatio-temporal expression of genes and overall stress responses. Unavailability of genomic information does not permit such analysis in S. hexandrum, especially on regulation of PTOX pathway. Accordingly, this study describes isolation and in silico analysis of 5'-upstream regions of ShPLR (PINORESINOL-LARICIRESINOL REDUCTASE) and ShSLD (SECOISOLARICIRESINOL DEHYDROGENASE), the two key genes of the PTOX biosynthetic pathway. Data showed a range of motifs related to basal transcription, stress-responsive elements, such as those for drought, low temperature, and light, suggesting that the expression of these genes and resulting PTOX accumulation would be affected by, at least, these environmental cues. While the impact of temperature and light on PTOX accumulation is well studied, the effect of water deficit on the physiology of S. hexandrum and PTOX accumulation remains obscure. Given the presence of drought-responsive elements in the promoters of the key genes, the impact of water deficit on growth and development and PTOX accumulation was studied. The results showed decline in relative water content and net photosynthetic rate, and increase in relative electrolyte leakage with stress progression. Plants under stress exhibited a reduction in transpiration rate and chlorophyll content, with a gradual increase in osmoprotectant content. Besides, stressed plants showed an increase in the expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway and PTOX biosynthesis, and an increase in PTOX accumulation. Upon re-watering, non-irrigated plants showed a significant improvement in biochemical and physiological parameters. Summarily, our results demonstrated the importance of osmoprotectants during water deficit and the revival capacity of the species from water deficit, wherein PTOX synthesis was also modulated. Moreover, isolated promoter sequences could be employed in genetic transformation to mediate the expression of stress-induced genes in other plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Divya K, Palakolanu SR, Kavi Kishor P, Rajesh AS, Vadez V, Sharma KK, Mathur PB. Functional characterization of late embryogenesis abundant genes and promoters in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) for abiotic stress tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1616-1628. [PMID: 34455597 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes display distinct functions in response to abiotic stresses in plants. In pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), a total of 21 PgLEA genes were identified and classified into six groups including LEA1, LEA2, LEA3, LEA5, LEA7, and dehydrins (DHN). Open reading frames (ORFs) of PgLEAs range from 291 bp (PgLEA1-1) to 945 bp (PgLEA2-11) and distributed randomly among the seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all PgLEA proteins are closely related to sorghum LEA proteins. The PgLEAs were found to be expressed differentially under high progressive vapor pressure deficit (VPD), PgLEA7 was significantly expressed under high VPD and was selected for functional validation. In silico analysis of the PgLEA promoter regions revealed abiotic stress-specific cis-acting elements such as ABRE, CCAAT, MYBS, and LTRE. Based on the type of motifs, PgLEAPC promoter (758 bp), its deletion 1 (PgLpd1, 349 bp) and deletion 2 (PgLpd2, 125 bp) were cloned into the plant expression vector pMDC164 having the promoter-less uidA gene. All the three plant expression vectors were introduced into tobacco through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to obtain T1 and T2 generations of transgenic plants. Based on expression of the uidA gene, tissue-specific expression was observed in mature stems, roots and seedlings of PgLEAPC and PgLpd1 carrying transgenics only. While the transgenic PgLEAPC plants displayed significantly higher uidA expression in the stem and root tissues under salt, drought, heat, and cold stresses, very low or no expression was observed in PgLpd1 and PgLpd2 transgenics under the tested stress conditions. The results of this study indicate that the complete promoter of PgLEAPC plays a role in developing abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kummari Divya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Polavarapu Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aishwarya Shankhapal Rajesh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kiran K Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Yang Z, Zheng J, Zhou H, Chen S, Gao Z, Yang Y, Li X, Liao H. The soybean β-expansin gene GmINS1 contributes to nodule development in response to phosphate starvation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:2034-2047. [PMID: 33887063 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Legume biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the most important N source in agricultural ecosystems. Nodule organogenesis from the primordia to the development of mature nodules with the ability to fix N2 largely determines BNF capacity. However, nodule growth is often limited by low phosphorus (P) availability, while the mechanisms underlying nodule development responses to P deficiency remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that nodule enlargement is severely inhibited by P deficiency, as reflected by the smaller individual nodule size from a soybean core collection in the field. Wide-ranging natural diversity in nodule size was further identified in soybeans reared in low P soils, with the FC-1 genotype outperforming FC-2 in assessments of nodulation under low P conditions. Among β-expansin members, GmINS1 expression is most abundantly enhanced by P deficiency in FC-1 nodules, and its transcript level is further displayed to be tightly associated with nodule enlargement. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms discovered in the GmINS1 promoter distinguished the FC-1 and FC-2 genotypes and accounted for the differential expression levels of GmINS1 responses to P deficiency. GmINS1 overexpression led to increases in nodule size, infected cell abundance, and N2 fixation capacity and subsequently promoted increases in N and P content, soybean biomass, and yield. Our findings provide a candidate gene for optimizing BNF capacity responses to low P stress in soybean molecular breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yang
- Root Biology Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiakun Zheng
- Root Biology Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zhou
- Root Biology Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Root Biology Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi Gao
- Root Biology Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- Root Biology Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Root Biology Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Dave A, Sanadhya P, Joshi PS, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Molecular cloning and characterization of high-affinity potassium transporter (AlHKT2;1) gene promoter from halophyte Aeluropus lagopoides. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1254-1264. [PMID: 33989688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HKT subfamily II functions as Na+- K+ co-transporter and prevents plants from salinity stress. A 760 bp promoter region of AlHKT2;1 was isolated, sequenced and cloned. The full length promoter D1, has many cis-regulatory elements like MYB, MBS, W box, ABRE etc. involved in abiotic stress responses. D1 and subsequent 5' deletions were cloned into pCAMBIA1301 and studied for its efficacy in stress conditions in heterologous system. Blue colour staining was observed in flower petals, anther lobe, and dehiscence slit of anther in T0 plants. The T1 seedlings showed staining in leaf veins, shoot vasculature and root except root tip. T1 seedlings were subjected to NaCl, KCl, NaCl + KCl and ABA stresses. GUS activity was quantified by 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide (4-MUG) assay under control and stress conditions. The smallest deletion- D4 also showed GUS expression but highest activity was observed in D2 as compared to full length promoter and other deletions. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay using stress-induced protein with different promoter deletions revealed more prominent binding in D2. These results suggest that AlHKT2;1 promoter is involved in abiotic stress response and deletion D2 might be sufficient to drive the stress-inducible expression of various genes involved in providing stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dave
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Payal Sanadhya
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka S Joshi
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Joshi GAN, Chauhan C, Das S. Sequence and functional analysis of MIR319 promoter homologs from Brassica juncea reveals regulatory diversification and altered expression under stress. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:731-749. [PMID: 33797588 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Extensive regulatory divergence during development, abiotic stress and ABA regime observed amongst promoter homologs and homeologs of MIR319 from Brassica juncea. Gene duplication followed by sub-functionalization, neo-functionalization, and pseudogenization are routes to functional and adaptive diversification. The influence of polyploidy on protein-coding genes is well investigated but little is known about their impact on transcriptional regulation of MIRNA gene family. The present study was therefore performed with an aim to uncover regulatory diversification of MIR319 homologs and homeologs in Brassica juncea. We employed comparative genomics to identify and isolate six promoter homologs of MIR319 from B. juncea. Regulatory diversification was studied using analysis of reporter activity driven by BjMIR319 promoters in a heterologous system employing promoter-reporter fusion constructs. MIR319 is known to play important roles in leaf and flower development, and multiple stress responses. Reporter activity was therefore monitored during development, hormonal and stress regimes. In-silico analyses revealed differential distribution of cis-regulatory motifs and functional analysis revealed distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns. The significance of presence of selected cis-regulatory motifs corresponding to heat, cold, salt and ABA stress were further functionally validated. It was observed that promoter of Bj -MIR319a-A01 was upregulated in response to cold and salt stress, while promoter of Bj -MIR319c-A04 (D1) and Bj -MIR319c-A05 (FL) were downregulated in response to high temperature. In summary, comparative analysis of homologous promoters from Brassica juncea, an allopolyploid revealed extensive sequence and functional diversity. Spatiotemporal activity of reporter gene driven by BjMIR319 promoter was distinct, and partially overlapping with from those reported previously for A. thaliana. The present study clearly demonstrates regulatory divergence amongst promoter homologs of MIR319 in Brassica juncea during development and stress response, and underlines the urgent need for dissection of promoter function and detailed characterization including identification of interacting trans-factors. Genbank accession numbers: MT379853-MT379858.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chetan Chauhan
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Sandip Das
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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Tang G, Xu P, Li P, Zhu J, Chen G, Shan L, Wan S. Cloning and functional characterization of seed-specific LEC1A promoter from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242949. [PMID: 33750972 PMCID: PMC7984638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) is a HAP3 subunit of CCAAT-binding transcription factor, which controls several aspects of embryo and postembryo development, including embryo morphogenesis, storage reserve accumulation and skotomorphogenesis. Herein, using the method of chromosomal walking, a 2707bp upstream sequence from the ATG initiation codon site of AhLEC1A which is a homolog of Arabidopsis LEC1 was isolated in peanut. Its transcriptional start site confirmed by 5’ RACE was located at 82 nt from 5’ upstream of ATG. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that there existed many tissue-specific elements and light responsive motifs in its promoter. To identify the functional region of the AhLEC1A promoter, seven plant expression vectors expressing the GUS (β-glucuronidase) gene, driven by 5’ terminal series deleted fragments of AhLEC1A promoter, were constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis. Results of GUS histochemical staining showed that the regulatory region containing 82bp of 5’ UTR and 2228bp promoter could facilitate GUS to express preferentially in the embryos at different development periods of Arabidopsis. Taken together, it was inferred that the expression of AhLEC1A during seed development of peanut might be controlled positively by several seed-specific regulatory elements, as well as negatively by some other regulatory elements inhibiting its expression in other organs. Moreover, the GUS expression pattern of transgenic seedlings in darkness and in light was relevant to the light-responsive elements scattered in AhLEC1A promoter segment, implying that these light-responsive elements harbored in the AhLEC1A promoter regulate skotomorphogenesis of peanut seeds, and AhLEC1A expression was inhibited after the germinated seedlings were transferred from darkness to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Tang
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pingli Xu
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengxiang Li
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhu
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Lei Shan
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (SW)
| | - Shubo Wan
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (SW)
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Huo Y, Zhang B, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhu C. Isolation and Functional Characterization of the Promoters of Miltiradiene Synthase Genes, TwTPS27a and TwTPS27b, and Interaction Analysis with the Transcription Factor TwTGA1 from Tripterygium wilfordii. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020418. [PMID: 33672407 PMCID: PMC7926782 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Miltiradiene synthase (MS) genes, TwTPS27a and TwTPS27b, are the key diterpene synthase genes in the biosynthesis of triptolide, which is an important medicinally active diterpenoid in Tripterygium wilfordii. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of key genes TwTPS27a/b in triptolide biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, the promoters of TwTPS27a (1496 bp) and TwTPS27b (1862 bp) were isolated and analyzed. Some hormone-/stress-responsive elements and transcription factor (TF) binding sites were predicted in both promoters, which might be responsible for the regulation mechanism of TwTPS27a/b. The β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity analysis in promoter deletion assays under normal and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) conditions showed that the sequence of −921 to −391 bp is the potential core region of the TwTPS27b promoter. And the TGACG-motif, a MeJA-responsive element found in this core region, might be responsible for MeJA-mediated stress induction of GUS activity. Moreover, the TGACG-motif is also known as the TGA TF-binding site. Yeast one-hybrid and GUS transactivation assays confirmed the interaction between the TwTPS27a/b promoters and the TwTGA1 TF (a MeJA-inducible TGA TF upregulating triptolide biosynthesis in T. wilfordii), indicating that TwTPS27a/b are two target genes regulated by TwTGA1. In conclusion, our results provide important information for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of MS genes, TwTPS27a and TwTPS27b, as two target genes of TwTGA1, in jasmonic acid (JA)-inducible triptolide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chuanshu Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.H.); (B.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Z.)
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
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Srideepthi R, Krishna MSR, Suneetha P, Krishna RS, Karthikeyan S. Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of non-RD receptor like kinase gene family under Colletotrichum truncatum stress conditions in hot pepper. Genetica 2020; 148:283-296. [PMID: 32918190 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-020-00104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Receptor like kinases (RLKs) are preserved upstream signaling molecules which regulate several biological processes from plant development to various stress adaptation programs. Non arginine aspartate (non-RD) a prominent class of RLKs plays a significant role in disease resistance and apoptosis in plants. In present investigation, a comprehensive in silico analysis for non-RD Kinase gene family as well as identification of gene structures, sequence similarity, chromosomal localization, gene duplication analysis, promoter analysis, transcript expression profiles and phylogenic studies were done. In this study, twenty-six genes were observed on nine out of twelve chromosomes. All these genes were clustered into five subfamilies under large monophyletic group termed as Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase (IRAK) family. Some of the important physiochemical properties of twenty-six proteins are determined and ranged in the following order: (a) Amino acids size ranged from (620 to 1781) (b) Molecular weight ranged as of (70.11 to 197.11 KDa) and (c) Theoretical PI ranged from (5.69 to 8.63) respectively. Structural diversity in genomic structure among non-RD kinase gene family was identified and presence of pathogen induced cis regulatory elements including STRE, MYC, MYB, and W box were found. Expression profiles revealed the potential ability of three genes CaRLK1 from LRRXII and CaRLK15,16 from stress antifung subfamily were pointedly upregulated beyond the severe stress time period (9 DAI) in anthracnose resistant genotype PBC-80 in response to Colletotrichum truncatum infection. Subsequently, in silico studies from the available genome sequencing data helped us to identify candidate genes tangled in inducing disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srideepthi
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
| | - M S R Krishna
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India.
| | - P Suneetha
- Professor Jaya Shanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | - R Sai Krishna
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - S Karthikeyan
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
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