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Ding N, Li S, Zhou H, Tang Z, Gao T, Tian M, Liu C, Luo X, Chen H, Yu L, Chen Y, Yang L, Zhu L. Exploring the complex dynamics of BMI, age, and physiological indicators in early adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:222. [PMID: 38561702 PMCID: PMC10983764 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood biochemical indicators in early adolescence, and to provide ideas for early prevention of diseases and explore possible disease-related predictors. METHODS 3125 participants aged 10 ∼ 14 years were selected from China from the survey of "China Nutrition and Health Surveillance ( 2016 ∼ 2017 ) ". Employing advanced statistical methods, including generalized linear models, heatmaps, hierarchical clustering, and generalized additive models, the study delved into the associations between BMI and various biochemical indicators. RESULTS In early adolescence, indicators including systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, weight, height, BMI, hemoglobin, blood uric acid, serum creatinine, albumin, vitamin A presented increasing trends with the increase of age ( P < 0.05 ), whereas LDL-C, vitamin D, and ferritin showed decreasing trends with the increase of age ( P < 0.05 ). The increase in hemoglobin and blood uric acid levels with age was more pronounced in males compared to females ( P < 0.05 ). BMI was positively correlated with blood glucose, hemoglobin, triglyceride, LDL-C, blood uric acid, serum creatinine, ferritin, transferrin receptor, hs-CRP, total protein, vitamin A ( P < 0.05 ). There was a significant BMI × age interaction in the correlation analysis with LDL-C, transferrin receptor, serum creatinine, and hs-CRP ( P < 0.05 ). BMI was a risk factor for hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome in all age groups ( OR > 1, P < 0.05 ). CONCLUSIONS High BMI was a risk factor for hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and MetS in early adolescents. With the focus on energy intake beginning in early adolescence, the maintenance of a healthy weight warrants greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenchuang Tang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meina Tian
- Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongtong Chen
- Department of cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianlong Yu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Lichao Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Avnon Ziv C, Banon T, Ben Tov A, Chodick G, Gabay L, Auerbach A, Hirsch HJ, Levy Khademi F. Glucose levels are not the same for everyone: a real-world big data study evaluating fasting serum glucose levels by sex and age among children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:851-858. [PMID: 37579024 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the normal range of laboratory values as pertained to different age groups and males or females is paramount in health care delivery. We aimed to assess the distribution of morning fasting serum glucose levels by age and sex in the general population of children using a large-scale population-based cohort. METHODS A retrospective study with real-world de-identified data from a large, state mandated health fund in Israel among children aged 2-18 years old between 2006 and 2019. Age, sex, and BMI differences in mean glucose levels were evaluated. RESULTS Study included 130,170 venous blood samples from 117,411 children, 53.3 % were female. After adjusting for age boys had higher fasting serum glucose levels than girls, with a mean of 89.21 ± 8.66 mg/dL vs. 87.59 ± 8.35 (p<0.001) [4.95 ± 0.48 mmol/L vs. 4.86 ± 0.46]. Compared to the 15 to 18 year-olds (88.49 ± 7.63 mg/dL) [4.92 ± 0.42 mmol/L], 2 to 5 year-olds had lower glucose levels (84.19 ± 10.65, [4.68 ± 0.59] (p<0.001)), 11 to 14 year-olds had higher glucose (90.40 ± 7.42 [5.02 ± 0.41], (p<0.001)) and 6 to 10 year-olds showed no difference (88.45 ± 8.25) [4.91 ± 0.46]. 33.0 % (n=42,991) had a BMI percentile record the same year as their glucose test result. There was a weak yet significant positive association between blood glucose levels and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Our large cohort indicates that boys have slightly higher fasting serum glucose levels than girls, as do adolescents compared to younger children. This finding is important for the delivery of adequate health care, screening for illness and avoiding unnecessary investigations and tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Avnon Ziv
- Maccabi Healthcare Services and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Banon
- Kahn-Sagol-Maccabi Research and Innovation Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Ben Tov
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Kahn-Sagol-Maccabi Research and Innovation Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Kahn-Sagol-Maccabi Research and Innovation Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Linoy Gabay
- Kahn-Sagol-Maccabi Research and Innovation Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Auerbach
- Maccabi Healthcare Services and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Harry J Hirsch
- Maccabi Healthcare Services and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Floris Levy Khademi
- Maccabi Healthcare Services and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Azegami T, Nishimura T, Murai-Takeda A, Yamada-Goto N, Sato Y, Mori M. The distributions of hematologic and biochemical values in healthy high-school adolescents in Japan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242272. [PMID: 33201901 PMCID: PMC7671557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory tests of adolescents are often interpreted by using reference intervals derived from adults, even though these populations differ in their physical and physiologic characteristics and disease susceptibility. Therefore, to examine the distribution of laboratory values specific for adolescents, we analyzed hematologic and biochemical measurements obtained from 12,023 healthy Japanese adolescents (ages 15 through 18 years; male, 9165; female, 2858) during 2009 through 2018. Distributions were shown as medians with 95% (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) of values and were compared with those from previous studies that examined similar Asian populations. There were some differences between hematologic parameters, serum creatinine and uric acid concentration, and lipid levels of Japanese adults and adolescents. In comparison with other Asian populations, the distributions of serum uric acid and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in the present study were slightly higher than those in the other studies. Although further research is need, the distributions of hematologic and biochemical tests in adolescents may have the potential to facilitate the early identification and management of disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Keio University Health Center, Yokohama-shi, Japan
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Giri AK, Prasad G, Bandesh K, Parekatt V, Mahajan A, Banerjee P, Kauser Y, Chakraborty S, Rajashekar D, Sharma A, Mathur SK, Basu A, McCarthy MI, Tandon N, Bharadwaj D. Multifaceted genome-wide study identifies novel regulatory loci in SLC22A11 and ZNF45 for body mass index in Indians. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:1013-1026. [PMID: 32363570 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a risk factor for multiple diseases (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, cancers) originates through complex interactions between genes and prevailing environment (food habit and lifestyle) that varies across populations. Indians exhibit a unique obesity phenotype with high abdominal adiposity for a given body weight compared to matched white populations suggesting presence of population-specific genetic and environmental factors influencing obesity. However, Indian population-specific genetic contributors for obesity have not been explored yet. Therefore, to identify potential genetic contributors, we performed a two-staged genome-wide association study (GWAS) for body mass index (BMI), a common measure to evaluate obesity in 5973 Indian adults and the lead findings were further replicated in 1286 Indian adolescents. Our study revealed novel association of variants-rs6913677 in BAI3 gene (p = 1.08 × 10-8) and rs2078267 in SLC22A11 gene (p = 4.62 × 10-8) at GWAS significance, and of rs8100011 in ZNF45 gene (p = 1.04 × 10-7) with near GWAS significance. As genetic loci may dictate the phenotype through modulation of epigenetic processes, we overlapped genetic data of identified signals with their DNA methylation patterns in 236 Indian individuals and performed methylation quantitative trait loci (meth-QTL) analysis. Further, functional roles of discovered variants and underlying genes were speculated using publicly available gene regulatory databases (ENCODE, JASPAR, GeneHancer, GTEx). The identified variants in BAI3 and SLC22A11 genes were found to dictate methylation patterns at unique CpGs harboring critical cis-regulatory elements. Further, BAI3, SLC22A11 and ZNF45 variants were located in repressive chromatin, active enhancer, and active chromatin regions, respectively, in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in ENCODE database. Additionally, these genomic regions represented potential binding sites for key transcription factors implicated in obesity and/or metabolic disorders. Interestingly, GTEx portal identify rs8100011 as a robust cis-expression quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p = 1.6 × 10-7), and ZNF45 gene expression in skeletal muscle of Indian subjects showed an inverse correlation with BMI indicating its possible role in obesity. In conclusion, our study discovered 3 novel population-specific functional genetic variants (rs6913677, rs2078267, rs8100011) in 2 novel (SLC22A11 and ZNF45) and 1 earlier reported gene (BAI3) for BMI in Indians. Our study decodes key genomic loci underlying obesity phenotype in Indians that may serve as prospective drug targets in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Giri
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushdeep Bandesh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaisak Parekatt
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Yasmeen Kauser
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Shraddha Chakraborty
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Donaka Rajashekar
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Abhay Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Analabha Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India. .,Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Široká M, Franco C, Guľašová Z, Hertelyová Z, Tomečková V, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Nuclear factor-kB and nitric oxide synthases in red blood cells: good or bad in obesity? A preliminary study. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 31988533 PMCID: PMC7003140 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that red blood cells (RBCs) are involved in many functions essential for life. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), nitric oxide synthases (inducible nitric oxide synthase -iNOS-, endothelial nitric oxide synthase -eNOS-) and interleukin-1β (-IL-1β-) are all proteins that have been identified in RBCs. In nucleated cells, such as white blood cells (WBCs), these proteins have well investigated roles, linked to stress and inflammation. It is not the same in erythrocytes, for this reason, we considered obese patients for studying the morphology of RBCs. We studied a possible correlation between their morphological changes and several protein expressions. Moreover, we compared the results about the aforementioned proteins and antioxidant markers with those obtained in WBCs from healthy and obese patients before and after omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation. This latter scientific point is important in order to determine whether there are differences in the expression of nucleated and anucleated cells. The morphology of RBCs changed in obese patients, but it is significantly restored after six weeks of supplementation. The expression of antioxidant enzymes changed in RBCs and WBCs in obesity but all proteins restore their positivity after supplementation. We found that: the presence of NF-kB, antioxidant enzymes and eNOS in healthy RBCs could indicate a role of these proteins as regulators of cellular metabolism; obese WBCs showed a higher NF-kB, iNOS and IL-1β positivity, whereas eNOS presence did not significantly change in these cells. We tried to explain the different positivity of NF-kB, proposing a dual role for this protein, as prolifespan and as proinflammatory processes, depending on examined cells. In conclusion, we have considered the literature that focuses on the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. The ratio changed from the past, especially in people whose diet is strongly westernized worsening the state of health of the patient and leading to an higher incidence of obesity. Our study hypothesizes that the supplementation could help to restore the correct ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Široká
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice.
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