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dos Santos LM, Vieira MRMDS, Vieira RC, Silva LBDL, de Macêdo GMM, Miranda AE, Brasiliense DM, e Guimarães RJDPS, Sousa EC, Ferrari SF, Pinheiro HHC, Ishikawa EAY, de Sousa MS. Prevalence and circulant genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis in university women from cities in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287119. [PMID: 38165909 PMCID: PMC10760737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 80% of infected women infected by Chlamydia trachomatis are asymptomatic, although this infection can lead to serious complications in the female reproductive tract. Few data on Chlamydia infection and genotypes are available in Amazonian communities. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of and associated factors and to identify the genotypes of sexual C. trachomatis infection in female university students in different urban centers (capital and interiors) in the Brazilian state of Pará, in the eastern Amazon region. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among young women attending public universities in four different urban centers in the eastern Amazon region. They were invited to participate in the studt and cervical secretions were collected for molecular diagnosis of C. trachomatis. We utilized amplification of the ompA gene by nested PCR. Positive samples were genotyped by nucleotide sequencing. Study participants completed a questionnaire on social, epidemiological, and reproductive health variables. A Qui-square and Binominal regression test were used to evaluate the degree of association of these variables with the infection. RESULTS A total of 686 female students was included in the study. The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis was 11.2% (77/686). The prevalence of this infection was higher in interiors (15.2% vs 9.5%/ p: 0.0443). Female university students who do not have a sexual partner (11.8%/p <0.008), who do not use a condom in their sexual relations (17.8%/p <0.0001) and who reported having suffered a miscarriage (32%/p <0.0001) have high chances of acquiring this sexual infection. The ompA gene was sequenced in only 33 (42.8%) samples, revealing the genotype J was the most frequent (27.2% [9/33]), followed by genotypes D (24.2% [8/33]), and then genotypes F (18.2% [6/33]), E (15.1% [5/33]) K (6.1% [2/33]), Ia (6.1% [2/33]), and G (3.1% [1/33]). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of sexual infection by C. trachomatis in the female university students from the interior of the state of Pará, individuals with no fixed sexual partner, those that had had a miscarriage, the students that do not use condoms in their sexual relations. The genotype J of C. trachomatis genotypes was the most frequent. These data are important to help defining the epidemiological effects of chlamydial infections in Amazonian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Angélica Espinosa Miranda
- Department of Social Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
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Rodrigues LLS, Pilotto JH, Martinelli KG, Nicol AF, De Paula VS, Gheit T, Oliveira NSC, Silva-de-Jesus C, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Da Silva DM, Kast WM, Hardick J, Gaydos CA, Morgado MG. Diversity of Anal HPV and Non-HPV Sexually Transmitted Infections and Concordance with Genital Infections in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women in the Tapajós Region, Amazon, Brazil. Viruses 2023; 15:1328. [PMID: 37376627 PMCID: PMC10302924 DOI: 10.3390/v15061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to classify the diversity of anal HPV and non-HPV sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and compare the concordance between anal and genital infections in HIV-infected and uninfected women living in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed with 112 HIV-uninfected and 41 HIV-infected nonindigenous women. Anal and cervical scrapings were collected and analyzed for HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrheae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), and Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2). The Kappa test evaluated the concordance between anal and genital infections. The overall prevalence of anal HPV infection was 31.3% in HIV-uninfected and 97.6% in HIV-infected women. The most frequent anal high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types were HPV18 and HPV16 in HIV-uninfected women and HPV51, HPV59, HPV31, and HPV58 in HIV-infected women. Anal HPV75 Betapapillomavirus was also identified. Anal non-HPV STIs were identified in 13.0% of all participants. The concordance analysis was fair for CT, MG, and HSV-2, almost perfect agreement for NG, moderate for HPV, and variable for the most frequent anal hrHPV types. Thus, a high prevalence of anal HPV infection with moderate and fair concordance between anal and genital HPV and non-HPV STIs was observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lorena Silva Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68135-110, Brazil
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.H.P.); (C.S.-d.-J.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Pilotto
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.H.P.); (C.S.-d.-J.)
| | | | - Alcina F. Nicol
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, INI-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Vanessa Salete De Paula
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Parasitologia, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69366 Lyon, France;
| | | | - Carlos Silva-de-Jesus
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.H.P.); (C.S.-d.-J.)
| | | | - Diane M. Da Silva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (D.M.D.S.); (W.M.K.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - W. Martin Kast
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (D.M.D.S.); (W.M.K.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Justin Hardick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.H.); (C.A.G.)
| | - Charlotte A. Gaydos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.H.); (C.A.G.)
| | - Mariza Gonçalves Morgado
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (J.H.P.); (C.S.-d.-J.)
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Bardach A, Alconada T, Palermo C, Rojas-Roque C, Sandoval MM, Gomez J, Pinto T, Ciapponi A. Burden of Disease of Gonorrhoea in Latin America: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Infect Dis Ther 2023:10.1007/s40121-023-00814-0. [PMID: 37261611 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhoea, a globally neglected but increasing disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the epidemiology and economic burden of gonorrhoea in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Library, EconLIT, CINAHL, CRD, LILACS, Global Health, Global Dissertations and Theses, SciELO, Web of Science databases, countries' ministries of health, and the IHME's Global Burden of Disease databases. Studies published in the last 10 years (20 years for economic studies) were included if conducted in any LAC country, without language restrictions. The main outcome measures were incidence/prevalence, proportion of co-infections, case fatality rates, specific mortality/hospitalisation rates, direct/indirect costs, and impact of gonorrhoea on quality of life. To assess evidence quality, we used a checklist developed by the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute for observational studies and trial control arms, the Cochrane Effective Practice Organization of Care Group tool for randomised controlled trials, and the CICERO checklist for economic studies. RESULTS We identified 1290 articles; 115 included epidemiological studies and one included an economic study. Ministry of health data from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Uruguay were identified. Gonorrhoea prevalence was 1.46% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-2.00%) from 48 studies and 5.68% (95% CI 4.23-7.32%) from 58 studies for non-high-risk and high-risk populations, respectively. Cumulative incidence for the high-risk population was 2.05 cases per 100 persons/year. Few published studies were rated as "good" in the risk of bias assessments. Variations in the methodology of the sources and limited information found in the countries' surveillance systems hinder the comparison of data. CONCLUSION The burden of gonorrhoea in LAC is not negligible. Our results provide public health and clinical decision support to assess potential interventions to prevent gonorrhoea. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021253342). The study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (GSK study identifier VEO-000025).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Bardach
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Alconada
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Palermo
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Rojas-Roque
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Macarena Sandoval
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Agustin Ciapponi
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Dr Emilio Ravignani 2024, C1014CPV, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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dos Santos LM, de Souza JD, Mbakwa HA, Nobre AFS, Vieira RC, Ferrari SF, Rodrigues AR, Ishikawa EAY, Guerreiro JF, de Sousa MS. High prevalence of sexual infection by human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in sexually-active women from a large city in the Amazon region of Brazil. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270874. [PMID: 35849577 PMCID: PMC9292084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most prevalent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) worldwide, and are associated cervical cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease, respectively. However, 80% of women testing positive are asymptomatic. In the Amazon region, young women, in particular, are widely exposed to the infections and their consequences. OBJECTIVES Determine the prevalence of sexual infection by HPV and C. trachomatis in young, sexually-active women treated at a university health program in a large city of the Brazilian Amazon region. METHODS We amplified the L1 gene of HPV. We amplified ompA gene of C. trachomatis by nested PCR, and the study participants filled in a questionnaire on their social, epidemiological, and reproductive health characteristics. The data were analyzed using the Odds Ratio, to evaluate the degree of association of these variables with the observed infections. RESULTS The prevalence of infection by HPV was 15.5% (47/303). This infection was recorded in 32.2% of the women of less than 25 years of age (OR:3.02 [CI95%] = 1.32-6.92; p = 0.014), 17.9% of the single women (OR: 2.41 [CI95%] = 1.22-4.75; p = 0.014), 23.8% of the women that reported having first sexual intercourse at less than 15 years of age (OR: 2.22 [CI95%] = 1.16-4.23; p = 0.021), 20% of those that reported having had more than one sexual partner during their lifetime (OR: 3.83 [CI95%] = 1.56-9.37; p = 0.003), and in 28.3% that use oral contraceptives (CI95% = 1.33-5.43; p = 0.008). The prevalence of sexual infection by C. trachomatis was 4.6% (14/303), and this bacterium was present in 16.1% of the young women of less than 25 years of age (OR: 2.86 [CI95%] = 1.33-5.43; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS We found a high prevalence of HPV in young, unmarried women who started their sex lives early, who had several sexual partners in their lives and who used oral contraceptives. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was high only in young women. Our data are in accordance with other studies in Brazil and in the world and may serve to base the formulation of diagnostic and screening measures for these infections in women in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Miranda dos Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Hilary Acha Mbakwa
- Graduation in Medicine, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Akim Felipe Santos Nobre
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Covre Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Maísa Silva de Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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5
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Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Evers YJ, Hoebe CJPA, Wolffs PFG, de Vries HJC, Hoenderboom B, van der Sande MAB, Heijne J, Klausner JD, Hocking JS, van Bergen J. Controversies and evidence on Chlamydia testing and treatment in asymptomatic women and men who have sex with men: a narrative review. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:255. [PMID: 35287617 PMCID: PMC8922931 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. CT is mainly asymptomatic. Test-and-treat strategies are widely implemented to prevent transmission and complications. Strategies are not without controversy in asymptomatic women and men who have sex with men (MSM). Concerns are emerging to test and treat asymptomatic persons for urogenital CT (‘Controversy 1’) and pharyngeal or rectal CT (‘Controversy 2’), whereby testing symptomatic persons is not under debate. Opposed views in CT treatment involve using azithromycin versus doxycycline (‘Controversy 3’). The objective of this review is to provide coverage of these public health and clinical controversies by reviewing the current scientific evidence. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed for relevant publications between 2018 and September 2021, and iterative retrieval of additional relevant publications. Results Controversy 1. In women, the majority of asymptomatic CT are at the urogenital site, and detections mostly include viable CT. CT easily transmits to a partner and potentially also between the vaginal and rectal areas; the clinical impact of urogenital CT is established, although risks for adverse outcomes are uncertain. Wide-scale testing in asymptomatic women has not resulted in reduced prevalence. In MSM, evidence for the clinical impact of asymptomatic urogenital CT is lacking. Controversy 2. Rectal CT is common in women diagnosed with urogenital CT, but the clinical impact of asymptomatic rectal CT is uncertain. In MSM, rectal CT is common, and most CT infections are at the rectal site, yet the risk of longer term complications is unknown. In both sexes, pharyngeal CT is uncommon and has no documented clinical impact. Controversy 3. In the treatment of rectal CT, doxycycline has superior effectiveness to azithromycin. Evidence has also accumulated on the harms of test-and-treat strategies. Conclusions Current practices vary widely, from widescale test-and-treat approaches to more individual patient- and partner-level case management. Choosing which asymptomatic people to test at what anatomic site, and whether to test or not, requires an urgent (re-)definition of the goals of testing and treating asymptomatic persons. Treatment guidelines are shifting toward universal doxycycline use, and clinical practice now faces the challenge of implementation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07171-2. Test-and-treat is a key strategy in the control of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). We discuss recent controversies and present scientific evidence regarding urogenital, rectal, and pharyngeal CT test-and-treat strategies in women and in men who have sex with men (MSM). This should inform best practices for the prevention and management of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H T M Dukers-Muijrers
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, PO Box 33, 6400 AA, Heerlen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ymke J Evers
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, PO Box 33, 6400 AA, Heerlen, The Netherlands.,Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian J P A Hoebe
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, PO Box 33, 6400 AA, Heerlen, The Netherlands.,Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra F G Wolffs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henry J C de Vries
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernice Hoenderboom
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Public Health Genomics, Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health and Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne A B van der Sande
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Global Health, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Heijne
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jane S Hocking
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan van Bergen
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,STI AIDS Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tu W, Li YY, Kuang YQ, Xie RH, Dong XQ, Zhang D, Ma YL, Zhang WY, Lu L. High prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and risk factors among HIV-positive individuals in Yunnan, China. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:9. [PMID: 35027093 PMCID: PMC8756631 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yunnan has the highest rates of HIV in China. Other treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with accelerated HIV transmission and poor ART outcomes, but are only diagnosed by syndromic algorithms. Methods We recruited 406 HIV-positive participants for a cross-sectional study (204 ART-naive and 202 receiving ART). Blood samples and first-voided urine samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for diagnosing Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Syphilis and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) tests were also performed. Results Among the 406 participants, the overall prevalence of STIs was 47.0% and 45.1% in ART-naive individuals and 49.0% in individuals receiving ART, respectively. The testing frequencies were 11.6% (11.8% vs. 11.4%), 33.2% (29.4% vs. 37.1%), 3.2% (3.4% vs. 3.0%), 2.0% (3.4% vs. 0.5%) and 4.7% (6.4% vs. 3.0%) for active syphilis, HSV-2, CT, NG and MG, respectively. The percentage of multiple infections in both groups was 10.8% (22/204) in ART-naive participants and 9.9% (20/202) in participants receiving ART. Female sex, an age between 18 and 35 years, ever injecting drugs, homosexual or bisexual status, HIV/HBV coinfection, and not receiving ART were identified as risk factors. Self-reported asymptomatic patients were not eliminated from having a laboratory-diagnosed STI. Conclusions The STI prevalence was 47.0% (45.1% vs. 49.0%), and HSV-2, syphilis and MG were the most common STIs in HIV-infected individuals. We found a high prevalence (6.4%) of MG in ART-naive individuals. HIV-positive individuals tend to neglect or hide their genital tract discomfort; thus, we suggest strengthening STI joint screening and treatment services among HIV-infected individuals regardless of whether they describe genital tract discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tu
- Department of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yu-Ye Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Yi-Qun Kuang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Rong-Hui Xie
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases/Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Anning, 650300, China
| | - Xing-Qi Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases/Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Anning, 650300, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yan-Ling Ma
- Yunnan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Wan-Yue Zhang
- Yunnan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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7
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Pereira Nogueira W, Figueiredo Nogueira M, de Almeida Nogueira J, Freire MEM, Gir E, Silva ACDOE. Syphilis in riverine communities: prevalence and associated factors. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2022; 56:e20210258. [PMID: 35007316 PMCID: PMC10184761 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of syphilis and associated factors in riverine communities. METHOD This is a cross-sectional and analytical study carried out with 250 riverside dwellers living in five communities in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraíba. Data were collected through interviews and rapid screening tests to investigate syphilis. Bivariate, logistic regression and weight of evidence analysis were performed to identify the association between risk factors and behavior variables and rapid test positivity. RESULTS he prevalence of syphilis was 11.6% (95%CI: 7.5-15.6). Riverside dwellers who have a previous history of Sexually Transmitted Infection (OR 8.00; 95%CI: 2.76-23.2), history of imprisonment (OR 7.39; 95%CI: 1.61-33.7) and who reported having more than two sexual partners in the last 12 months (OR 4.31; 95%CI: 1.55-11.9) were more likely to be positive for syphilis. CONCLUSION High prevalence of syphilis among riverside dwellers and the presence of behavioral factors that increase vulnerability to acquiring the infection. The need to invest in preventive and screening strategies for syphilis in populations considered vulnerable is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynne Pereira Nogueira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Elucir Gir
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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8
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Ngobese B, Abbai NS. Sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women from sub-Saharan Africa. S Afr J Infect Dis 2021; 36:312. [PMID: 34917679 PMCID: PMC8664065 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v36i1.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major health problem in most countries of the world, particularly in developing countries where the resources and technology to diagnose and treat them are limited. Currently, there is limited data on STIs and risk factors for these infections in pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This review provides data on the prevalence and risk factors for STIs in pregnant women living with HIV from SSA. This review also describes the association between STIs and HIV on pregnancy and birth outcomes as well as highlights the importance of laboratory-based diagnosis of STIs. Method An electronic search of online databases was used to find and collect relevant research articles connected to the prevalence, adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, health complications and risk factors associated with STIs and HIV in pregnant women from SSA. The search was limited to articles published in English. Relevant studies were identified by searching literature from January 2001 to date. The search yielded 4709 results. Results In SSA, STIs are highly prevalent in pregnant women and are widely known to be linked with an increased risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. These infections are often asymptomatic and highly prevalent in pregnant women. The screening of STIs in pregnant women living with HIV can reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and screening and treatment for STIs can also prevent adverse perinatal outcomes. It is important to recognise regional and national STI epidemics in order to promote STI prevention and control interventions considering the test and treat approach as opposed to syndromic management. Conclusion This review highlights the need to use diagnostic screening methods instead of syndromic STI management in SSA. Moreover, more research into effective prevention and treatment measures for STIs in pregnant women is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongekile Ngobese
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nathlee S Abbai
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Neto PLF, Fonseca RRDS, Avelino MEDS, Vilhena EM, Barbosa MDADAP, Lopes CAF, Gomes STM, Sequeira BJ, Laurentino RV, Freitas FB, Oliveira-Filho AB, Machado LFA. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Syphilis in People Living With HIV/AIDS in the State of Pará, Northern Brazil. Front Public Health 2021; 9:646663. [PMID: 34434909 PMCID: PMC8381150 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.646663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Syphilis continues to be a public health problem worldwide and its incidence has increased in people living with HIV/AIDS in recent years. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with syphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS in the city of Belém, northern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2018. A total of 500 people living with HIV/AIDS attended at a specialized unit of the public health network of the State of Pará were studied. Questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data and potential risk factors for syphilis. Blood samples were collected from all subjects and screened for syphilis using VDRL, and the seropositive were confirmed using FTA-abs. Logistic regressions were used to identify the factors associated with syphilis. Most subjects were male (56.8%), had more than 40 years (54.0%), single (63.0%), had finished high school (54.2%), had monthly income ≤1 minimum wage (72.4%), and had been born to the city of Belém (59.8%). Prevalence of syphilis was 6.4%. Eight characteristics/behaviors associated with syphilis: male, young adults, single, studied at least high school, monthly income >1 minimum wage, homosexual/bisexual, does not use or sporadically use condoms during sexual intercourse, and have had more than one sexual partner in the last three months. The prevalence of syphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS in Belém is low when compared to other Brazilian states. However, there is a need for public policies and actions to monitor, control and prevent these two sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Leão Fontes Neto
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de Sousa Avelino
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bianca Jorge Sequeira
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aldemir Branco Oliveira-Filho
- Study and Research Group on Vulnerable Populations, Institute for Coastal Studies, Federal University of Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
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10
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Comerlato J, Kops NL, Bessel M, Horvath JD, Fernandes BV, Villa LL, de Souza FMA, Pereira GFM, Wendland EM. Sex differences in the prevalence and determinants of HPV-related external genital lesions in young adults: a national cross-sectional survey in Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:683. [PMID: 32948142 PMCID: PMC7501703 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background External genital lesions (EGL) are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, determinants and sex differences in EGL among young adults from Brazil. Methods Overall, 7694 participants (aged 16 to 25 years) underwent an interview, genital examination and sampling for HPV genotyping. Results The prevalence of EGL was 4.08% (234) and is more frequent in men (5.72%) than women (2.31%) (p < 0.001). Genital lesions were significantly associated with male sex, infection by high-risk and multiple HPV types, having more than two sexual partners in the last year, smoking status and the presence of other STI. While alcohol use was associated with a higher prevalence of EGL in women, same-sex sexual relationship increase the prevalence in men. In the EGL group, 67.79% (p = 0.032) were positive for HPV infection and the types HPV6 and HPV11 were the most prevalent ones. Conclusion The prevalence of EGL in young adults was consistently high, and most cases were associated with genital HPV infection and STIs. Although men have a higher prevalence, both sexes share most genital lesion determinants. The promotion of sexual education and vaccination especially focus in young men, who are usually outside the targets of primary health care programmes, can prevent EGL in Brazilian young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Comerlato
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, PROADI - SUS, Ramiro Barcelos, 910, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-004, Brazil.,Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Graduate Programs in Health Sciences and Pediatrics, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bruna Vieira Fernandes
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, PROADI - SUS, Ramiro Barcelos, 910, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-004, Brazil.,Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Graduate Programs in Health Sciences and Pediatrics, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliana Márcia Wendland
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, PROADI - SUS, Ramiro Barcelos, 910, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-004, Brazil. .,Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Graduate Programs in Health Sciences and Pediatrics, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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11
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Silva BEBD, Santos VS, Santos IER, Batista MVDA, Gonçalves LLC, Lemos LMDD. Prevalence of coinfections in women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Northeast Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 53:e20190282. [PMID: 31859952 PMCID: PMC7083350 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0282-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Despite the success of antiretrovirals, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
coinfections continue to cause mortality. We investigated the prevalence of
coinfections in women with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in
Sergipe, Brazil. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study. The coinfections investigated were
syphilis, hepatitis B and C, toxoplasmosis, rubella, tuberculosis, and
cytomegalovirus. RESULTS: Among the 435 women, 85 (19.5%) had coinfections. The most prevalent was
HIV/syphilis, followed by tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, hepatitis C,
hepatitis B, and rubella. Additionally, 300 (96.2%) were seropositive for
cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G. CONCLUSIONS: Despite significant progress in the treatment for people with HIV,
coinfections continued to affect this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Santana Santos
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Núcleo de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Arapiraca, AL, Brasil
| | | | | | - Leila Luiza Conceição Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Enfermagem, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Lígia Mara Dolce de Lemos
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Enfermagem, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
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