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Mills K, Sheets J, Teeple K, Mann A, Suarez-Trujillo A, Stewart K, Ferreira C, Casey T. Low colostrum intake results in potential accumulation of peroxisome lipid substrates in vaginal tissue of 3-week-old gilts. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060044. [PMID: 37566396 PMCID: PMC10434361 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low colostrum intake relates to poorer health and infertility in swine. We previously connected vaginal lipid profiles at weaning to fertility of sows. We hypothesized vaginal lipidome varied with colostrum intake. Our objective was to determine whether indicators of colostrum intake, immunocrit (IM) and weight gain 24 h postnatal (PN), related to vaginal lipids at d21 PN. Gilts (n=60) were weighed and blood sampled to measure IM. On d21 PN vaginal swabs were taken and lipids measured using multiple reaction monitoring. Abundance of multiple lipids differed (P<0.05) between gilts categorized as high versus low IM and high versus low 24 h gain. The abundance of multiple lipids correlated with IM and 24 h gain. Phosphatidylcholine PC(36:3), PC(36:2), and arachidonic acid (C20:4) positively (P<0.05) correlated with IM. The ether lipid PCo(38:6) and multiple cholesteryl esters negatively (P<0.05) correlated with IM. ROC analysis indicated arachidonic acid and docosanoic acid (C22:0) may serve as excellent biomarkers that distinguish between high and low IM. Similar to gilts found to be infertile, lipid profiles of low colostrum intake animals had greater abundance of very long chain fatty acids, lipids with high levels of unsaturation, and cholesteryl esters, which are metabolized in peroxisomes indicating their potential dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Mills
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jocelyn Sheets
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kelsey Teeple
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Adrianna Mann
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Kara Stewart
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christina Ferreira
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Chen X, Ferreira CR, Kuang S. Targeted Lipidomics Analysis of Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Tissues by Multiple Reaction Monitoring Profiling. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:351-368. [PMID: 36995607 PMCID: PMC10726714 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is critical for maintaining normal cellular functions including membrane structural integrity, cell metabolism, and signal transduction. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are two major tissues involved in lipid metabolism. Adipose tissue can store excessive lipids in the form of triacylglyceride (TG), which can be hydrolyzed to release free fatty acids (FFAs) under insufficient nutrition states. In the highly energy-demanding skeletal muscle, lipids serve as oxidative substrates for energy production but can cause muscle dysfunction when overloaded. Lipids undergo fascinating cycles of biogenesis and degradation depending on physiological demands, while dysregulation of lipid metabolism has been increasingly recognized as a hallmark of diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance. Thus, it is important to understand the diversity and dynamics of lipid composition in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Here, we describe the use of multiple reaction monitoring profiling, based on lipid class and fatty acyl chain specific fragmentation, to explore various classes of lipids in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. We provide a detailed method for exploratory analysis of acylcarnitine (AC), ceramide (Cer), cholesteryl ester (CE), diacylglyceride (DG), FFA, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), sphingomyelin (SM), and TG. Characterization of lipid composition within adipose tissue and skeletal muscle under different physiological situations will provide biomarkers and therapeutic targets for obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Christina R Ferreira
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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3
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Clyde-Brockway CE, Ferreira CR, Flaherty EA, Paladino FV. Lipid profiling suggests species specificity and minimal seasonal variation in Pacific Green and Hawksbill Turtle plasma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253916. [PMID: 34280208 PMCID: PMC8289036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we applied multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-profiling to explore the relative ion intensity of lipid classes in plasma samples from sea turtles in order to profile lipids relevant to sea turtle physiology and investigate how dynamic ocean environments affect these profiles. We collected plasma samples from foraging green (Chelonia mydas, n = 28) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata, n = 16) turtles live captured in North Pacific Costa Rica in 2017. From these samples, we identified 623 MRMs belonging to 10 lipid classes (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, free fatty acid, cholesteryl ester, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, ceramide, and triacylglyceride) and one metabolite group (acyl-carnitine) present in sea turtle plasma. The relative ion intensities of most lipids (80%) were consistent between species, across seasons, and were not correlated to body size or estimated sex. Of the differences we observed, the most pronounced was the differences in relative ion intensity between species. We identified 123 lipids that had species-specific relative ion intensities. While some of this variability is likely due to green and hawksbill turtles consuming different food items, we found indications of a phylogenetic component as well. Of these, we identified 47 lipids that varied by season, most belonging to the structural phospholipid classes. Overall, more lipids (n = 39) had higher relative ion intensity in the upwelling (colder) season compared to the non-upwelling season (n = 8). Further, we found more variability in hawksbill turtles than green turtles. Here, we provide the framework in which to apply future lipid profiling in the assessment of health, physiology, and behavior in endangered sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Clyde-Brockway
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christina R. Ferreira
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Frank V. Paladino
- Department of Biology, Purdue University-Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, United States of America
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Suarez-Trujillo A, Luecke SM, Logan L, Bradshaw C, Stewart KR, Minor RC, Ramires Ferreira C, Casey TM. Changes in sow milk lipidome across lactation occur in fatty acyl residues of triacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol lipids, but not in plasma membrane phospholipids. Animal 2021; 15:100280. [PMID: 34252722 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fats are vital to neonate survival and development, but vary highly by diet, maternal metabolic state and stage of lactation. To gain a better understanding of changes in lipid composition of sow milk across lactation, milk was collected from nine multiparous sows on days 0, 3, 7, and 14, relative to birth and lipids were profiled using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling. Percent fat was determined by creamatocrit, and found to be different (P < 0.05) between day 0 (12.36 ± 5.90%) and day 3 (16.22 ± 3.65%) but not between day 7 (13.13 ± 2.19%) and day 14 (12.13 ± 2.45%). Fat was extracted from milk (n = 6/day) using the Bligh-Dyer method and profiled using tandem mass spectrometry MRM to determine the abundance of lipids defined by class and fatty acyl residue composition. Lipid species relative concentration was calculated from internal standards, and data analysis was performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Concentration of phosphatidyl-choline, -serine, -ethanolamine, -inositol, cholesteryl ester and sphingomyelin did not vary across lactation days, nor did the distribution of associated fatty acyl residues. The total abundance of triacylglycerides (TGs) and phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) increased (P < 0.05) from colostrum (day 0) to transitional (days 3 and 7) and mature milk (day 14). As lactation days increased from day 0 to day 14, the number of carbons and unsaturation within fatty acyl residues decreased (P < 0.05) in both TGs and PGs. The proportion of TGs and PGs increased (P < 0.05) relative to other lipid classes. Changes in composition of milk triglycerides and phosphatidylglycerols likely reflect the metabolic activity of the mammary gland and developmental needs of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suarez-Trujillo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - S M Luecke
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - L Logan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - C Bradshaw
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - K R Stewart
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - R C Minor
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - C Ramires Ferreira
- Metabolomics Core, Bindley Science Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - T M Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Xie Z, Ferreira CR, Virequ AA, Cooks RG. Multiple reaction monitoring profiling (MRM profiling): Small molecule exploratory analysis guided by chemical functionality. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105048. [PMID: 33561466 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules, including metabolites and lipids, provide information on metabolic pathways and active biological processes in living organisms. They are often diagnostic of disease. Current exploratory methods for metabolomics and lipidomics mostly rely on separation using liquid or gas chromatography (LC or GC) coupled with mass spectrometers capable of acquiring high resolution data to generate an enormous data, but at the cost of lengthy processing and data acquisition. Even though many molecules can be identified and quantified by these methods, the laborious protocols for purification, identification, and validation limit the accessible sample chemical information. To improve the speed and efficiency of exploratory metabolomics and lipidomics, multiple reaction monitoring profiling (MRM profiling) has been developed. This strategy involves a three-stage workflow which starts by considering the metabolome as a collection of functional groups. The Discovery Stage interrogates a representative sample mixture for functional groups using the functional group specific precursor ion (Prec) scans and neutral loss (NL) scans. This experiment usually uses a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer without chromatography, i.e. by direct sample infusion. In the second Screening Stage, the main features seen in the Prec and NL scans are organized into lists of precursor ion/product ion transitions (MRMs) which are then used for the fast, specific, and sensitive interrogation of each individual sample. Data analysis by univariate and multivariate statistical methods is used to identify the most informative MRMs and so classify the individual samples. The compounds (biomarkers) which are responsible for the most informative MRMs in particular sample classes can be investigated in an optional third Identification Stage i.e. in a structural identification study. MRM profiling benefits from the much smaller number of functional groups compared to the number of individual metabolites existing in biological samples (where most metabolites are still unknown), resulting in acquisition of a much smaller data set and a shorter analysis time. The application of MRM Profiling to several biological and clinical problems is used to illustrate its features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christina R Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alessandra A Virequ
- Invitra - Assisted Reproductive Technologies LTD, Supera Innovation and Technology Park, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14056-680, Brazil
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Suárez-Trujillo A, Senn LK, Teeple K, Casey TM, Stewart KR. A standardized model to study effects of varying 24-h colostrum dose on postnatal growth and development. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 4:txaa212. [PMID: 33409467 PMCID: PMC7758992 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival, feed efficiency, growth, and fertility of swine are dependent on colostrum intake in the first 24 h after birth. This study determined the effects of three doses of a homogeneous colostrum sample on 24-h body weight, rectal temperature (RT), immunocrit, and growth and survival to postnatal day (PND) 7. Three female piglets were selected from eight litters (n = 24 piglets) at birth, removed from their litter, and bottle-fed 10% (COL10, n = 8), 15% (COL15, n = 8), or 20% (COL20, n = 8) colostrum based on birth weight over 12 bottle feedings every 2 h. At 24 h, piglets were weighed, RT recorded, and blood was collected to measure immunocrit. Piglets were returned to the litter of origin, and weight was measured daily until PND 7. Colostrum dose had an overall effect on weight gain at 24 h, RT, immunocrit, and growth to PND 7 (P < 0.05). Piglets in the 20% BrW colostrum group had greater weight gain, RT, and immunocrit at 24 h than COL10 piglets (P < 0.05), but these variables were not different between COL15 and the other treatments. Despite no difference in average daily gain after being returned to their litters, the greater weight (P < 0.05) in COL20 compared to COL10 and COL15 was sustained over 7 d. Seven piglets in each treatment survived to PND 7. This model using standardized doses of a homogeneous colostrum sample enables controlled studies aimed at understanding the role of 24-h colostrum intake on piglet development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Kirsten Senn
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kelsey Teeple
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Theresa M Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kara R Stewart
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Mills KM, Schinckel AP, Stevens JG, Casey TM, Stewart KR. Evaluation of on-farm indicators of gilt reproductive performance potential at 21 days of age. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa210. [PMID: 33409465 PMCID: PMC7770622 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of replacements for the sow herd is one of the most important facets in swine production. Although our current methods of selection are effective, there is still a large amount of variation in sow reproductive performance traits such as pigs per sow per year (PSY). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if on-farm phenotypic traits at 21 d postnatal (PN) or perinatal environmental factors could predict sow reproductive performance. Data were prospectively collected from 2,146 gilts born on a commercial sow production facility and included birth and weaning weights, vulva length and width at 21 d PN, birth and nursing litter size, days nursed, average daily gain from birth to weaning, and age at first estrus. Of the initial animals, 400 (17%) were selected for the sow herd, 353 remained after removal of animals culled for non-reproductive reasons. Animals were assigned to 1 of 5 reproductive performance categories based on observation of estrus or pigs per sow per year (PSY) across two farrowings: High Fertility (HF; 23%; n = 82; ≥26 PSY), Middle Fertility (MF2; 12%; n = 43; 20–25 PSY), Low Fertility (MF3; 15%; n = 54; <20 PSY), Infertile-Estrus (IFe; 10%; n = 36; estrus, no pregnancy), and Infertile-No Estrus (IFno; 39%; n = 138; no estrus, no pregnancy). Generalized linear model analysis indicated vulva width (P = 0.03) was related to PSY, however, it only explained 1.5% of the total variation in PSY. To determine if preweaning variables were predictive of gilt fertility outcome, animals were grouped as those that became pregnant (n = 179) or not (n = 174). Vulva width tended to be greater in fertile animals versus infertile (P = 0.07). Binomial regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between vulva width and gilt fertility, however, this relationship is not strong enough to make sow herd selection decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Mills
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Allan P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Theresa M Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kara R Stewart
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Alqahtani S, Kobos LM, Xia L, Ferreira C, Franco J, Du X, Shannahan JH. Exacerbation of Nanoparticle-Induced Acute Pulmonary Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:818. [PMID: 32457752 PMCID: PMC7221136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the capacity to revolutionize numerous fields and processes, however, exposure-induced health effects are of concern. The majority of nanoparticle (NP) safety evaluations have been performed utilizing healthy models and have demonstrated the potential for pulmonary toxicity. A growing proportion of individuals suffer diseases that may enhance their susceptibility to exposures. Specifically, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly prevalent and is a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. MetS is a combination of conditions which includes dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Due to the role of lipids in inflammatory signaling, we hypothesize that MetS-associated dyslipidemia may modulate NP-induced immune responses. To examine this hypothesis, mice were fed either a control diet or a high-fat western diet (HFWD) for 14-weeks. A subset of mice were treated with atorvastatin for the final 7-weeks to modulate lipids. Mice were exposed to silver NPs (AgNPs) via oropharyngeal aspiration and acute toxicity endpoints were evaluated 24-h post-exposure. Mice on the HFWD demonstrated MetS-associated alterations such as increased body weight and cholesterol compared to control-diet mice. Cytometry analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) demonstrated exacerbation of AgNP-induced neutrophilic influx in MetS mice compared to healthy. Additionally, enhanced proinflammatory mRNA expression and protein levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and interleukin-6 were observed in MetS mice compared to healthy following exposure. AgNP exposure reduced mRNA expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, such as arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase in both mouse models. Exposure to AgNPs decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in MetS mice. An exploratory lipidomic profiling approach was utilized to screen lipid mediators involved in pulmonary inflammation. This assessment indicates the potential for reduced levels of lipids mediators of inflammatory resolution (LMIR) in the MetS model compared to healthy mice following AgNP exposure. Statin treatment inhibited enhanced inflammatory responses as well as alterations in LMIR observed in the MetS model due to AgNP exposure. Taken together our data suggests that MetS exacerbates the acute toxicity induced by AgNPs exposure possibly via a disruption of LMIR leading to enhanced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alqahtani
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,National Center for Pharmaceuticals, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lisa M Kobos
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Li Xia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christina Ferreira
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jackeline Franco
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xuqin Du
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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