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Li D, Geng D, Wang M. Advances in natural products modulating autophagy influenced by cellular stress conditions and their anticancer roles in the treatment of ovarian cancer. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70075. [PMID: 39382031 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202401409r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conservative catabolic process that typically serves a cell-protective function. Under stress conditions, when the cellular environment becomes unstable, autophagy is activated as an adaptive response for self-protection. Autophagy delivers damaged cellular components to lysosomes for degradation and recycling, thereby providing essential nutrients for cell survival. However, this function of promoting cell survival under stress conditions often leads to malignant progression and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Consequently, autophagy is considered a potential target for cancer therapy. Herein, we aim to review how natural products act as key modulators of autophagy by regulating cellular stress conditions. We revisit various stressors, including starvation, hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress, and their regulatory relationship with autophagy, focusing on recent advances in ovarian cancer research. Additionally, we explore how polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and other natural products modulate autophagy mediated by stress responses, affecting the malignant biological behavior of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss their roles in ovarian cancer therapy. This review emphasizes the importance of natural products as valuable resources in cancer therapeutics, highlighting the need for further exploration of their potential in regulating autophagy. Moreover, it provides novel insights and potential therapeutic strategies in ovarian cancer by utilizing natural products to modulate autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danbo Geng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Che L, Stevenson CK, Plas DR, Wang J, Du C. BRUCE liver-deficiency potentiates MASLD/MASH in PTEN liver-deficient background by impairment of mitochondrial metabolism in hepatocytes and activation of STAT3 signaling in hepatic stellate cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.13.611500. [PMID: 39314445 PMCID: PMC11419131 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.13.611500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is currently the most common liver disease, affecting up to 25% of people worldwide, featuring excessive fat accumulation in hepatocytes. Its advanced form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is a serious disease with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, increasing the need for liver transplants. However, the pathogenic mechanism of MASLD and MASH is not fully understood. We reported that BRUCE ( BIRC6) is a liver cancer suppressor and is downregulated in MASLD/MASH patient liver specimens, though the functional role of BRUCE in MASLD/MASH remains to be elucidated. To this end, we generated liver-specific double KO (DKO) mice of BRUCE and PTEN, a major tumor suppressor and MASLD/MASH suppressor. By comparing liver histopathology among 2-3-month-old mice, there were no signs of MASLD or MASH in BRUCE liver-KO mice and only onset of steatosis in PTEN liver-KO mice. Interestingly, DKO mice had developed robust hepatic steatosis with inflammation and fibrosis. Further analysis of mitochondrial function with primary hepatocytes found moderate reduction of mitochondrial respiration, ATP production and fatty acid oxidation in BRUCE KO and the greatest reduction in DKO hepatocytes. Moreover, aberrant activation of pro-fibrotic STAT3 signaling was found in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in DKO mice which was prevented by administered STAT3-specific inhibitor (TTI-101). Collectively, the data demonstrates by maintaining mitochondrial metabolism BRUCE works in concert with PTEN to suppress the pro-fibrogenic STAT3 activation in HSCs and consequentially prevent MASLD/MASH. The findings highlight BRUCE being a new co-suppressor of MASLD/MASH.
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Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digestion process by which misfolded proteins and damaged organelles in eukaryotic cells are degraded to maintain cellular homeostasis. This process is involved in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance of various tumors such as ovarian cancer (OC). Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have been extensively investigated in cancer research for their roles in the regulation of autophagy. Recent studies have shown that in OC cells, ncRNAs can modulate the formation of autophagosomes, which affect tumor progression and chemoresistance. An understanding of the role of autophagy in OC progression, treatment, and prognosis is important, and the identification of the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in autophagy leads to intervention strategies for OC therapy. This review summarizes the role of autophagy in OC and discusses the role of ncRNA-mediated autophagy in OC, as an understanding of these roles may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
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Hao X, Sun J, Zhong L, Baudry M, Bi X. UBE3A deficiency-induced autophagy is associated with activation of AMPK-ULK1 and p53 pathways. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114358. [PMID: 36849003 PMCID: PMC10073344 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deficiency of the maternally expressed UBE3A gene. The UBE3A proteins functions both as an E3 ligase in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and as a transcriptional co-activator for steroid hormone receptors. Here we investigated the effects of UBE3A deficiency on autophagy in the cerebellum of AS mice and in COS1 cells. Numbers and size of LC3- and LAMP2-immunopositive puncta were increased in cerebellar Purkinje cells of AS mice, as compared to wildtype mice. Western blot analysis showed an increase in the conversion of LC3I to LC3II in AS mice, as expected from increased autophagy. Levels of active AMPK and of one of its substrates, ULK1, a factor involved in autophagy initiation, were also increased. Colocalization of LC3 with LAMP2 was increased and p62 levels were decreased, indicating an increase in autophagy flux. UBE3A deficiency was also associated with reduced levels of phosphorylated p53 in the cytosol and increased levels in nuclei, which favors autophagy induction. UBE3A siRNA knockdown in COS-1 cells resulted in increased size and intensity of LC3-immunopositive puncta and increased the LC3 II/I ratio, as compared to control siRNA-treated cells, confirming the results found in the cerebellum of AS mice. These results indicate that UBE3A deficiency enhances autophagic activity through activation of the AMPK-ULK1 pathway and alterations in p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Hao
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Jiandong Sun
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Li Zhong
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Michel Baudry
- College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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Ehrmann JF, Grabarczyk DB, Heinke M, Deszcz L, Kurzbauer R, Hudecz O, Shulkina A, Gogova R, Meinhart A, Versteeg GA, Clausen T. Structural basis for regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by the BIRC6/SMAC complex. Science 2023; 379:1117-1123. [PMID: 36758105 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade8873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) bind to pro-apoptotic proteases, keeping them inactive and preventing cell death. The atypical ubiquitin ligase BIRC6 is the only essential IAP, additionally functioning as a suppressor of autophagy. We performed a structure-function analysis of BIRC6 in complex with caspase-9, HTRA2, SMAC, and LC3B, which are critical apoptosis and autophagy proteins. Cryo-electron microscopy structures showed that BIRC6 forms a megadalton crescent shape that arcs around a spacious cavity containing receptor sites for client proteins. Multivalent binding of SMAC obstructs client binding, impeding ubiquitination of both autophagy and apoptotic substrates. On the basis of these data, we discuss how the BIRC6/SMAC complex can act as a stress-induced hub to regulate apoptosis and autophagy drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian F Ehrmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel B Grabarczyk
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Heinke
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luiza Deszcz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Kurzbauer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Hudecz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Shulkina
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebeca Gogova
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Meinhart
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gijs A Versteeg
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Differential effects of the LncRNA RNF157-AS1 on epithelial ovarian cancer cells through suppression of DIRAS3- and ULK1-mediated autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:140. [PMID: 36805591 PMCID: PMC9941098 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of several databases showed that the lncRNA RNF157 Antisense RNA 1 (RNF157-AS1) is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues. In our study, suppressing RNF157-AS1 strikingly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and migration of EOC cells compared with control cells, while overexpressing RNF157-AS1 greatly increased these effects. By RNA pulldown assays, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, and mass spectrometry, RNF157-AS1 was further found to be able to bind to the HMGA1 and EZH2 proteins. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that RNF157-AS1 and HMGA1 bound to the ULK1 promoter and prevented the expression of ULK1. Additionally, RNF157-AS1 interacted with EZH2 to bind to the DIRAS3 promoter and diminish DIRAS3 expression. ULK1 and DIRAS3 were found to be essential for autophagy. Combination autophagy inhibitor and RNF157-AS1 overexpression or knockdown, a change in the LC3 II/I ratio was found using immunofluorescence (IF) staining and western blot (WB) analysis. The autophagy level also was confirmed by autophagy/cytotoxicity dual staining. However, the majority of advanced EOC patients require platinum-based chemotherapy, since autophagy is a cellular catabolic response to cell stress. As a result, RNF157-AS1 increased EOC cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and death under cis-platinum (DDP) treatment by suppressing autophagy, as confirmed by cell count Kit-8 (CCK8) assays, flow cytometry, and autophagy/cytotoxicity dual staining. Therefore, the OS and PPS times were longer in EOC patients with elevated RNF157-AS1 expression. RNF157-AS1-mediated autophagy has potential clinical significance in DDP chemotherapy for EOC patients.
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Bata N, Cosford NDP. Cell Survival and Cell Death at the Intersection of Autophagy and Apoptosis: Implications for Current and Future Cancer Therapeutics. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1728-1746. [PMID: 34927007 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are functionally distinct mechanisms for cytoplasmic and cellular turnover. While these two pathways are distinct, they can also regulate each other, and central components of the apoptosis or autophagy pathway regulate both processes directly. Furthermore, several upstream stress-inducing signaling pathways can influence both autophagy and apoptosis. The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis has an integral role in pathological processes, including those related to cancer, homeostasis, and aging. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, tightly regulated by various cellular and biochemical mechanisms, some of which have been the focus of drug discovery efforts targeting cancer therapeutics. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway whereby cells recycle macromolecules and organelles to generate energy when subjected to stress. Autophagy can act as either a prodeath or a prosurvival process and is both tissue and microenvironment specific. In this review we describe five groups of proteins that are integral to the apoptosis pathway and discuss their role in regulating autophagy. We highlight several apoptosis-inducing small molecules and biologics that have been developed and advanced into the clinic and discuss their effects on autophagy. For the most part, these apoptosis-inducing compounds appear to elevate autophagy activity. Under certain circumstances autophagy demonstrates cytoprotective functions and is overactivated in response to chemo- or radiotherapy which can lead to drug resistance, representing a clinical obstacle for successful cancer treatment. Thus, targeting the autophagy pathway in combination with apoptosis-inducing compounds may be a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bata
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Liu X, Tao J, Yao Y, Yang P, Wang J, Yu M, Hou J, Zhang Y, Gui L. Resveratrol induces proliferation in preosteoblast cell MC3T3-E1 via GATA-1 activating autophagy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1495-1504. [PMID: 34637502 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) could promote osteogenic activity, but its clinical application has been hampered in view of its poor bioavailability. Therefore, it is desirable to identify with certainty the molecular target of its bone mass boosting function, which is crucial to the design of an effective therapeutic strategy for the optimal treatment of osteoporosis. Emerging evidence has indicated that GATA-1, an important transcription factor in megakaryocyte and erythrocyte differentiation, can directly activate autophagy in erythrocytes, alluding to its impact on bone metabolism. In light of this, we sought to determine whether GATA-1 would be a putative target by which RSV would act on osteoblast proliferation and, if so, to explore the underlying mechanism involved in the process. We examined the cell viability, colony formation, cell cyclin expression, autophagy level, and the expression levels of GATA-1 and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) in osteoblastic cell strain MC3T3-E1. The results showed that RSV promoted the proliferation process in MC3T3-E1 coupled with increased expression of GATA-1 and phosphorylated AMPKα and activated autophagy. When GATA-1 was interfered with siRNA, both autophagy and proliferation were decreased. Administration of the agonist of phosphorylated AMPKα1 (Thr172) promoted the translocation of GATA-1 into the nucleus. Based on the above results, we concluded that RSV induces the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 by increasing GATA-1 expression, which thence activates autophagy; and of note, AMPKα is one of the upstream regulators of GATA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yueyi Yao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Juhui Wang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mali Yu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianhong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Faculty of Nursing, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650101, China
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Androgen Receptor-Mediated Nuclear Transport of NRDP1 in Prostate Cancer Cells Is Associated with Worse Patient Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174425. [PMID: 34503235 PMCID: PMC8430998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary NRDP1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been shown by our group and others to target ErbB3 for proteasomal degradation in prostate and breast cancer cells and thereby decrease the likelihood cancer progression. Our group has found that NRDP1 can be located in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm of prostate cancer (CaP) cells, which is unexpected as NRDP1 lacks a nuclear localization signal. Here we elucidate the mechanism by which nuclear translocation of NRDP1 can occur and demonstrate that nuclear NRDP1 retains its ubiquitin ligase activity. Our patient data and cell line studies indicate that increased levels of nuclear NRDP1 contributes CaP progression, thereby underscoring the clinical relevance of our findings and supporting continued investigation and elucidation of the specific role(s) played by NRDP1 in the nucleus of CaP cells. Abstract To our knowledge, our group is the first to demonstrate that NRDP1 is located in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm of CaP cells. Subcellular fractionation, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analysis combined with confocal microscopy were used to validate this finding. Subcellular fractionation followed by western blot analysis revealed a strong association between AR and NRDP1 localization when AR expression and/or cellular localization was manipulated via treatment with R1881, AR-specific siRNA, or enzalutamide. Transfection of LNCaP with various NRDP1 and AR constructs followed by immunoprecipitation confirmed binding of NRDP1 to AR is possible and determined that binding requires the hinge region of AR. Co-transfection with NRDP1 constructs and HA-ubiquitin followed by subcellular fractionation confirmed that nuclear NRDP1 retains its ubiquitin ligase activity. We also show that increased nuclear NRDP1 is associated with PSA recurrence in CaP patients (n = 162, odds ratio; 1.238, p = 0.007) and that higher levels of nuclear NRDP1 are found in castration resistant cell lines (CWR22Rv1 and PC3) compared to androgen sensitive cell lines (LNCaP and MDA-PCa-3B). The combined data indicate that NRDP1 plays a role in mediating CaP progression and supports further investigation of both the mechanism by which nuclear transport occurs and the identification of specific nuclear targets.
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Yu L, Shi Q, Jin Y, Liu Z, Li J, Sun W. Blockage of AMPK-ULK1 pathway mediated autophagy promotes cell apoptosis to increase doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer (BC) cells: an in vitro study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:195. [PMID: 33632157 PMCID: PMC7905888 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of autophagy flux contributed to resistance of breast cancer (BC) cells to current chemotherapeutic drugs, which seriously limited their therapeutic efficacy and facilitated BC recurrence in clinic. However, the detailed mechanisms are still not fully understood. In the present study, we identified that inactivation of AMPK-ULK1 signaling cascade mediated protective autophagy sensitized BC cells to doxorubicin in vitro. Methods Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation abilities. Trypan blue staining assay was used to examine cell viability, and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method was conducted to determine cell apoptosis. The autophagosomes in BC cells were observed and photographed by electronic microscope (EM). Western Blot analysis was employed to examine genes expressions at protein levels. Results The parental doxorubicin-sensitive BC (DS-BC) cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of doxorubicin to establish doxorubicin-resistant BC (DR-BC) cells, and the DR-BC cells were much more resistant to high-dose doxorubicin treatment compared to the DS-BC cells. Interestingly, high-dose doxorubicin specifically increased LC3B-II/I ratio, promoted autophagosomes formation and decreased p62 expression levels to facilitate autophagy in DR-BC cells, instead of DS-BC cells, and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced the cytotoxic effects of high-dose doxorubicin on DR-BC cells. In addition, we proved that high-dose doxorubicin triggered protective autophagy in DR-BC cells by activating AMPK-ULK1 pathway. Functionally, high-dose doxorubicin increased the expression levels of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and ULK1 (p-ULK1) to activate AMPK-ULK1 pathway in DR-BC cells, and the inhibitors for AMPK (compound C) and ULK1 (SBI-0206965) blocked autophagy to promote cell death and slow down cell growth in DR-BC cells treated with high-dose doxorubicin. Conclusions Collectively, our in vitro data indicated that blockage of AMPK-ULK1 signaling cascade mediated protective autophagy might be a promising strategy to increase doxorubicin sensitivity for BC treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07901-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yu
- Medicine Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingtao Shi
- Medicine Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Medicine Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Medicine Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Medicine Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenzhou Sun
- Medicine Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No.150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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Bishnu A, Phadte P, Dhadve A, Sakpal A, Rekhi B, Ray P. Molecular imaging of the kinetics of hyperactivated ERK1/2-mediated autophagy during acquirement of chemoresistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:161. [PMID: 33558461 PMCID: PMC7870816 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in key kinases and signaling pathways can fine-tune autophagic flux to promote the development of chemoresistance. Despite empirical evidences of strong association between enhanced autophagic flux with acquired chemoresistance, it is still not understood whether an ongoing autophagic flux is required for both initiation, as well as maintenance of chemoresistance, or is sufficient for one of the either steps. Utilizing indigenously developed cisplatin-paclitaxel-resistant models of ovarian cancer cells, we report an intriguing oscillation in chemotherapy-induced autophagic flux across stages of resistance, which was found to be specifically elevated at the early stages or onset of chemoresistance. Conversely, the sensitive cells and cells at late stages of resistance showed stalled and reduced autophagic flux. This increased flux at early stages of resistance was found to be dictated by a hyperactive ERK1/2 signaling, which when inhibited either pharmacologically (U0126/Trametinib) or genetically, reduced p62 degradation, number of LC3+veLAMP1+ve puncta, autophagolysosome formation, and led to chemo-sensitization and apoptosis. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation also altered the level of UVRAG and Rab7, the two key proteins involved in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Noninvasive imaging of autophagic flux using a novel autophagy sensor (mtFL-p62 fusion reporter) showed that combinatorial treatment of platinum-taxol along with Trametinib/chloroquine blocked autophagic flux in live cells and tumor xenografts. Interestingly, Trametinib was found to be equally effective in blocking autophagic flux as chloroquine both in live cells and tumor xenografts. Combinatorial treatment of Trametinib and platinum-taxol significantly reduced tumor growth. This is probably the first report of real-time monitoring of chemotherapy-induced autophagy kinetics through noninvasive bioluminescence imaging in preclinical mouse model. Altogether our data suggest that an activated ERK1/2 supports proper completion of autophagic flux at the onset of chemoresistance to endure initial chemotherapeutic insult and foster the development of a highly chemoresistant phenotype, where autophagy becomes dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniketh Bishnu
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, TMC, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Pratham Phadte
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, TMC, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Ajit Dhadve
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, TMC, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Asmita Sakpal
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, TMC, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Bharat Rekhi
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, TMC, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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12
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Alloza I, Salegi A, Mena J, Navarro RT, Martin C, Aspichueta P, Salazar LM, Carpio JU, Cagigal PDLH, Vega R, Triviño JC, Freijo MDM, Vandenbroeck K. BIRC6 Is Associated with Vulnerability of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249387. [PMID: 33317170 PMCID: PMC7763522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture can lead to cerebrovascular accident (CVA). By comparing RNA-Seq data from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) extracted from carotid atheroma surgically excised from a group of asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects, we identified more than 700 genomic variants associated with symptomatology (p < 0.05). From these, twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for further validation. Comparing genotypes of a hospital-based cohort of asymptomatic with symptomatic patients, an exonic SNP in the BIRC6 (BRUCE/Apollon) gene, rs35286811, emerged as significantly associated with CVA symptomatology (p = 0.002; OR = 2.24). Moreover, BIRC6 mRNA levels were significantly higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic subjects upon measurement by qPCR in excised carotid atherosclerotic tissue (p < 0.0001), and significantly higher in carriers of the rs35286811 risk allele (p < 0.0001). rs35286811 is a proxy of a GWAS SNP reported to be associated with red cell distribution width (RDW); RDW was increased in symptomatic patients (p < 0.03), but was not influenced by the rs35286811 genotype in our cohort. BIRC6 is a negative regulator of both apoptosis and autophagy. This work introduces BIRC6 as a novel genetic risk factor for stroke, and identifies autophagy as a genetically regulated mechanism of carotid plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraide Alloza
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (R.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Andrea Salegi
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (R.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Mena
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (R.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Raquel Tulloch Navarro
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (R.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - César Martin
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Lucía Martínez Salazar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osakidetza, Bilbao-Basurto IHO, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; (L.M.S.); (J.U.C.); (P.D.-l.-H.C.)
| | - Jon Uriarte Carpio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osakidetza, Bilbao-Basurto IHO, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; (L.M.S.); (J.U.C.); (P.D.-l.-H.C.)
| | - Patricia De-la-Hera Cagigal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osakidetza, Bilbao-Basurto IHO, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; (L.M.S.); (J.U.C.); (P.D.-l.-H.C.)
| | - Reyes Vega
- Neurovascular Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (R.V.); (M.d.M.F.)
| | | | - Maria del Mar Freijo
- Neurovascular Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (R.V.); (M.d.M.F.)
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (R.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Zhong K, Chen D, Wu Z, Wang X, Pan B, Chen N, Zhong W. [Effect of small interfering RNA-mediated BIRC6 silencing on apoptosis and autophagy of renal cancer 786-O cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1651-1655. [PMID: 33243730 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.11.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of BIRC6 in renal cancer tissues and investigate the effect of BIRC6 silencing on apoptosis and autophagy of 786-O cells. METHODS Twenty surgical specimens of renal cancer tissues and adjacent renal tissues were collected from Meizhou People's Hospital between February, 2016 and December, 2018 for detection of BIRC6 protein expression using immunohistochemistry. Renal cancer 786-O cells were transfected with a control small interfering RNA (siRNA) or BIRC6 siRNA via lipofectamine 2000, and the changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis following 5-FU treatment were assessed using CCK8 assay and flow cytometry; the expressions of autophagy-related proteins Beclin and LC3A/B were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The expression of BIRC6 protein was significantly higher in renal cancer tissues than in the adjacent renal tissues. Western blotting showed that siRNA-mediated silencing of BIRC6 significantly lowered the expression of BIRC6 in 786-O cells. In the cells with BIRC6 silencing, treatment with 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL 5-FU resulted in significantly higher proliferation inhibition rates than in the cells transfected with the control siRNA (P < 0.01). BIRC6 silencing also significantly increased the apoptosis rate of 786-O cells following 5-FU treatment (P < 0.01). The results of Western blotting showed that BIRC6 silencing significantly lowered the protein expressions of Beclin and LC3A/B in 786-O cells. CONCLUSIONS Interference of BIRC6 mediated by siRNA can inhibit autophagy and promote 5-FU-induced apoptosis to enhance the sensitivity of 786-O cells to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Zhong
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Nanhui Chen
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Weifeng Zhong
- Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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14
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Kumar S, Fairmichael C, Longley DB, Turkington RC. The Multiple Roles of the IAP Super-family in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107610. [PMID: 32585232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are a family of proteins that are mainly known for their anti-apoptotic activity and ability to directly bind and inhibit caspases. Recent research has however revealed that they have extensive roles in governing numerous other cellular processes. IAPs are known to modulate ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent signaling pathways through their E3 ligase activity and influence activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). In this review, we discuss the involvement of IAPs in individual hallmarks of cancer and the current status of therapies targeting these critical proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Fairmichael
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Turkington
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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15
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Chen Y, Wu J, Liang G, Geng G, Zhao F, Yin P, Nowsheen S, Wu C, Li Y, Li L, Kim W, Zhou Q, Huang J, Liu J, Zhang C, Guo G, Deng M, Tu X, Gao X, Liu Z, Chen Y, Lou Z, Luo K, Yuan J. CHK2-FOXK axis promotes transcriptional control of autophagy programs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax5819. [PMID: 31911943 PMCID: PMC6938702 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process, which plays a vital role in removing misfolded proteins and clearing damaged organelles to maintain internal environment homeostasis. Here, we uncovered the checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2)-FOXK (FOXK1 and FOXK2) axis playing an important role in DNA damage-mediated autophagy at the transcriptional regulation layer. Mechanistically, following DNA damage, CHK2 phosphorylates FOXK and creates a 14-3-3γ binding site, which, in turn, traps FOXK proteins in the cytoplasm. Because FOXK functions as the transcription suppressor of ATGs, DNA damage-mediated FOXKs' cytoplasmic trapping induces autophagy. In addition, we found that a cancer-derived FOXK mutation induces FOXK hyperphosphorylation and enhances autophagy, resulting in chemoresistance. Cotreatment with cisplatin and chloroquine overcomes the chemoresistance caused by FOXK mutation. Overall, our study highlights a mechanism whereby DNA damage triggers autophagy by increasing autophagy genes via CHK2-FOXK-mediated transcriptional control, and misregulation of this pathway contributes to chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jinhuan Wu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guohe Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Chengming Wu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lei Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Guijie Guo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300193 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Corresponding author.
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