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Ndlovu N, Kachapur RM, Beyene Y, Das B, Ogugo V, Makumbi D, Spillane C, McKeown PC, Prasanna BM, Gowda M. Linkage mapping and genomic prediction of grain quality traits in tropical maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Genet 2024; 15:1353289. [PMID: 38456017 PMCID: PMC10918846 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1353289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The suboptimal productivity of maize systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a pressing issue, with far-reaching implications for food security, nutrition, and livelihood sustainability within the affected smallholder farming communities. Dissecting the genetic basis of grain protein, starch and oil content can increase our understanding of the governing genetic systems, improve the efficacy of future breeding schemes and optimize the end-use quality of tropical maize. Here, four bi-parental maize populations were evaluated in field trials in Kenya and genotyped with mid-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Genotypic (G), environmental (E) and G×E variations were found to be significant for all grain quality traits. Broad sense heritabilities exhibited substantial variation (0.18-0.68). Linkage mapping identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the studied grain quality traits: 13, 7, 33, 8 and 2 QTLs for oil content, protein content, starch content, grain texture and kernel weight, respectively. The co-localization of QTLs identified in our research suggests the presence of shared genetic factors or pleiotropic effects, implying that specific genomic regions influence the expression of multiple grain quality traits simultaneously. Genomic prediction accuracies were moderate to high for the studied traits. Our findings highlight the polygenic nature of grain quality traits and demonstrate the potential of genomic selection to enhance genetic gains in maize breeding. Furthermore, the identified genomic regions and single nucleotide polymorphism markers can serve as the groundwork for investigating candidate genes that regulate grain quality traits in tropical maize. This, in turn, can facilitate the implementation of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs focused on improving grain nutrient levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Ndlovu
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rajashekar M. Kachapur
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Yoseph Beyene
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Biswanath Das
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Veronica Ogugo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dan Makumbi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charles Spillane
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter C. McKeown
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
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Sánchez-Velázquez OA, Luna-Vital DA, Morales-Hernandez N, Contreras J, Villaseñor-Tapia EC, Fragoso-Medina JA, Mojica L. Nutritional, bioactive components and health properties of the milpa triad system seeds (corn, common bean and pumpkin). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1169675. [PMID: 37538927 PMCID: PMC10395131 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1169675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The milpa system is a biocultural polyculture technique. Heritage of Mesoamerican civilizations that offers a wide variety of plants for food purposes. Corn, common beans, and pumpkins are the main crops in this agroecosystem, which are important for people's nutritional and food security. Moreover, milpa system seeds have great potential for preventing and ameliorating noncommunicable diseases, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, among others. This work reviews and analyzes the nutritional and health benefits of milpa system seeds assessed by recent preclinical and clinical trials. Milpa seeds protein quality, vitamins and minerals, and phytochemical composition are also reviewed. Evidence suggests that regular consumption of milpa seeds combination could exert complementing effect to control nutritional deficiencies. Moreover, the combination of phytochemicals and nutritional components of the milpa seed could potentialize their individual health benefits. Milpa system seeds could be considered functional foods to fight nutritional deficiencies and prevent and control noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Abel Sánchez-Velázquez
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Mexico
| | | | - Norma Morales-Hernandez
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Jonhatan Contreras
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Elda Cristina Villaseñor-Tapia
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mojica
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Mexico
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Mnisi CM, Oyeagu CE, Akuru EA, Ruzvidzo O, Lewu FB. Sorghum, millet and cassava as alternative dietary energy sources for sustainable quail production – A review. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1066388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversification and expansion of the poultry industry with fast-growing and highly prolific birds such as the quail (Coturnix coturnix), could contribute significantly in achieving global food and nutrition security. However, sustainable intensification of the quail relies on the cost of dietary ingredients used during feed formulations. The use of non-conventional energy sources such as sorghum, millet, and cassava in lieu of expensive energy sources such as maize, could ensure sustainable quail businesses. Generally, alternative feedstuffs should be cost-effective and possess comparable nutritional qualities as maize. In tropical countries such as South Africa, the use of sorghum, millet, and cassava in quail diets can serve as ideal alternatives because they have relatively comparable energy values as maize. Furthermore, these alternatives are largely available and easily accessible in many farming areas of South Africa. However, the presence of antinutritional factors such as tannins, cyanides and phytic acid, among others, as well as their high fiber levels may limit their utilization in quail nutrition. Nevertheless, attempts have been made to develop improved varieties with low antinutrient compositions, for instance, low-tannin sorghum varieties are increasingly being fed to poultry birds. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that certain processing techniques such as sun-drying, soaking, boiling and fermentation, among others, can lower the concentrations of antinutrients in these alternative feedstuffs, thus increasing their feeding value. To this end, nutritional feeding trials on the positive effects of sorghum, millet and cassava in quail nutrition are inconsistent, mainly due to differences in cultivar type, harvesting site or environmental conditions, sampling, and handling methods amongst other factors. Thus, the present review aimed to discuss the potential of substituting maize with sorghum, millet, and cassava in quail diets.
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Nutritional composition of maize grain associated with phosphorus and zinc fertilization. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ndlovu N, Spillane C, McKeown PC, Cairns JE, Das B, Gowda M. Genome-wide association studies of grain yield and quality traits under optimum and low-nitrogen stress in tropical maize (Zea mays L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4351-4370. [PMID: 36131140 PMCID: PMC9734216 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) demonstrated that multiple genomic regions influence grain quality traits under nitrogen-starved soils. Using genomic prediction, genetic gains can be improved through selection for grain quality traits. Soils in sub-Saharan Africa are nitrogen deficient due to low fertilizer use and inadequate soil fertility management practices. This has resulted in a significant yield gap for the major staple crop maize, which is undermining nutritional security and livelihood sustainability across the region. Dissecting the genetic basis of grain protein, starch and oil content under nitrogen-starved soils can increase our understanding of the governing genetic systems and improve the efficacy of future breeding schemes. An association mapping panel of 410 inbred lines and four bi-parental populations were evaluated in field trials in Kenya and South Africa under optimum and low nitrogen conditions and genotyped with 259,798 SNP markers. Genetic correlations demonstrated that these populations may be utilized to select higher performing lines under low nitrogen stress. Furthermore, genotypic, environmental and GxE variations in nitrogen-starved soils were found to be significant for oil content. Broad sense heritabilities ranged from moderate (0.18) to high (0.86). Under low nitrogen stress, GWAS identified 42 SNPs linked to grain quality traits. These significant SNPs were associated with 51 putative candidate genes. Linkage mapping identified multiple QTLs for the grain quality traits. Under low nitrogen conditions, average prediction accuracies across the studied genotypes were higher for oil content (0.78) and lower for grain yield (0.08). Our findings indicate that grain quality traits are polygenic and that using genomic selection in maize breeding can improve genetic gain. Furthermore, the identified genomic regions and SNP markers can be utilized for selection to improve maize grain quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Ndlovu
- Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Charles Spillane
- Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland.
| | - Peter C McKeown
- Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Jill E Cairns
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box MP163, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Biswanath Das
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Afrida E, Tampubolon K. Limiting Factors of Agronomic Characteristics for Maize Through Nutrient Omission Techniques. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2022.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Harish MN, Choudhary AK, Kumar S, Dass A, Singh VK, Sharma VK, Varatharajan T, Dhillon MK, Sangwan S, Dua VK, Nitesh SD, Bhavya M, Sangwan S, Prasad S, Kumar A, Rajpoot SK, Gupta G, Verma P, Kumar A, George S. Double zero tillage and foliar phosphorus fertilization coupled with microbial inoculants enhance maize productivity and quality in a maize-wheat rotation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3161. [PMID: 35210519 PMCID: PMC8873388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is an important industrial crop where yield and quality enhancement both assume greater importance. Clean production technologies like conservation agriculture and integrated nutrient management hold the key to enhance productivity and quality besides improving soil health and environment. Hence, maize productivity and quality were assessed under a maize–wheat cropping system (MWCS) using four crop-establishment and tillage management practices [FBCT–FBCT (Flat bed–conventional tillage both in maize and wheat); RBCT–RBZT (Raised bed–CT in maize and raised bed–zero tillage in wheat); FBZT–FBZT (FBZT both in maize and wheat); PRBZT–PRBZT (Permanent raised bed–ZT both in maize and wheat], and five P-fertilization practices [P100 (100% soil applied-P); P50 + 2FSP (50% soil applied-P + 2 foliar-sprays of P through 2% DAP both in maize and wheat); P50 + PSB + AM-fungi; P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP; and P0 (100% NK with no-P)] in split-plot design replicated-thrice. Double zero-tilled PRBZT–PRBZT system significantly enhanced the maize grain, starch, protein and oil yield by 13.1–19% over conventional FBCT–FBCT. P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP, integrating soil applied-P, microbial-inoculants and foliar-P, had significantly higher grain, starch, protein and oil yield by 12.5–17.2% over P100 besides saving 34.7% fertilizer-P both in maize and on cropping-system basis. P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP again had significantly higher starch, lysine and tryptophan content by 4.6–10.4% over P100 due to sustained and synchronized P-bioavailability. Higher amylose content (24.1%) was observed in grains under P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP, a beneficial trait due to its lower glycemic-index highly required for diabetic patients, where current COVID-19 pandemic further necessitated the use of such dietary ingredients. Double zero-tilled PRBZT–PRBZT reported greater MUFA (oleic acid, 37.1%), MUFA: PUFA ratio and P/S index with 6.9% higher P/S index in corn-oil (an oil quality parameter highly required for heart-health) over RBCT-RBCT. MUFA, MUFA: PUFA ratio and P/S index were also higher under P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP; avowing the obvious role of foliar-P and microbial-inoculants in influencing maize fatty acid composition. Overall, double zero-tilled PRBZT–PRBZT with crop residue retention at 6 t/ha per year along with P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP while saving 34.7% fertilizer-P in MWCS, may prove beneficial in enhancing maize productivity and quality so as to reinforce the food and nutritional security besides boosting food, corn-oil and starch industry in south-Asia and collateral arid agro-ecologies across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Harish
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Anil K Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India. .,ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 001, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anchal Dass
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.,ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - V K Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - T Varatharajan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - M K Dhillon
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Seema Sangwan
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
| | - V K Dua
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 001, India
| | - S D Nitesh
- CSA University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208 002, India
| | - M Bhavya
- University of Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577 204, India
| | - S Sangwan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Shiv Prasad
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.,ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275 103, India
| | - S K Rajpoot
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.,Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 005, India
| | - Gaurendra Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.,ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Prakash Verma
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.,ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Farm Science Centre, GAD Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tarn Taran, Punjab, 143 412, India
| | - S George
- Farm Science Centre, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Gonikoppal, Karnataka, 571213, India
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Maitra S, Brestic M, Bhadra P, Shankar T, Praharaj S, Palai JB, Shah MMR, Barek V, Ondrisik P, Skalický M, Hossain A. Bioinoculants-Natural Biological Resources for Sustainable Plant Production. Microorganisms 2021; 10:51. [PMID: 35056500 PMCID: PMC8780112 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural sustainability is of foremost importance for maintaining high food production. Irresponsible resource use not only negatively affects agroecology, but also reduces the economic profitability of the production system. Among different resources, soil is one of the most vital resources of agriculture. Soil fertility is the key to achieve high crop productivity. Maintaining soil fertility and soil health requires conscious management effort to avoid excessive nutrient loss, sustain organic carbon content, and minimize soil contamination. Though the use of chemical fertilizers have successfully improved crop production, its integration with organic manures and other bioinoculants helps in improving nutrient use efficiency, improves soil health and to some extent ameliorates some of the constraints associated with excessive fertilizer application. In addition to nutrient supplementation, bioinoculants have other beneficial effects such as plant growth-promoting activity, nutrient mobilization and solubilization, soil decontamination and/or detoxification, etc. During the present time, high energy based chemical inputs also caused havoc to agriculture because of the ill effects of global warming and climate change. Under the consequences of climate change, the use of bioinputs may be considered as a suitable mitigation option. Bioinoculants, as a concept, is not something new to agricultural science, however; it is one of the areas where consistent innovations have been made. Understanding the role of bioinoculants, the scope of their use, and analysing their performance in various environments are key to the successful adaptation of this technology in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Maitra
- Department of Agronomy, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakheundi 761 211, India; (S.M.); (T.S.); (S.P.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Preetha Bhadra
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakheundi 761 211, India;
| | - Tanmoy Shankar
- Department of Agronomy, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakheundi 761 211, India; (S.M.); (T.S.); (S.P.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Subhashisa Praharaj
- Department of Agronomy, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakheundi 761 211, India; (S.M.); (T.S.); (S.P.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Jnana Bharati Palai
- Department of Agronomy, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakheundi 761 211, India; (S.M.); (T.S.); (S.P.); (J.B.P.)
| | | | - Viliam Barek
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Ondrisik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Milan Skalický
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh;
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Lux PE, Schneider J, Müller F, Wiedmaier-Czerny N, Vetter W, Weiß TM, Würschum T, Frank J. Location and Variety but Not Phosphate Starter Fertilization Influence the Profiles of Fatty Acids, Carotenoids, and Tocochromanols in Kernels of Modern Corn ( Zea mays L.) Hybrids Cultivated in Germany. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2845-2854. [PMID: 33646789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate is a limiting plant nutrient and essential for corn growth and development. Thus, the impact of phosphate fertilization, location, and the variety of modern corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids on the profiles of fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocochromanols (vitamin E) was assessed in corn grains. Eight different corn hybrids were grown with (52.9 kg of phosphorus per ha) or without starter fertilizer at three experimental sites in Germany. Location (p < 0.05) and genetics (p < 0.001) but not phosphate fertilization significantly altered the concentrations of individual saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocochromanols. Significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects on the concentrations were mainly observed between the variety and the location. In conclusion, the choice of the corn variety had a more significant impact on the biosynthesis of fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocochromanols than the location or phosphate application on phosphate-sufficient soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Lux
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jeanine Schneider
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franziska Müller
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nina Wiedmaier-Czerny
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thea M Weiß
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Würschum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Ray K, Banerjee H, Dutta S, Sarkar S, Murrell TS, Singh VK, Majumdar K. Macronutrient Management Effects on Nutrient Accumulation, Partitioning, Remobilization, and Yield of Hybrid Maize Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1307. [PMID: 32983197 PMCID: PMC7492750 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to understand nutrient dynamics within different plant parts to correctly fine-tune agronomic advices, and to update breeding programs for increasing nutrient use efficiencies and yields. Farmer's field-based research was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) levels on dry matter and nutrient accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization dynamics in three popular maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (P3522, P3396, and Rajkumar) over two years in an alluvial soil of West Bengal, India. Experimental results revealed that NPK rates as well as different cultivars significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced the dry matter accumulation (DMA) in different plant parts of maize at both silking and physiological maturity. The post-silking dry matter accumulation (PSDMA) and post-silking N, P, and K accumulations (PSNA, PSPA, PSKA) were highest in cultivar P3396. However, cultivar P3522 recorded the highest nutrient remobilizations and contributions to grain nutrient content. Total P and K accumulation were highest with 125% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) while total N accumulation increased even after 150% RDF (100% RDF is 200 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, and 60 kg K2O ha-1 for the study region). Application of 125% RDF was optimum for PSDMA. The PSNA continued to increase up to 150% RDF while 125% RDF was optimum for PSPA. Cultivar differences significantly affected both remobilization efficiency (RE) and contribution to grain nutrient content for all tested macronutrients (N, P, and K). In general, RE as well as contribution to grain nutrient content was highest at 125% RDF for N and K, and at 100% RDF for P (either significantly or at par with other rates) for plots receiving nutrients. For all tested cultivars, nutrient remobilization and contribution to grain nutrient content was highest under nutrient-omission plots and absolute control plots. Both year and cultivar effects were non-significant for both grain and stover yields of maize. Application of 75% RDF was sufficient to achieve the attainable yield at the study location. The cultivar P3522 showed higher yield over both P3396 and Rajkumar, irrespective of fertilizer doses, although, the differences were not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05). The study underscores the importance of maize adaptive responses in terms of nutrients accumulation and remobilization at different levels of nutrient availability for stabilizing yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Ray
- Sasya Shyamala Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Sonarpur, India
| | - Hirak Banerjee
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Department of Agronomy, Mohanpur, India
| | - Sudarshan Dutta
- African Plant Nutrition Institute and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguérir, Morocco
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Department of Agronomy, Mohanpur, India
| | - T. Scott Murrell
- African Plant Nutrition Institute and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguérir, Morocco
- Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Vinod K. Singh
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaushik Majumdar
- African Plant Nutrition Institute and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguérir, Morocco
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Dutta S, Chakraborty S, Goswami R, Banerjee H, Majumdar K, Li B, Jat ML. Maize yield in smallholder agriculture system-An approach integrating socio-economic and crop management factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229100. [PMID: 32092077 PMCID: PMC7039445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yield gaps of maize (Zea mays L.) in the smallholder farms of eastern India are outcomes of a complex interplay of climatic variations, soil fertility gradients, socio-economic factors, and differential management intensities. Several machine learning approaches were used in this study to investigate the relative influences of multiple biophysical, socio-economic, and crop management features in determining maize yield variability using several machine learning approaches. Soil fertility status was assessed in 180 farms and paired with the surveyed data on maize yield, socio-economic conditions, and agronomic management. The C&RT relative variable importance plot identified farm size, total labor, soil factors, seed rate, fertilizer, and organic manure as influential factors. Among the three approaches compared for classifying maize yield, the artificial neural network (ANN) yielded the least (25%) misclassification on validation samples. The random forest partial dependence plots revealed a positive association between farm size and maize productivity. Nonlinear support vector machine boundary analysis for the eight top important variables revealed complex interactions underpinning maize yield response. Notably, farm size and total labor synergistically increased maize yield. Future research integrating these algorithms with empirical crop growth models and crop simulation models for ex-ante yield estimations could result in further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Dutta
- African Plant Nutrition Institute, Benguérir, Morocco
- * E-mail:
| | - Somsubhra Chakraborty
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, IIT Kharagpur, Kolkata, India
- IRDM Faculty Centre, RKMVERI, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | - Bin Li
- Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - M. L. Jat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, India
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Loss of p53 Sensitizes Cells to Palmitic Acid-Induced Apoptosis by Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246268. [PMID: 31842349 PMCID: PMC6941153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid, the most common saturated free fatty acid, can lead to lipotoxicity and apoptosis when overloaded in non-fat cells. Palmitic acid accumulation can induce pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Under various cellular stresses, the activation of p53 signaling can lead to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, or apoptosis, depending on the severity/type of stress. Nonetheless, the precise role of p53 in lipotoxicity induced by palmitic acid is not clear. Here, our results show that palmitic acid induces p53 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, loss of p53 makes cells sensitive to palmitic acid-induced apoptosis. These results were demonstrated in human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116) and primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) through analysis of DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry, colony formation, and Western blots. In the HCT116 p53−/− cell line, palmitic acid induced greater reactive oxygen species formation compared to the p53+/+ cell line. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) partially attenuated apoptosis in the HCT116 p53−/− cell line but had no obvious effect on the p53+/+ cell line. Furthermore, p53 induced the expression of its downstream target genes, p21 and Sesn2, in response to ROS induced by palmitic acid. Loss of p21 also leads to more palmitic acid-induced cell apoptosis in the HCT116 cell line compared with HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53−/−. In a mouse model of obesity, glucose tolerance test assays showed higher glucose levels in p53−/− mice that received a high fat diet compared to wild type mice that received the same diet. There were no obvious differences between p53−/− and p53+/+ mice that received a regular diet. We conclude that p53 may provide some protection against palmitic acid- induced apoptosis in cells by targeting its downstream genes in response to this stress.
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