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Ndlovu N, Kachapur RM, Beyene Y, Das B, Ogugo V, Makumbi D, Spillane C, McKeown PC, Prasanna BM, Gowda M. Linkage mapping and genomic prediction of grain quality traits in tropical maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Genet 2024; 15:1353289. [PMID: 38456017 PMCID: PMC10918846 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1353289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The suboptimal productivity of maize systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a pressing issue, with far-reaching implications for food security, nutrition, and livelihood sustainability within the affected smallholder farming communities. Dissecting the genetic basis of grain protein, starch and oil content can increase our understanding of the governing genetic systems, improve the efficacy of future breeding schemes and optimize the end-use quality of tropical maize. Here, four bi-parental maize populations were evaluated in field trials in Kenya and genotyped with mid-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Genotypic (G), environmental (E) and G×E variations were found to be significant for all grain quality traits. Broad sense heritabilities exhibited substantial variation (0.18-0.68). Linkage mapping identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the studied grain quality traits: 13, 7, 33, 8 and 2 QTLs for oil content, protein content, starch content, grain texture and kernel weight, respectively. The co-localization of QTLs identified in our research suggests the presence of shared genetic factors or pleiotropic effects, implying that specific genomic regions influence the expression of multiple grain quality traits simultaneously. Genomic prediction accuracies were moderate to high for the studied traits. Our findings highlight the polygenic nature of grain quality traits and demonstrate the potential of genomic selection to enhance genetic gains in maize breeding. Furthermore, the identified genomic regions and single nucleotide polymorphism markers can serve as the groundwork for investigating candidate genes that regulate grain quality traits in tropical maize. This, in turn, can facilitate the implementation of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs focused on improving grain nutrient levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Ndlovu
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rajashekar M. Kachapur
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Yoseph Beyene
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Biswanath Das
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Veronica Ogugo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dan Makumbi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charles Spillane
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter C. McKeown
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
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Mastrangelo AM, Cattivelli L. What Makes Bread and Durum Wheat Different? Trends Plant Sci 2021; 26:677-684. [PMID: 33612402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat (tetraploid) and bread wheat (hexaploid) are two closely related species with potentially different adaptation capacities and only a few distinct technological properties that make durum semolina and wheat flour more suitable for pasta, or bread and bakery products, respectively. Interspecific crosses and new breeding technologies now allow researchers to develop wheat lines with durum or bread quality features in either a tetraploid or hexaploid genetic background; such lines combine any technological properties of wheat with the different adaptation capacity expressed by tetraploid and hexaploid wheat genomes. Here, we discuss what makes bread and durum wheat different, consider their environmental adaptation capacity and the major quality-related genes that explain the different end-uses of semolina and bread flour and that could be targets for future wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Mastrangelo
- CREA Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, 29017, Italy.
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Ben Mariem S, Soba D, Zhou B, Loladze I, Morales F, Aranjuelo I. Climate Change, Crop Yields, and Grain Quality of C 3 Cereals: A Meta-Analysis of [CO 2], Temperature, and Drought Effects. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1052. [PMID: 34074065 PMCID: PMC8225050 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cereal yield and grain quality may be impaired by environmental factors associated with climate change. Major factors, including elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]), elevated temperature, and drought stress, have been identified as affecting C3 crop production and quality. A meta-analysis of existing literature was performed to study the impact of these three environmental factors on the yield and nutritional traits of C3 cereals. Elevated [CO2] stimulates grain production (through larger grain numbers) and starch accumulation but negatively affects nutritional traits such as protein and mineral content. In contrast to [CO2], increased temperature and drought cause significant grain yield loss, with stronger effects observed from the latter. Elevated temperature decreases grain yield by decreasing the thousand grain weight (TGW). Nutritional quality is also negatively influenced by the changing climate, which will impact human health. Similar to drought, heat stress decreases starch content but increases grain protein and mineral concentrations. Despite the positive effect of elevated [CO2], increases to grain yield seem to be counterbalanced by heat and drought stress. Regarding grain nutritional value and within the three environmental factors, the increase in [CO2] is possibly the more detrimental to face because it will affect cereal quality independently of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinda Ben Mariem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (D.S.); (F.M.)
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (D.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Bangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Irakli Loladze
- Bryan Medical Center, Bryan College of Health Sciences, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA;
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (D.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (D.S.); (F.M.)
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Ben Mariem S, Soba D, Zhou B, Loladze I, Morales F, Aranjuelo I. Climate Change, Crop Yields, and Grain Quality of C 3 Cereals: A Meta-Analysis of [CO 2], Temperature, and Drought Effects. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10061052. [PMID: 34074065 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061052`] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cereal yield and grain quality may be impaired by environmental factors associated with climate change. Major factors, including elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]), elevated temperature, and drought stress, have been identified as affecting C3 crop production and quality. A meta-analysis of existing literature was performed to study the impact of these three environmental factors on the yield and nutritional traits of C3 cereals. Elevated [CO2] stimulates grain production (through larger grain numbers) and starch accumulation but negatively affects nutritional traits such as protein and mineral content. In contrast to [CO2], increased temperature and drought cause significant grain yield loss, with stronger effects observed from the latter. Elevated temperature decreases grain yield by decreasing the thousand grain weight (TGW). Nutritional quality is also negatively influenced by the changing climate, which will impact human health. Similar to drought, heat stress decreases starch content but increases grain protein and mineral concentrations. Despite the positive effect of elevated [CO2], increases to grain yield seem to be counterbalanced by heat and drought stress. Regarding grain nutritional value and within the three environmental factors, the increase in [CO2] is possibly the more detrimental to face because it will affect cereal quality independently of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinda Ben Mariem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Bangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Irakli Loladze
- Bryan Medical Center, Bryan College of Health Sciences, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
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Ndimba RJ, Kruger J, Mehlo L, Barnabas A, Kossmann J, Ndimba BK. A Comparative Study of Selected Physical and Biochemical Traits of Wild-Type and Transgenic Sorghum to Reveal Differences Relevant to Grain Quality. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:952. [PMID: 28638394 PMCID: PMC5461292 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic sorghum featuring RNAi suppression of certain kafirins was developed recently, to address the problem of poor protein digestibility in the grain. However, it was not firmly established if other important quality parameters were adversely affected by this genetic intervention. In the present study several quality parameters were investigated by surveying several important physical and biochemical grain traits. Important differences in grain weight, density and endosperm texture were found that serve to differentiate the transgenic grains from their wild-type counterpart. In addition, ultrastructural analysis of the protein bodies revealed a changed morphology that is indicative of the effect of suppressed kafirins. Importantly, lysine was found to be significantly increased in one of the transgenic lines in comparison to wild-type; while no significant changes in anti-nutritional factors could be detected. The results have been insightful for demonstrating some of the corollary changes in transgenic sorghum grain, that emerge from imposed kafirin suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya J. Ndimba
- iThemba LABS, National Research FoundationCape Town, South Africa
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of StellenboschMatieland, South Africa
| | - Johanita Kruger
- Department of Food Science and Institute for Food Nutrition and Well-Being, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Luke Mehlo
- Enterprise Creation for Development Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial ResearchPretoria, South Africa
| | - Alban Barnabas
- iThemba LABS, National Research FoundationCape Town, South Africa
| | - Jens Kossmann
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of StellenboschMatieland, South Africa
| | - Bongani K. Ndimba
- Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-NietvoorbijStellenbosch, South Africa
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western CapeBellville, South Africa
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Ramli AB, Rafii MY, Latif MA, Saleh GB, Omar OB, Puteh AB. Generation mean analysis of grain quality traits in selected rice populations derived from different amylose characteristics. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:1593-1600. [PMID: 25982124 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic analysis using generation mean analysis is a tool for designing the most appropriate breeding approaches to developing varieties of rice. It estimates the gene actions that control quantitative traits, as well as the additive, dominance and epistatic effects. This study was conducted using three rice populations that were derived from parental lines with different amylose content. The aim was to partition the gene actions using generation mean analysis for the selected populations. RESULTS A scaling test was carried out to evaluate the fulfilment of the additive-dominance model. Non-allelic interaction was observed for milled grain length, length-to-width ratio and milled rice recovery of all populations evaluated. An additive-dominance model was not adequate for amylose, gel consistency, grain length, grain width, milled grain width and head rice recovery, thus epistasis was involved in the populations evaluated. The importance of additive gene action was observed for grain length, milled grain length and milled rice recovery for populations of high- and low-amylose parents. However, populations with intermediate- and high-amylose parents and intermediate- and low-amylose parents shared almost similar dominance gene actions for most of the physical grain quality traits. CONCLUSION These results suggested that delayed selection is the best approach for traits governed by dominance and epistasis effects. Meanwhile, the traits that were governed by additive effects should undergo thorough selection at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfaliza Bt Ramli
- Rice and Industrial Crop Research Centre, Seberang Perai MARDI Station, Locked Bag No. 203, Kepala Batas Post Office, 13200, Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Y Rafii
- Crop Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad A Latif
- Crop Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ghizan B Saleh
- Crop Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Othman B Omar
- Rice and Industrial Crop Research Centre, Seberang Perai MARDI Station, Locked Bag No. 203, Kepala Batas Post Office, 13200, Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Adam B Puteh
- Crop Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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