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Li Y, Brown SE, Li Y, Cheng Q, Wu H, Wei S, Li X, Lin C, Liu Z, Mao Z. Profiles of phenolics and their synthetic pathways in Asparagus officinalis L. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2024; 8:100187. [PMID: 38186632 PMCID: PMC10767369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The synthetic pathways of some phenolics compounds in asparagus have been reported, however, the diversified phenolics compounds including their modification and transcription regulation remains unknown. Thus, multi-omics strategies were applied to detect the phenolics profiles, contents, and screen the key genes for phenolics biosynthesis and regulation in asparagus. A total of 437 compounds, among which 204 phenolics including 105 flavonoids and 82 phenolic acids were detected with fluctuated concentrations in roots (Rs), spears (Ss) and flowering twigs (Fs) of the both green and purple cultivars. Based on the detected phenolics profiles and contents correlated to the gene expressions of screened synthetic enzymes and regulatory TFs, a full phenolics synthetic pathway of asparagus was proposed for the first time, essential for future breeding of asparagus and scaled healthy phenolics production using synthetic biological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Sylvia E. Brown
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yunbin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Qin Cheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - He Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Shugu Wei
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610023, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, YNAU, Kunming, China
- The Laboratory for Crop Production and Intelligent Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chun Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, YNAU, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, YNAU, Kunming, China
| | - Zichao Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, YNAU, Kunming, China
- The Laboratory for Crop Production and Intelligent Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Lai D, Zhang K, He Y, Fan Y, Li W, Shi Y, Gao Y, Huang X, He J, Zhao H, Lu X, Xiao Y, Cheng J, Ruan J, Georgiev MI, Fernie AR, Zhou M. Multi-omics identification of a key glycosyl hydrolase gene FtGH1 involved in rutin hydrolysis in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1206-1223. [PMID: 38062934 PMCID: PMC11022807 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Rutin, a flavonoid rich in buckwheat, is important for human health and plant resistance to external stresses. The hydrolysis of rutin to quercetin underlies the bitter taste of Tartary buckwheat. In order to identify rutin hydrolysis genes, a 200 genotypes mini-core Tartary buckwheat germplasm resource was re-sequenced with 30-fold coverage depth. By combining the content of the intermediate metabolites of rutin metabolism with genome resequencing data, metabolite genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) eventually identified a glycosyl hydrolase gene FtGH1, which could hydrolyse rutin to quercetin. This function was validated both in Tartary buckwheat overexpression hairy roots and in vitro enzyme activity assays. Mutation of the two key active sites, which were determined by molecular docking and experimentally verified via overexpression in hairy roots and transient expression in tobacco leaves, exhibited abnormal subcellular localization, suggesting functional changes. Sequence analysis revealed that mutation of the FtGH1 promoter in accessions of two haplotypes might be necessary for enzymatic activity. Co-expression analysis and GWAS revealed that FtbHLH165 not only repressed FtGH1 expression, but also increased seed length. This work reveals a potential mechanism behind rutin metabolism, which should provide both theoretical support in the study of flavonoid metabolism and in the molecular breeding of Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dili Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- College of AgricultureGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuqi He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yu Fan
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yaliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuanfen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiayue He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yawen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of AgricultureGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of MicrobiologyBulgarian Academy of SciencesPlovdivBulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and BiotechnologyPlovdivBulgaria
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and BiotechnologyPlovdivBulgaria
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyMax‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Gao R, Li G, Liu P, Gao L, Bi J, Jiang Y, Liu H, Wang Y. The quality evaluation of 30 Asparagus officinalis L. varieties. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2908-2916. [PMID: 38628221 PMCID: PMC11016430 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Asparagus, a vital economic contributor, is a well-liked vegetable grown around the globe, and some secondary metabolites in its spear are beneficial to human health. Asparagus spears possess a significant quantity of nutrients and phytochemicals; however, the difference in these chemical compositions among various varieties has not been sufficiently studied. This work aimed to detect the chemical compositions of 30 varieties of asparagus and to assess them by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the contents of these chemical compositions varied in varieties. Selenium (Se, 1.12-2.9 μg/100 g dry-weight [DW]) was abundant in asparagus, with an average dry matter content of 8.25%. Free amino acids (5.60-9.98 g/100 g DW) and polyphenols (6.34-8.67 mg/g DW) were both present in high amounts, along with flavonoids (4.218-8.22 mg/g DW) and protodioscin (0.44-1.96 mg/g DW). Correlation analysis, PCA, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of asparagus. Atlas, Appolo, Jinggang 111, Jingke 2, and WS-1 were the top five varieties with comprehensive scores. This study provided valuable data for the breeding, quality improvement, processing, and utilization of asparagus varieties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro‐ProductsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Guanghui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Biotechnology Research CenterShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Pingxiang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro‐ProductsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Lei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro‐ProductsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro‐ProductsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro‐ProductsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Yutao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro‐ProductsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanShandongChina
- Cooperative of Vegetable and Grain CultivationLiaocheng Yifeng BlocLiaochengShandongChina
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Cheng Q, Zeng L, Wen H, Brown SE, Wu H, Li X, Lin C, Liu Z, Mao Z. Steroidal saponin profiles and their key genes for synthesis and regulation in Asparagus officinalis L. by joint analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:207. [PMID: 37081391 PMCID: PMC10116787 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asparagus officinalis L. is a worldwide cultivated vegetable enrichened in both nutrient and steroidal saponins with multiple pharmacological activities. The upstream biosynthetic pathway of steroidal saponins (USSP) for cholesterol (CHOL) synthesis has been studied, while the downstream pathway of steroidal saponins (DSSP) starting from cholesterol and its regulation in asparagus remains unknown. RESULTS Metabolomics, Illumina RNAseq, and PacBio IsoSeq strategies were applied to different organs of both cultivated green and purple asparagus to detect the steroidal metabolite profiles & contents and to screen their key genes for biosynthesis and regulation. The results showed that there is a total of 427 compounds, among which 18 steroids were detected with fluctuated concentrations in roots, spears and flowering twigs of two garden asparagus cultivars. The key genes of DSSP include; steroid-16-hydroxylase (S16H), steroid-22-hydroxylase (S22H) and steroid-22-oxidase-16-hydroxylase (S22O-16H), steroid-26-hydroxylase (S26H), steroid-3-β-glycosyltransferase (S3βGT) and furostanol glycoside 26-O-beta-glucosidases (F26GHs) which were correlated with the contents of major steroidal saponins were screened, and the transcriptional factors (TFs) co-expressing with the resulted from synthetic key genes, including zinc fingers (ZFs), MYBs and WRKYs family genes were also screened. CONCLUSIONS Based on the detected steroidal chemical structures, profiles and contents which correlated to the expressions of screened synthetic and TFs genes, the full steroidal saponin synthetic pathway (SSP) of asparagus, including its key regulation networks was proposed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Liangqin Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Sylvia E Brown
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - He Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, YNAU, Kunming, China
- The Laboratory for Crop Production and Intelligent Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chun Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, YNAU, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, YNAU, Kunming, China.
| | - Zichao Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University (YNAU), Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Institute of Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, YNAU, Kunming, China.
- The Laboratory for Crop Production and Intelligent Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
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Truong TQ, Nguyen TT, Cho JY, Park YJ, Choi JH, Koo SY, Kim HY, Byun HG, Kim SM. Effect of processing treatments on the phytochemical composition of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen P, Liu S, Yin Z, Liang P, Wang C, Zhu H, Liu Y, Ou S, Li G. Rutin alleviated acrolein-induced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 and GES-1 cells by forming a cyclic hemiacetal product. Front Nutr 2022; 9:976400. [PMID: 36051900 PMCID: PMC9424909 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrolein (ACR), an α, β-unsaturated aldehyde, is a toxic compound formed during food processing, and the use of phenolics derived from dietary materials to scavenge ACR is a hot spot. In this study, rutin, a polyphenol widely present in various dietary materials, was used to investigate its capacity to scavenge ACR. It was shown that more than 98% of ACR was eliminated under the conditions of reaction time of 2 h, temperature of 80 °C, and molar ratio of rutin/ACR of 2/1. Further structural characterization of the formed adduct revealed that the adduct of rutin to ACR to form a cyclic hemiacetal compound (RAC) was the main scavenging mechanism. Besides, the stability of RAC during simulated in vitro digestion was evaluated, which showed that more than 83.61% of RAC was remained. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of RAC against Caco-2 and GES-1 cells was significantly reduced compared with ACR, where the IC50 values of ACR were both below 20 μM while that of RAC were both above 140 μM. And the improvement of the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by RAC might be one of the detoxification pathways. The present study indicated that rutin was one of the potential ACR scavengers among natural polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Chen
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Liang
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Shiyi Ou
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- South China National Center for Food Safety Research and Development, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqiang Li
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Effects of Mulching on Early-spring Green Asparagus Yield and Quality under Cultivation in Plastic Tunnels. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mulching significantly increases the crop yield and quality by positively affecting the physical features of the soil. The effect of multiple mulching treatments on soil temperature, yield, and nutrient composition of green asparagus grown in a plastic tunnel was assessed. Two mulch materials: transparent plastic film (PF) and rice husk (RH), were applied and compared with non-mulching treatment (CK). The soil temperatures at the soil surface and 10 cm below it were generally higher in the PF mulch than in the CK during the spring. PF mulch accelerated early spear emergence and growth, which led to harvesting 16 days earlier than in the CK. Under the PF mulch, the early yield of spears increased by 26.6% from January to the end of March, and the annual gross income by 14.8% because of the higher price resulting from the significantly higher marketable spear length and diameter; however, they were reduced in the RH mulch. Most nutrient compositions, such as soluble sugar, ascorbic acid, rutin, flavonoid content, and total antioxidant activity, were significantly increased in the PF mulch treatment. PF mulch might benefit green asparagus production during early spring because of its ability to promote early spear emergence and growth.
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Zhou C, Yang Y, Tian J, Wu Y, An F, Li C, Zhang Y. 22R- but not 22S-hydroxycholesterol is recruited for diosgenin biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:940-951. [PMID: 34816537 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin is an important compound in the pharmaceutical industry and it is biosynthesized in several eudicot and monocot species, herein represented by fenugreek (a eudicot), and Dioscorea zingiberensis (a monocot). Formation of diosgenin can be achieved by the early C22,16-oxidations of cholesterol followed by a late C26-oxidation. This study reveals that, in both fenugreek and D. zingiberensis, the early C22,16-oxygenase(s) shows strict 22R-stereospecificity for hydroxylation of the substrates. Evidence against the recently proposed intermediacy of 16S,22S-dihydroxycholesterol in diosgenin biosynthesis was also found. Moreover, in contrast to the eudicot fenugreek, which utilizes a single multifunctional cytochrome P450 (TfCYP90B50) to perform the early C22,16-oxidations, the monocot D. zingiberensis has evolved two separate cytochrome P450 enzymes, with DzCYP90B71 being specific for the 22R-oxidation and DzCYP90G6 for the C16-oxidation. We suggest that the DzCYP90B71/DzCYP90G6 pair represent more broadly conserved catalysts for diosgenin biosynthesis in monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201 Jiufeng Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jingyi Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Faliang An
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Changfu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201 Jiufeng Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201 Jiufeng Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Pegiou E, Zhu Q, Pegios P, De Vos RCH, Mumm R, Hall RD. Metabolomics Reveals Heterogeneity in the Chemical Composition of Green and White Spears of Asparagus ( A. officinalis). Metabolites 2021; 11:708. [PMID: 34677423 PMCID: PMC8538002 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green and white asparagus are quite different crops but can be harvested from the same plant. They have distinct morphological differences due to their mode of cultivation and they are characterised by having contrasting appearance and flavour. Significant chemical differences are therefore expected. Spears from three varieties of both green and white forms, harvested in two consecutive seasons were analysed using headspace GC-MS and LC-MS with an untargeted metabolomic workflow. Mainly C5 and C8 alcohols and aldehydes, and phenolic compounds were more abundant in green spears, whereas benzenoids, monoterpenes, unsaturated aldehydes and steroidal saponins were more abundant in white ones. Previously reported key asparagus volatiles and non-volatiles were detected at similar or not significantly different levels in the two asparagus types. Spatial metabolomics revealed also that many volatiles with known positive aroma attributes were significantly more abundant in the upper parts of the spears and showed a decreasing trend towards the base. These findings provide valuable insights into the metabolome of raw asparagus, the contrasts between green and white spears as well as the different chemical distributions along the stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Pegiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingrui Zhu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ric C. H. De Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Mumm
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert D. Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
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Hassanvand A, Saadatmand S, Lari Yazdi H, Iranbakhsh A. Biosynthesis of NanoSilver and Its Effect on Key Genes of Flavonoids and Physicochemical Properties of Viola tricolor L. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-021-01091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Bolhassani M, Niazi A, Tahmasebi A, Moghadam A. Identification of key genes associated with secondary metabolites biosynthesis by system network analysis in Valeriana officinalis. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:625-639. [PMID: 33829347 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Valeriana officinalis is a medicinal plant, a source of bioactive chemical compounds and secondary metabolites which are applied in pharmaceutical industries. The advent of ethnomedicine has provided alternatives for disease treatment and has increased demands for natural products and bioactive compounds. A set of preliminary steps to answers for such demands can include integrative omics for systems metabolic engineering, as an approach that contributes to the understanding of cellular metabolic status. There is a growing trend of this approach for genetically engineering metabolic pathways in plant systems, by which natural and synthetic compounds can be produced. As in the case of most medicinal plants, there are no sufficient information about molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways in V. officinalis. In this research, systems biology was performed on the RNA-seq transcriptome and metabolome data to find key genes that contribute to the synthesis of major secondary metabolites in V. officinalis. The R Package Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was employed to analyze the data. Based on the results, some major modules and hub genes were identified to be associated with the valuable secondary metabolites. In addition, some TF-encoding genes, including AP2/ERF-ERF, WRKY and NAC TF families, as well as some regulatory factors including protein kinases and transporters were identified. The results showed that several novel hub genes, such as PCMP-H24, RPS24B, ANX1 and PXL1, may play crucial roles in metabolic pathways. The current findings provide an overall insight into the metabolic pathways of V. officinalis and can expand the potential for engineering genome-scale pathways and systems metabolic engineering to increase the production of bioactive compounds by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, 7144165186, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Tahmasebi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, 7144165186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Moghadam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, 7144165186, Shiraz, Iran
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Döll S, Djalali Farahani-Kofoet R, Zrenner R, Henze A, Witzel K. Tissue-specific signatures of metabolites and proteins in asparagus roots and exudates. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:86. [PMID: 33795633 PMCID: PMC8016990 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere processes. However, little is known about exudate spatial distribution and regulation. We studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates, root outer (epidermis and exodermis), and root inner tissues (cortex and vasculature). The greatest differences were found between exudates and root tissues. In total, 263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions, with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' or 'phenylpropanoids and polyketides'. Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging. Tissue-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms. The proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct, in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and structures. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to 'lipid metabolism', 'biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites' and 'transport and catabolism', reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier, secreting secondary metabolites, and mediating water and nutrient uptake. Proteins more abundant in the inner tissue related to 'transcription', 'translation' and 'folding, sorting and degradation', in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth- and development-related processes. In summary, asparagus root fractions accumulate specific metabolites. This expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Döll
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Rita Zrenner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Andrea Henze
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany.
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Klare J, Rurik M, Rottmann E, Bollen A, Kohlbacher O, Fischer M, Hackl T. Determination of the Geographical Origin of Asparagus officinalis L. by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14353-14363. [PMID: 33103896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food authenticity concerning the geographical origin becomes increasingly important for consumers, food industries, and food authorities. In this study, nontargeted 1H NMR metabolomics combined with machine learning methodologies was applied to successfully distinguish the geographical origin of 237 samples of white asparagus from Germany, Poland, The Netherlands, Spain, Greece, and Peru. Support vector classification of the geographical origin achieved an accuracy of 91.5% for the entire sample set and 87.8% after undersampling the majority class. Important regions of the spectra could be identified and assigned to potential chemical markers. A subset of samples was compared to isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), an established method for the determination of origin of white asparagus in Germany. Here, SVM classification led to accuracies of 79.4% for NMR and 70.9% for IRMS. Finally, the classification of asparagus from different German regions was evaluated, and the influence of year and variety was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Klare
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Rurik
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Rottmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Bollen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 9, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Abdel-Salam EM, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Qahtan AA, Alam P. Genome-wide transcriptome variation landscape in Ruta chalepensis organs revealed potential genes responsible for rutin biosynthesis. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:43-56. [PMID: 33271156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ruta chalepensis L., most commonly known as 'fringed rue,' is an excellent and valuable bioactive plant that produces a range of complex flavonoids, of which rutin is the major compound present in this plant of great pharmaceutical and medicinal significance. The present study is a pioneering attempt to examine the changes in the transcriptomic landscape of leaf, stem, and root tissues and correlate this with rutin quantity in each tissue in order to identify the candidate genes responsible for rutin biosynthesis and to increase genomic resources in fringed rue. Comparative transcriptome sequencing of leaves, stems and roots were performed using the NovaSeq 6000 platform. The de novo transcriptome assembly generated 254,685 transcripts representing 154,018 genes with GC content of 42.60 % and N50 of 2280 bp. Searching assembled transcripts against UniRef90 and SwissProt databases annotated 79.7 % of them as protein coding. The leaf tissues had the highest rutin content followed by stems and roots. Several differentially expressed genes and transcripts relating to rutin biosynthesis were identified in leaves comparing with roots or stems comparing with roots. All the genes known to be involved in rutin biosynthesis showed up-regulation in leaves as compared with roots. These results were confirmed by gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Up-regulated genes in leaves as compared with roots enriched GO terms with relation to rutin biosynthesis e.g. action of flavonol synthase, biosynthetic mechanism of malonyl-CoA, and action of monooxygenase. Phylogenetic analysis of the rhamnosyltransferase (RT) gene showed that it was highly homologues with RT sequence from Citrus species and all were located in the same clade. This transcriptomic dataset will serve as an important public resource for future genomics and transcriptomic studies in R. chalepensis and will act as a benchmark for the identification and genetic modification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Qahtan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abdelrahman M, Nakabayashi R, Mori T, Ikeuchi T, Mori M, Murakami K, Ozaki Y, Matsumoto M, Uragami A, Tsujimoto H, Tran LSP, Kanno A. Comparative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of Susceptible Asparagus officinalis and Resistant Wild A. kiusianus Reveal Insights into Stem Blight Disease Resistance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1464-1476. [PMID: 32374863 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phomopsis asparagi is one of the most serious fungal pathogens, which causes stem blight disease in Asparagus officinalis (AO), adversely affecting its production worldwide. Recently, the development of novel asparagus varieties using wild Asparagus genetic resources with natural P. asparagi resistance has become a priority in Japan due to the lack of resistant commercial AO cultivars. In this study, comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of susceptible AO and resistant wild Asparagus kiusianus (AK) 24 and 48 h postinoculated (AOI_24 hpi, AOI_48 hpi, AKI_24 hpi and AKI_48 hpi, respectively) with P. asparagi were conducted to gain insights into metabolic and expression changes associated with AK species. Following infection, the resistant wild AK showed rapid metabolic changes with increased levels of flavonoids and steroidal saponins and decreased asparagusic acid glucose ester content, compared with the susceptible AO plants. Transcriptome data revealed a total of 21 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as the core gene set that displayed upregulation in the resistant AK versus susceptible AO after infection with P. asparagi. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of these DEGs identified 11 significantly enriched pathways, including flavonoid biosynthesis and primary metabolite metabolism, in addition to plant signaling and defense-related pathways. In addition, comparative single-nucleotide polymorphism and Indel distributions in susceptible AO and resistant AK plants were evaluated using the latest AO reference genome Aspof.V1. The data generated in this study are important resources for advancing Asparagus breeding programs and for investigations of genetic linkage mapping, phylogenetic diversity and plant defense-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takao Ikeuchi
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, 1534-1 Ayagawa, Ayauta, Kagawa, 761-2306 Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Mori
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, 1534-1 Ayagawa, Ayauta, Kagawa, 761-2306 Japan
| | - Kyoko Murakami
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, 1534-1 Ayagawa, Ayauta, Kagawa, 761-2306 Japan
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Atsuko Uragami
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8519 Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Akira Kanno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
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Development of an Oriental Medicine Discrimination Method through Analysis of Steroidal Saponins in Dioscorea nipponica Makino and Their Anti-Osteosarcoma Effects. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224022. [PMID: 31698850 PMCID: PMC6891741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent confusing Dioscorea nipponica (DN), an Oriental medicine, with Dioscorea quinquelobata (DQ) and Dioscorea septemloba (DS), a simple and accurate quantitative analysis method using HPLC combined with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed and verified with UPLC-QTOF/MS through identification of five saponin glycosides: protodioscin (1), protogracillin (2), pseudoprotodioscin (3), dioscin (4), and gracillin (5). The newly developed analysis method showed sufficient reproducibility (<1.91%) and accuracy (92.1%–102.6%) and was able to identify DN based on the presence of compound 3 (13.821 ± 0.037 mg/mL) and the absence of 5. Compound 1, which is present in DN at a relatively high level (159.983 ± 0.064 mg/mL), was also an important marker for identification. Among the three species, DN showed the strongest activation of apoptotic signaling in osteosarcoma cells, while the four compounds detected in DN showed IC50 values of 6.43 (1), 10.61 (2), 10.48 (3), and 6.90 (4). In conclusion, the strong inhibitory effect of DN against osteosarcoma was confirmed to be associated with 1 and 4, which is also related to the quantitative results. Therefore, the results of this study might provide important information for quality control related to Oriental medicine.
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