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Trinh P, Teichman S, Roberts MC, Rabinowitz PM, Willis AD. A cross-sectional comparison of gut metagenomes between dairy workers and community controls. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:708. [PMID: 39033279 PMCID: PMC11626760 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a nexus of routine antibiotic use and zoonotic pathogen presence, the livestock farming environment is a potential hotspot for the emergence of zoonotic diseases and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Livestock can further facilitate disease transmission by serving as intermediary hosts for pathogens before a spillover event. In light of this, we aimed to characterize the microbiomes and resistomes of dairy workers, whose exposure to the livestock farming environment places them at risk for facilitating community transmission of antibiotic resistant genes and emerging zoonotic diseases. RESULTS Using shotgun sequencing, we investigated differences in the taxonomy, diversity and gene presence of 10 dairy farm workers and 6 community controls' gut metagenomes, contextualizing these samples with additional publicly available gut metagenomes. We found no significant differences in the prevalence of resistance genes, virulence factors, or taxonomic composition between the two groups. The lack of statistical significance may be attributed, in part, to the limited sample size of our study or the potential similarities in exposures between the dairy workers and community controls. We did, however, observe patterns warranting further investigation including greater abundance of tetracycline resistance genes and prevalence of cephamycin resistance genes as well as lower average gene diversity (even after accounting for differential sequencing depth) in dairy workers' metagenomes. We also found evidence of commensal organism association with tetracycline resistance genes in both groups (including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ligilactobacillus animalis, and Simiaoa sunii). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the utility of shotgun metagenomics in examining the microbiomes and resistomes of livestock workers, focusing on a cohort of dairy workers in the United States. While our study revealed no statistically significant differences between groups in taxonomy, diversity and gene presence, we observed patterns in antibiotic resistance gene abundance and prevalence that align with findings from previous studies of livestock workers in China and Europe. Our results lay the groundwork for future research involving larger cohorts of dairy and non-dairy workers to better understand the impact of occupational exposure to livestock farming on the microbiomes and resistomes of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Trinh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Sarah Teichman
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Marilyn C Roberts
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Peter M Rabinowitz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Amy D Willis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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2
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Tian S, Liu T, Jiang J, Zhao X, Fan Y, Zhang W, Ma W, Guo T, Wang W, Liu Y. Salvia miltiorrhiza ameliorates endometritis in dairy cows by relieving inflammation, energy deficiency and blood stasis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1349139. [PMID: 38633614 PMCID: PMC11021767 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1349139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: According to traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, endometritis is caused by a combination of Qi deficiency, blood stasis, and external evil invasion. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese medicine that counteracts blood stasis and has additional demonstrated effects in boosting energy and restraining inflammation. Salvia miltiorrhiza has been employed in many traditional Chinese prescriptions that have proven effective in healing clinical dairy cow endometritis. Methods: the in vivo effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza in treating endometritis was evaluated in dairy cows. In addition, bovine endometrial epithelium cell inflammation and rat blood stasis models were employed to demonstrate the crosstalk between energy, blood circulation and inflammation. Network analysis, western blotting, qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in endometritis treatment. Results: The results demonstrate that treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza relieves uterine inflammation, increases blood ATP concentrations, and prolongs blood clotting times. Four of the six Salvia miltiorrhiza main components (SMMCs) (tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B) were effective in reversing decreased ATP and increased IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in an in vitro endometritis model, indicating their abilities to ameliorate the negative energy balance and external evil invasion effects of endometritis. Furthermore, in a blood stasis rat model, inflammatory responses were induced in the absence of external infection; and all six SMMCs inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Network analysis of SMMC targets predicted that Salvia miltiorrhiza may mediate anti-inflammation via the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway; anti-aggregation via the Platelet activation pathway; and energy balance via the Thermogenesis and AMPK signaling pathways. Multiple molecular targets within these pathways were verified to be inhibited by SMMCs, including P38/ERK-AP1, a key molecular signal that may mediate the crosstalk between inflammation, energy deficiency and blood stasis. Conclusion: These results provide mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza for endometritis achieved through Qi deficiency, blood stasis, and external evil invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiting Zhao
- Department of Women HealthCare, Changchun Lvyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weiling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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3
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Hamilton J, Jimenez E, Zarei P, Lection J, Sorto R, Hovingh E, Martinez M, Bas S, Barragan AA. Exploring vaginal discharge scoring to assess clinical metritis severity: Comparison between intrauterine dextrose and systemic antibiotics treatments. Vet J 2024; 304:106103. [PMID: 38522779 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess: 1) differences in the metabolic status, systemic inflammation, daily milk yield, and daily rumination time between Holstein dairy cows with different vaginal discharge scores (VDS) in the first 7±3 DIM, and 2) effects of intrauterine dextrose infusion on metabolic status, systemic inflammation, daily milk yield and daily rumination time in dairy cows with VDS4 and VDS5. Cows (n=641) from a farm located in central Pennsylvania were screened at 7±3 DIM (study d 0) to assess vaginal discharge scores. Vaginal discharge was scored using a five-point scale (i.e., 1- clear fluid, 2- <50% white purulent fluid, 3- >50% white purulent fluid, 4- red-brownish fluid without fetid smell, and 5- fetid red-brownish watery fluid). Cows with VDS4 and VDS5 were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) CONV (VDS4 n=15; VDS5 n= 23): two injections of ceftiofur (per label; 6.6 mg/Kg) 72 h apart; and 2) DEX (VDS4 n=15; VDS5 n=22): three intrauterine infusions of a 50% dextrose solution (1 L/cow) every 24 h. Cows that presented a VDS 1, 2, and 3 were categorized as normal vaginal discharge animals (NOMVDS; n=35) and were randomly selected and matched by parity to CONV and DEX cows. Daily milk yield and rumination time for the first 150 DIM were collected from on-farm computer records. Blood samples were collected to assess haptoglobin (HP) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations at study d 0, d 7, and d 14 relative to enrollment. Subclinical ketosis was defined as having a BHB concentration >1.2 mmol/dL at any of the sampling points. The data were analyzed using the MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS as a randomized complete block design. When comparing cows with different VDS (i.e., NOMVDS, VDS4, VDS5) separately, cows with VDS5 had the highest concentration of HP at enrollment compared to cows with VDS4 and NOMVDS; however, cows with VDS4 had higher concentrations of HP compared to cows with NOMVDS. Cows with VDS4 or VDS5 had a higher incidence of subclinical ketosis compared to cows with NOMVDS (p=0.005; VDS4= 62.08±9.16%; VDS5=74.44±6.74%; NOMVDS=34.36±8.53%). Similarly, daily milk yield (p<.0001; VDS4=30.17±1.32 kg/d; VDS5=27.40±1.27 kg/d; NOMVDS=35.14±1.35 kg/d) and daily rumination time (p=0.001; VDS4=490.77±19.44 min; VDS5=465±16.67 min; NOMVDS=558.29±18.80 min) was lower for cows with VDS4 and VDS5 compared to cows with NOMVDS at 7±3 days in milk. When analyzing HP concentration between treatment groups in cows with VDS4 (p=0.70), VDS5 (p=0.25), or VDS4 and VDS5 combined (p=0.31), there was no difference in HP concentration by study d 14 between treatment groups. Interestingly, when only cows with VDS4 were considered for treatment, both treatments, DEX and CONV, increased the daily milk yield to the levels of NOMVDS cows by 14 days in milk. On the other hand, when only cows with VDS5 were considered for treatment, cows treated with DEX produced, on average, 4.48 kg/d less milk in the first 150 days in milk compared to cows treated with CONV or cows that had NOMVDS. Similarly, when cows with either VDS4 or VDS5 were considered for treatment, DEX treatment also impaired milk yield. These results suggest that cows with either VDS 4 or 5 have an altered inflammatory status, and decreased milk yield and rumination compared to cows with NOMVDS. Furthermore, DEX treatment may have similar effects on daily milk yield and metabolic status compared to CONV in cows with VDS4, while DEX is not recommended for cows with VDS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hamilton
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - E Jimenez
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - P Zarei
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J Lection
- Intergraduate Degree Program in Integrative & Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - R Sorto
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - E Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - S Bas
- Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH Bvd Villa Maria Córdoba Argentina, 5220, Argentina
| | - A A Barragan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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4
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Garzon A, Portillo R, Habing G, Silva-Del-Rio N, Karle BM, Pereira RV. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli from dairy farms participating in an antimicrobial stewardship educational program for farm employees. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1645-1655. [PMID: 37806634 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals is under increasing scrutiny due to the potential effect on the selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that may be transmitted to humans by direct contact, with the food chain, or the environment. Novel data monitoring commensal Escherichia coli from dairy farms is essential for understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and their association with herd health management practices. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the E. coli isolates from the hospital, fresh, and mid-lactation pens from 18 conventional dairy farms participating in an educational training program in antimicrobial stewardship practices in California and Ohio, and (2) to characterize the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of commensal E. coli isolated from pooled fecal pat samples before and 3 mo after participating in the educational training program. Pooled fecal pat samples were collected from the hospital pen, the fresh pen (1 to 5 DIM), and the mid-lactation pens (90 to 150 DIM) on conventional dairies in CA (n = 9) and OH (n = 9). Fecal samples were collected as part of a larger study using a quasi-experimental design that assigned farms to the training intervention group (TG; 6 per state) or the control group (CG; 3 per state). For the TG, farm worker(s) identified as having the task of diagnosis and treatment of adult cows on the farm participated in a training program on antimicrobial stewardship practices. Pooled fecal samples (n = 7) were collected at enrollment and 3 mo after completing the intervention on each of the participating farms (n = 18), followed by culture for E. coli isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity testing using the broth microdilution methodology. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between E. coli antimicrobial resistance patterns with the training intervention and farm-level factors. No effect was observed in the prevalence of resistant isolates between the control and intervention farms after the training was delivered. Isolates from the hospital pens were 2.48 (95% CI: 1.06-6.22, P = 0.03) and 5.61 (95% CI: 1.94-16.91, P < 0.001) times, more likely to be resistant to streptomycin and chloramphenicol, respectively, than isolates from the mid-lactation pens. Our findings indicate there was a higher prevalence of AMR in E. coli associated with the hospital pen within the farm, while the training program for 3 mo did not affect the prevalence of AMR in E. coli on the farms participating in the program. Further research efforts should be conducted to identify factors driving AMR at the pen level, as well as approaches that could be used to reduce the risk of disseminating AMR from sick pens to animals being housed and to other pens on the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Garzon
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Rafael Portillo
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Gregory Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Noelia Silva-Del-Rio
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Tulare, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - Betsy M Karle
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland, CA 95963
| | - Richard V Pereira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616.
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5
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Collis RM, Biggs PJ, Burgess SA, Midwinter AC, Brightwell G, Cookson AL. Impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on the faecal microbiome in symptomatic dairy cows. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296290. [PMID: 38180967 PMCID: PMC10769045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human and animal health, with the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials suggested as the main drivers of resistance. Antimicrobial therapy can alter the bacterial community composition and the faecal resistome in cattle. Little is known about the impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on the faecal microbiome in dairy cows in the presence of disease. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on the faecal microbiome in dairy cows in the pastoral farm environment, by analysing faecal samples from cattle impacted by several different clinically-defined conditions and corresponding antimicrobial treatments. Analysis at the individual animal level showed a decrease in bacterial diversity and richness during antimicrobial treatment but, in many cases, the microbiome diversity recovered post-treatment when the cow re-entered the milking herd. Perturbations in the microbiome composition and the ability of the microbiome to recover were specific at the individual animal level, highlighting that the animal is the main driver of variation. Other factors such as disease severity, the type and duration of antimicrobial treatment and changes in environmental factors may also impact the bovine faecal microbiome. AmpC-producing Escherichia coli were isolated from faeces collected during and post-treatment with ceftiofur from one cow while no third-generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli were isolated from the untreated cow samples. This isolation of genetically similar plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing E. coli has implications for the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria and supports the reduction in the use of critically important antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M. Collis
- AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J. Biggs
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sara A. Burgess
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne C. Midwinter
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Adrian L. Cookson
- AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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6
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Ossa-Trujillo C, Taylor EA, Sarwar F, Vinasco J, Jordan ER, Buitrago JAG, Hagevoort GR, Lawhon SD, Piñeiro JM, Galloway-Peña J, Norman KN, Scott HM. Two-Dose Ceftiofur Treatment Increases Cephamycinase Gene Quantities and Fecal Microbiome Diversity in Dairy Cows Diagnosed with Metritis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2728. [PMID: 38004740 PMCID: PMC10673576 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant concern worldwide; meanwhile, the impact of 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC) antibiotics on the microbial communities of cattle and resistance within these communities is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of two-dose ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (2-CCFA) treatment on the fecal microbiota and on the quantities of second-and third-generation cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, and macrolide resistance genes in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in the southwestern United States. Across three dairy farms, 124 matched pairs of cows were enrolled in a longitudinal study. Following the product label regimen, CCFA was administered on days 0 and 3 to cows diagnosed with postpartum metritis. Healthy cows were pair-matched based on lactation number and calving date. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 6, and 16 and pooled in groups of 4 (n = 192) by farm, day, and treatment group for community DNA extraction. The characterization of community DNA included real-time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the following antibiotic resistance genes: blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M, mphA, qnrB19, and the highly conserved 16S rRNA back-calculated to gene copies per gram of feces. Additionally, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics analyses were used to determine differences in bacterial community composition by treatment, day, and farm. Overall, blaCMY-2 gene copies per gram of feces increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the treated group compared to the untreated group on day 6 and remained elevated on day 16. However, blaCTX-M, mphA, and qnrB19 gene quantities did not differ significantly (p ≥ 0.05) between treatment groups, days, or farms, suggesting a cephamycinase-specific enhancement in cows on these farms. Perhaps unexpectedly, 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic analyses showed that the fecal bacterial communities from treated animals on day 6 had significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) alpha and beta diversity than the untreated group. Two-dose ceftiofur treatment in dairy cows with metritis elevates cephamycinase gene quantities among all fecal bacteria while paradoxically increasing microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ossa-Trujillo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Ethan A. Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Fatima Sarwar
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Ellen R. Jordan
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75252, USA;
| | - Jose A. García Buitrago
- Department of Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources, New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM 88101, USA; (J.A.G.B.); (G.R.H.)
| | - G. Robert Hagevoort
- Department of Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources, New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM 88101, USA; (J.A.G.B.); (G.R.H.)
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Juan M. Piñeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
| | - Jessica Galloway-Peña
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Harvey Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.A.T.); (F.S.); (J.V.); (S.D.L.); (J.G.-P.)
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7
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Long NS, Hales KE, Berry ED, Legako JF, Woerner DR, Broadway PR, Carroll JA, Burdick Sanchez NC, Fernando SC, Wells JE. Antibimicrobial Susceptibility of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and 3rd-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates Enumerated Longitudinally from Feedlot Arrival to Harvest in High-Risk Beef Cattle Administered Common Metaphylactic Antimicrobials. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:252-260. [PMID: 37384919 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli threaten the preservation of antimicrobials to treat infections in humans and livestock. Thus, it is important to understand where antimicrobial-resistant E. coli persist and factors that contribute to its their development. Crossbred cattle (n = 249; body weight = 244 kg ±25 kg standard deviation) were blocked by arrival date and assigned metaphylactic antimicrobial treatments of sterile saline control, tulathromycin (TUL), ceftiofur, or florfenicol at random. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (COTR) and third-generation cephalosporin (CTXR)-resistant E. coli were isolated from fecal samples on days 0, 28, 56, 112, 182, and study END (day 252 for block 1 and day 242 for block 2). Then, susceptibility testing was conducted on all confirmed isolates. MDR was detected in both COTR and CTXR E. coli isolates. In COTR isolates, the number of antimicrobials each isolate was resistant to and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin was greatest on day 28 compared with all other days (p ≤ 0.04). Similarly, chloramphenicol MIC was greater on day 28 than on day 0 (p < 0.01). Overall, sulfisoxazole MIC was less for TUL than all other treatments (p ≤ 0.02), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MIC was greater for TUL than all other treatments (p ≤ 0.03). Finally, there was no effect of treatment, day, or treatment × day for tetracycline or meropenem MIC (p ≥ 0.07). In CTXR isolates, there was an effect of day for all antimicrobials tested except ampicillin and meropenem (p ≤ 0.06). In conclusion, administering a metaphylactic antimicrobial at feedlot arrival did influence the susceptibility of COTR and CTXR E. coli. However, MDR E. coli are widely distributed, and the MIC for most antimicrobials was not different from the initial value upon completion of the feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Long
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kristin E Hales
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Elaine D Berry
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jerrad F Legako
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Dale R Woerner
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Paul R Broadway
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Samodha C Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - James E Wells
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
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8
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Trinh P, Roberts MC, Rabinowitz PM, Willis AD. Differences in gut metagenomes between dairy workers and community controls: a cross-sectional study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.10.540270. [PMID: 37215025 PMCID: PMC10197731 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.540270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background As a nexus of routine antibiotic use and zoonotic pathogen presence, the livestock farming environment is a potential hotspot for the emergence of zoonotic diseases and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Livestock can further facilitate disease transmission by serving as intermediary hosts for pathogens as they undergo evolution prior to a spillover event. In light of this, we are interested in characterizing the microbiome and resistome of dairy workers, whose exposure to the livestock farming environment places them at risk for facilitating community transmission of antibiotic resistant genes and emerging zoonotic diseases. Results Using shotgun sequencing, we investigated differences in the taxonomy, diversity and gene presence of the human gut microbiome of 10 dairy farm workers and 6 community controls, supplementing these samples with additional publicly available gut metagenomes. We observed greater abundance of tetracycline resistance genes and prevalence of cephamycin resistance genes in dairy workers' metagenomes, and lower average gene diversity. We also found evidence of commensal organism association with plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance genes in both dairy workers and community controls (including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ligilactobacillus animalis, and Simiaoa sunii). However, we did not find significant differences in the prevalence of resistance genes or virulence factors overall, nor differences in the taxonomic composition of dairy worker and community control metagenomes. Conclusions This study presents the first metagenomics analysis of United States dairy workers, providing insights into potential risks of exposure to antibiotics and pathogens in animal farming environments. Previous metagenomic studies of livestock workers in China and Europe have reported increased abundance and carriage of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock workers. While our investigation found no strong evidence for differences in the abundance or carriage of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors between dairy worker and community control gut metagenomes, we did observe patterns in the abundance of tetracycline resistance genes and the prevalence of cephamycin resistance genes that is consistent with previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Trinh
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington
| | - Marilyn C Roberts
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Peter M Rabinowitz
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Amy D Willis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington
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9
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Levent G, Schlochtermeier A, Vinasco J, Jennings J, Richeson J, Ives SE, Norman KN, Lawhon SD, Loneragan GH, Scott HM. Long-Term Effects of Single-Dose Cephalosporin or Macrolide Use on the Prevalence of AmpC and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli in the Feces of Beef Cattle. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102071. [PMID: 36296347 PMCID: PMC9610231 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are serious public health threats. Due to an increasing number of reports of ESBL and AmpC producing Escherichia coli in agricultural settings, it is critical to understand the relationship between the use of two of the highest priority critically important human antibiotics (e.g., third generation cephalosporins [3GC] and macrolides) in food animals and their potential contribution to the selection of ESBL/AmpC E. coli. The objective of our randomized controlled feedlot trial was to measure the effects of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid and tulathromycin on 3GC resistant fecal E. coli populations in cattle before and at various time points after treatment up to and including at slaughter. Multi-level mixed-effects linear regression showed no effect of ceftiofur and tulathromycin on 3GC E. coli CFU counts at slaughter (Day 99); however, a significant (p < 0.05) population shift was observed from susceptible to 3GC resistant E. coli immediately after ceftiofur administration (Day 7). Among 799 fecal samples screened using selective media, 17.7% were ESBL/AmpC E. coli positive, which were further tested for phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility. The majority of the isolates from these plates were multidrug-resistant (94.3%) and expressed either AmpC (78.1%) or ESBL (28.1%) phenotype. A subset of isolates was whole-genome sequenced (n = 20) and identified to harbor chromosomal and/or plasmidal bla genes such as CMY-2, CTX-M, and TEM. Our findings show a time-dependent selection of antibiotics on 3GC-resistant E. coli. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant ESBL/AmpC E. coli found in cattle feces highlights the importance of prudent use of antibiotics in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Levent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | | | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Jenny Jennings
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - John Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Samuel E. Ives
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Long NS, Wells JE, Berry ED, Legako JF, Woerner DR, Loneragan GH, Broadway PR, Carroll JA, Sanchez NCB, Fernando SC, Bacon CM, Helmuth CL, Smock TM, Manahan JL, Hoffman AA, Hales KE. Metaphylactic antimicrobial effects on occurrences of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. measured longitudinally from feedlot arrival to harvest in high-risk beef cattle. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1940-1955. [PMID: 35766106 PMCID: PMC9546201 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our objective was to determine how injectable antimicrobials affected populations of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in feedlot cattle. METHODS AND RESULTS Two arrival date blocks of high-risk crossbred beef cattle (n = 249; mean BW = 244 kg) were randomly assigned one of four antimicrobial treatments administered on day 0: sterile saline control (CON), tulathromycin (TUL), ceftiofur (CEF) or florfenicol (FLR). Faecal samples were collected on days 0, 28, 56, 112, 182 and study end (day 252 for block 1 and day 242 for block 2). Hide swabs and subiliac lymph nodes were collected the day before and the day of harvest. Samples were cultured for antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. The effect of treatment varied by day across all targeted bacterial populations (p ≤ 0.01) except total E. coli. Total E. coli counts were greatest on days 112, 182 and study end (p ≤ 0.01). Tulathromycin resulted in greater counts and prevalence of Salmonella from faeces than CON at study end (p ≤ 0.01). Tulathromycin and CEF yielded greater Salmonella hide prevalence and greater counts of 128ERYR E. coli at study end than CON (p ≤ 0.01). No faecal Salmonella resistant to tetracyclines or third-generation cephalosporins were detected. Ceftiofur was associated with greater counts of 8ERYR Enterococcus spp. at study end (p ≤ 0.03). By the day before harvest, antimicrobial use did not increase prevalence or counts for all other bacterial populations compared with CON (p ≥ 0.13). CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in feedlot cattle is not caused solely by using a metaphylactic antimicrobial on arrival, but more likely a multitude of environmental and management factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S. Long
- Department of Animal & Food SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - James E. Wells
- USDA‐ARSU.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay CenterNebraskaUSA
| | - Elaine D. Berry
- USDA‐ARSU.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay CenterNebraskaUSA
| | - Jerrad F. Legako
- Department of Animal & Food SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Dale R. Woerner
- Department of Animal & Food SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- Texas Tech UniversitySchool of Veterinary MedicineAmarilloTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | - Samodha C. Fernando
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Carley M. Bacon
- Department of Animal & Food SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Cory L. Helmuth
- Department of Animal & Food SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Taylor M. Smock
- Department of Animal & Food SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Jeff L. Manahan
- Department of Animal & Food SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Ashley A. Hoffman
- Department of Animal & Food SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Kristin E. Hales
- Department of Animal & Food SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
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11
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Prevalence and Profiles of Antibiotic Resistance Genes mph(A) and qnrB in Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Dairy Calf Feces. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020411. [PMID: 35208866 PMCID: PMC8880659 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics to treat dairy calves may result in multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. This study investigated fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance genes among ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from dairy calves. Fresh fecal samples from 147 dairy calves across three age groups were enriched to select for ESBL-producing E. coli. Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone (qnrB), macrolide (mph(A)), and beta-lactam (blaCTX-M groups 1 and 9) resistance genes were identified by PCR and gel electrophoresis in ESBL-producing E. coli. Beta-lactamase variants and antibiotic resistance genes were characterized for eight isolates by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one (48.3%) samples were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli, with 159 (70.4%) isolates identified as blaCTX-M variant group 1 and 67 (29.6%) isolates as blaCTX-M variant group 9. Resistance gene mph(A) was more commonly associated with blaCTX-M variant group 1, while resistance gene qnrB was more commonly associated with variant group 9. E. coli growth was quantified on antibiotic media for 30 samples: 10 from each age group. Significantly higher quantities of ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli were present in the youngest calves. Results indicate the dominant blaCTX-M groups present in ESBL-producing E. coli may be associated with additional qnrB or mph(A) resistance genes and ESBL-producing E. coli is found in higher abundance in younger calves.
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12
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Garzon A, Habing G, Lima F, Silva-del-Rio N, Samah F, Pereira R. Defining clinical diagnosis and treatment of puerperal metritis in dairy cows: A scoping review. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3440-3452. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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13
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Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS. The resistome of the bovine gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:213-219. [PMID: 34492620 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tracts of beef and dairy cattle are reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, and our knowledge of the ecology of resistance in these animals has changed with the advent of novel molecular technologies. Application of metagenomics and qPCR to the study of bovine gut ecology has demonstrated that there is overlap, with some differences, between beef and dairy cattle fecal resistomes, that treatment with antimicrobials often transiently influences the resistome, and young calves carry a high abundance of ARGs. Future work should harness emerging metagenome sequencing technologies to better describe the taxa harboring ARGs and collocated non-resistance genes and use these data along with identifying the multiplicity of factors driving resistance to develop strategies to reduce AMR carriage in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA.
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
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14
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Long-read sequencing revealed cooccurrence, host range, and potential mobility of antibiotic resistome in cow feces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024464118. [PMID: 34161269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024464118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is well recognized that the environmental resistome is global, diverse, and augmented by human activities, it has been difficult to assess risk because of the inability to culture many environmental organisms, and it is difficult to evaluate risk from current sequence-based environmental methods. The four most important criteria to determine risk are whether the antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are a complete, potentially functional complement; if they are linked with other resistances; whether they are mobile; and the identity of their host. Long-read sequencing fills this important gap between culture and short sequence-based methods. To address these criteria, we collected feces from a ceftiofur-treated cow, enriched the samples in the presence of antibiotics to favor ARG functionality, and sequenced long reads using Nanopore and PacBio technologies. Multidrug-resistance genes comprised 58% of resistome abundance, but only 0.8% of them were plasmid associated; fluroquinolone-, aminoglycoside-, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-, and β-lactam-resistance genes accounted for 2.7 to 12.3% of resistome abundance but with 19 to 78% located on plasmids. A variety of plasmid types were assembled, some of which share low similarity to plasmids in current databases. Enterobacteriaceae were dominant hosts of antibiotic-resistant plasmids; physical linkage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes (CTX-M, TEM, CMY, and CARB) was largely found with aminoglycoside-, MLS-, tetracycline-, trimethoprim-, phenicol-, sulfonamide-, and mercury-resistance genes. A draft circular chromosome of Vagococcus lutrae was assembled; it carries MLS-, tetracycline- (including tetM and tetL on an integrative conjugative element), and trimethoprim-resistance genes flanked by many transposase genes and insertion sequences, implying that they remain transferrable.
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15
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Sheedy DB, Okello E, Williams DR, Precht K, Cella E, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. Effect of Antimicrobial Treatment on the Dynamics of Ceftiofur Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from Adult California Dairy Cows. Microorganisms 2021; 9:828. [PMID: 33919743 PMCID: PMC8070714 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy farm use of antimicrobial drugs (AMD) is a risk for the selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); however, these resistance dynamics are not fully understood. A cohort study on two dairy farms enrolled 96 cows with their fecal samples collected three times weekly, for the first 60 days in milk. Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated by spiral plating samples onto MacConkey agar impregnated with 0, 1, 8, 16 and 30 µg/mL ceftiofur. Negative binomial regression analyzed AMR over time. The continuum of ceftiofur concentrations permitted estimation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and analysis using interval regression. The most common systemic AMD was ceftiofur, administered in 94% of treatments (15/16 cows). Enterobacteriaceae did not grow in 88% of samples collected from non-AMD treated cows at 8 µg/mL ceftiofur. Samples from AMD treated cows had peak counts of resistant Enterobacteriaceae during AMD treatment and returned to baseline counts by 3-4 days post-treatment at 8 µg/mL. Sensitive Enterobacteriaceae (0-1 µg/mL ceftiofur) were reduced below pre-treated levels for 29-35 days post-AMD treatment. Population MIC peaked during AMD treatment and returned to baseline levels by 7-8 days. We conclude that the effect of systemic ceftiofur on the resistance of Enterobacteriaceae in early lactation dairy cows was limited in duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Sheedy
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Emmanuel Okello
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 95616, USA
| | - Deniece R. Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Katie Precht
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Elisa Cella
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Terry W. Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sharif S. Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 95616, USA
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Fan S, Foster D, Miller WG, Osborne J, Kathariou S. Impact of Ceftiofur Administration in Steers on the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020318. [PMID: 33557120 PMCID: PMC7913856 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to ceftiofur raises health concerns due to ceftiofur’s extensive veterinary usage and structural similarity with the human antibiotic ceftriaxone. Ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) and ceftiofur hydrochloride (CHCL) are ceftiofur types used therapeutically in cattle, but their potential impacts on Campylobacter prevalence and antimicrobial resistance remain unclear. In this study two groups of steers were each treated with CCFA or CHCL. In vivo active drug concentrations were measured and fecal samples were analyzed for Campylobacter for up to 42 days post-treatment. Following administration, the colonic concentration of ceftiofur initially increased then dropped to pre-treatment levels by day 8. The estimated prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was significantly (p = 0.0009) higher during the first week after CCFA treatment than after CHCL treatment (81.3% vs. 45.2%). Campylobacter jejuni predominated overall, with other Campylobacter spp. mainly identified in the first week after CCFA treatment. No treatment impacts were noted on ceftiofur minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. jejuni (10–20 μg/mL). More C. jejuni genotypes were detected in CCFA-treated than CHCL-treated steers. These findings suggest that ceftiofur did not significantly impact Campylobacter prevalence or ceftiofur MIC. However, CHCL may be preferable due to the lower likelihood of temporary increases in Campylobacter prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicun Fan
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Derek Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Jason Osborne
- Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-513-2075
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17
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Jeon SJ, Cunha F, Daetz R, Bicalho RC, Lima S, Galvão KN. Ceftiofur reduced Fusobacterium leading to uterine microbiota alteration in dairy cows with metritis. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:15. [PMID: 33509303 PMCID: PMC7844903 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metritis is an inflammatory uterine disease found in ~ 20% of dairy cows after parturition and associated with uterine microbiota with high abundance of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas. Ceftiofur is a common treatment, but the effect on uterine microbiota is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the short-term impact of ceftiofur on uterine microbiota structure and function in cows with metritis. Eight cows received ceftiofur (CEF) and 10 remained untreated (CON). Uterine swabs were collected for PCR and metagenomic analysis at diagnosis before treatment (5 ± 1 DPP) and 2 days after diagnosis/treatment (7 ± 1 DPP) from the same individuals. Seven CEF and 9 CON passed quality control and were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Ceftiofur treatment resulted in uterine microbiota alteration, which was attributed to a decrease in relative abundance of Fusobacterium and in gene contents involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, whereas uterine microbiota diversity and genes involved in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis increased. Ceftiofur treatment also reduced rectal temperature and tended to reduce total bacteria in the uterus. However, other uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides and Porphyromonas remained unchanged in CEF. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 37.5% of metritic cows tested but was not affected by CEF. We found that β-hydroxybutyric acid, pyruvic acid, and L-glutamine were preferentially utilized by Fusobacterium necrophorum according to metabolic activity with 95 carbon sources. CONCLUSIONS Ceftiofur treatment leads to alterations in the uterine microbiota that were mainly characterized by reductions in Fusobacterium and genes involved in LPS biosynthesis, which may be associated with a decrease in rectal temperature. The increase in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis indicates microbial response to metabolic stress caused by ceftiofur. Preference of Fusobacterium for β-hydroxybutyric acid may help to explain why this strain becomes dominant in the uterine microbiota of cows with metritis, and it also may provide a means for development of new therapies for the control of metritis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, 11548, USA.
| | - Federico Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rodolfo Daetz
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rodrigo C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Svetlana Lima
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Present Address: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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18
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Schmidt JW, Vikram A, Arthur TM, Belk KE, Morley PS, Weinroth MD, Wheeler TL. Antimicrobial Resistance at Two U.S. Cull Cow Processing Establishments. J Food Prot 2020; 83:2216-2228. [PMID: 32730612 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Culled beef cows (cows that have reached the end of their productive life span in cow-calf operations) and culled dairy cows represent approximately 18% of the cattle harvested in the United States annually, but data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these cull cattle are extremely limited. To address this data gap, colon contents were obtained from 180 culled conventional beef cows, 179 culled conventional dairy cows, and 176 culled organic dairy cows (produced without using antimicrobials). Sponge samples were also collected from 181 conventional beef, 173 conventional dairy, and 180 organic dairy cow carcasses. These samples were obtained on 6 days (3 days each at two beef harvest and processing establishments). At one establishment, 30 samples of beef manufacturing trimmings from conventional cows and 30 trim samples from organic dairy cows were acquired. All 1,129 samples were cultured for Escherichia coli, tetracycline-resistant (TETr) E. coli, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCr) E. coli, Salmonella, and 3GCrSalmonella. Metagenomic DNA was isolated from 535 colon content samples, and quantitative PCR assays were performed to assess the abundances of the following 10 antimicrobial resistance genes: aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aadA1, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M, blaKPC-2, erm(B), mecA, tet(A), tet(B), and tet(M). For colon contents, only TETrE. coli (P < 0.01), 3GCrE. coli (P < 0.01), and erm(B) (P = 0.03) levels were higher in conventional than in organic cows. Sampling day also significantly affected (P < 0.01) these levels. Production system did not affect the levels of any measured AMR on carcasses or trim. The human health impact of the few significant AMR differences could not be determined due to the lack of standards for normal, background, safe, or basal values. Study results provide key heretofore unavailable data that may inform quantitative microbial risk assessments to address these gaps. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Schmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933.,ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.]
| | - Amit Vikram
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933.,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-8356 [A.V.]
| | - Terrance M Arthur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933.,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.]
| | - Keith E Belk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523.,ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-8824 [K.E.B.]
| | - Paul S Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas 79016, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-2714 [P.S.M.])
| | - Margaret D Weinroth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523.,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-395X [M.D.W.]
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.]
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19
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Lardé H, Dufour S, Archambault M, Massé J, Roy JP, Francoz D. An observational cohort study on antimicrobial usage on dairy farms in Quebec, Canada. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1864-1880. [PMID: 33272584 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of antimicrobial usage (AMU) is crucial to measure the effect of intervention programs, to determine associations between usage and resistance, to compare populations, and for benchmarking purposes. The primary objective of the study was to describe quantitatively the AMU on Quebec dairy farms over 1 yr: (1) the total AMU, (2) the AMU per administration route (intramammary, injectable, oral, intrauterine), and (3) the AMU per antimicrobial class and according to the categorizations of Health Canada and the World Health Organization. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of several characteristics (herd size, level of milk production, and incidence rate of common infectious diseases) on AMU rate. The AMU data were obtained for 101 dairy farms randomly selected in 3 important Quebec dairy regions by collecting and recording all empty drug packaging and invoices for medicated feed (spring 2017 to spring 2018). The AMU rate was reported in number of Canadian defined course doses for cattle per 100 cow-years. The average herd size was 67 cows per farm, and 2/101 farms were certified organic. Overall, an estimated mean of 537 Canadian defined course doses for cattle/100 cow-years was observed. The intramammary route during lactation was the most frequently observed, followed, in decreasing order of usage, by oral route in the feed, intramammary route at drying-off, and injectable route. Oral (other than in animal feed) and intrauterine formulations were infrequently collected from the garbage cans. The 5 most frequently observed antimicrobial classes were, by decreasing order of usage, ionophores, penicillins, aminocoumarins, aminoglycosides, and polymyxins. Highest priority critically important antimicrobials as defined by the World Health Organization were mainly collected from intramammary formulations during lactation followed by injectable and drying-off intramammary formulations. The herd size was positively associated with the total AMU rate but not with the usage rate of highest priority critically important antimicrobials. Incidence of diseases along with preventive use of antimicrobials (drying-off and medicated feed with antimicrobials) explained 48% of the variance in total AMU rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lardé
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - S Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - M Archambault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - J Massé
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - J-P Roy
- Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - D Francoz
- Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale FRQNT Op+lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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20
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Taylor EA, Ossa-Trujillo C, Vinasco J, Jordan ER, García Buitrago JA, Hagevoort R, Norman KN, Lawhon SD, Piñeiro JM, Levent G, Scott HM. Use of critically important antimicrobial classes early in life may adversely impact bacterial resistance profiles during adult years: potential co-selection for plasmid-borne fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance via extended-spectrum beta-lactam use in dairy cattle. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:220-224. [PMID: 33098671 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes commonly occurs via vertical and horizontal gene transfer, as such genes are often found on the same mobile genetic element. This occurrence can lead to the co-selection of resistance to antimicrobials without their application. Dairy cattle located in the south-western United States were enrolled in a matched-pair longitudinal study to evaluate the effects of a two-dose ceftiofur treatment for metritis on levels of third-generation cephalosporin resistance among faecal Escherichia coli temporally. Escherichia coli chosen for further investigation were isolated on selective media, harboured extended-spectrum beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance genes. This combination has previously been unreported; importantly, it included genes encoding for resistance to antibiotics that can only be used in dairy cattle less than 20 months of age. Fluoroquinolones, macrolides and third and higher generation cephalosporins are considered critically important and highest priority for human medicine by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - C Ossa-Trujillo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Science, Universidad del Bosque, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - J Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - E R Jordan
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - R Hagevoort
- Department of Animal Science, New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM, USA
| | - K N Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J M Piñeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - G Levent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - H M Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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21
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Ogunrinu OJ, Norman KN, Vinasco J, Levent G, Lawhon SD, Fajt VR, Volkova VV, Gaire T, Poole TL, Genovese KJ, Wittum TE, Scott HM. Can the use of older-generation beta-lactam antibiotics in livestock production over-select for beta-lactamases of greatest consequence for human medicine? An in vitro experimental model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242195. [PMID: 33196662 PMCID: PMC7668573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though carbapenems are not licensed for use in food animals in the U.S., carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae has been identified in farm animals and their environments. The objective of our study was to determine the extent to which older-generation β-lactam antibiotics approved for use in food animals in the U.S. might differentially select for resistance to antibiotics of critical importance to human health, such as carbapenems. Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from humans, food animals, or the environment bearing a single β-lactamase gene (n = 20 each) for blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, and blaCTX-M-* or else blaKPC/IMP/NDM (due to limited availability, often in combination with other bla genes), were identified, along with 20 E. coli strains lacking any known beta-lactamase genes. Baseline estimates of intrinsic bacterial fitness were derived from the population growth curves. Effects of ampicillin (32 μg/mL), ceftriaxone (4 μg/mL) and meropenem (4 μg/mL) on each strain and resistance-group also were assessed. Further, in vitro batch cultures were prepared by mixing equal concentrations of 10 representative E. coli strains (two from each resistance gene group), and each mixture was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in non-antibiotic cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton II (CAMH-2) broth, ampicillin + CAMH-2 broth (at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μg/mL) and ceftiofur + CAMH-2 broth (at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8μg/mL). Relative and absolute abundance of resistance-groups were estimated phenotypically. Line plots of the raw data were generated, and non-linear Gompertz models and multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models were fitted to the data. The observed strain growth rate distributions were significantly different across the groups. AmpC strains (i.e., blaCMY-2) had distinctly less robust (p < 0.05) growth in ceftriaxone (4 μg/mL) compared to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers harboring blaCTX-M-*variants. With increasing beta-lactam antibiotic concentrations, relative proportions of ESBLs and CREs were over-represented in the mixed bacterial communities; importantly, this was more pronounced with ceftiofur than with ampicillin. These results indicate that aminopenicillins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins would be expected to propagate carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in food animals if and when Enterobacteriaceae from human health care settings enter the food animal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju J. Ogunrinu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gizem Levent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Virginia R. Fajt
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Victoria V. Volkova
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Tara Gaire
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Toni L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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22
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Álvarez-Narváez S, Berghaus LJ, Morris ERA, Willingham-Lane JM, Slovis NM, Giguere S, Cohen ND. A Common Practice of Widespread Antimicrobial Use in Horse Production Promotes Multi-Drug Resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:911. [PMID: 31969575 PMCID: PMC6976650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The practice of prophylactic administration of a macrolide antimicrobial with rifampin (MaR) to apparently healthy foals with pulmonary lesions identified by thoracic ultrasonography (i.e., subclinically pneumonic foals) is common in the United States. The practice has been associated epidemiologically with emergence of R. equi resistant to MaR. Here, we report direct evidence of multi-drug resistance among foals treated with MaR. In silico and in vitro analysis of the fecal microbiome and resistome of 38 subclinically pneumonic foals treated with either MaR (n = 19) or gallium maltolate (GaM; n = 19) and 19 untreated controls was performed. Treatment with MaR, but not GaM, significantly decreased fecal microbiota abundance and diversity, and expanded the abundance and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes in feces. Soil plots experimentally infected with Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) and treated with MaR selected for MaR-resistant R. equi, whereas MaR-susceptible R. equi out-competed resistant isolates in GaM-treated or untreated plots. Our results indicate that MaR use promotes multi-drug resistance in R. equi and commensals that are shed into their environment where they can persist and potentially infect or colonize horses and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Álvarez-Narváez
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga, USA
| | - L J Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga, USA
| | - E R A Morris
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J M Willingham-Lane
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga, USA
| | - N M Slovis
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - S Giguere
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga, USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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