1
|
Shinsato RN, Correa CG, Herai RH. Genetic network analysis indicate that individuals affected by neurodevelopmental conditions have genetic variations associated with ophthalmologic alterations: A critical review of literature. Gene 2024; 908:148246. [PMID: 38325665 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the nervous system are related to a wide range of mental disorders, which include neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) that are characterized by early onset mental conditions, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders and correlated conditions (ASD). Previous studies have shown distinct genetic components associated with diverse schizophrenia and ASD phenotypes, with mostly focused on rescuing neural phenotypes and brain activity, but alterations related to vision are overlooked. Thus, as the vision is composed by the eyes that itself represents a part of the brain, with the retina being formed by neurons and cells originating from the glia, genetic variations affecting the brain can also affect the vision. Here, we performed a critical systematic literature review to screen for all genetic variations in individuals presenting NDD with reported alterations in vision. Using these restricting criteria, we found 20 genes with distinct types of genetic variations, inherited or de novo, that includes SNP, SNV, deletion, insertion, duplication or indel. The variations occurring within protein coding regions have different impact on protein formation, such as missense, nonsense or frameshift. Moreover, a molecular analysis of the 20 genes found revealed that 17 shared a common protein-protein or genetic interaction network. Moreover, gene expression analysis in samples from the brain and other tissues indicates that 18 of the genes found are highly expressed in the brain and retina, indicating their potential role in adult vision phenotype. Finally, we only found 3 genes from our study described in standard public databanks of ophthalmogenetics, suggesting that the other 17 genes could be novel target for vision diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogério N Shinsato
- Unisalesiano, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Neurogenetics (LaBiN/LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil.
| | - Camila Graczyk Correa
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Neurogenetics (LaBiN/LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Neurogenetics (LaBiN/LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil; Research Division, Buko Kaesemodel Institute (IBK), Curitiba, Paraná 80240-000, Brazil; Research Division, 9p Brazil Association (A9pB), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97060-580, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Patasova K, Khawaja AP, Wojciechowski R, Mahroo OA, Falchi M, Rahi JS, Hammond CJ, Hysi PG. A genome-wide analysis of 340 318 participants identifies four novel loci associated with the age of first spectacle wear. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3012-3019. [PMID: 35220419 PMCID: PMC9433727 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractive errors, particularly myopia, are the most common eye conditions, often leading to serious visual impairment. The age of onset is correlated with the severity of refractive error in adulthood observed in epidemiological and genetic studies and can be used as a proxy in refractive error genetic studies. To further elucidate genetic factors that influence refractive error, we analysed self-reported age of refractive error correction data from the UK Biobank European and perform genome-wide time-to-event analyses on the age of first spectacle wear (AFSW). Genome-wide proportional hazards ratio analyses were conducted in 340 318 European subjects. We subsequently assessed the similarities and differences in the genetic architectures of refractive error correction from different causes. All-cause AFSW was genetically strongly correlated (rg = -0.68) with spherical equivalent (the measured strength of spectacle lens required to correct the refractive error) and was used as a proxy for refractive error. Time-to-event analyses found genome-wide significant associations at 44 independent genomic loci, many of which (GJD2, LAMA2, etc.) were previously associated with refractive error. We also identified six novel regions associated with AFSW, the most significant of which was on chromosome 17q (P = 3.06 × 10-09 for rs55882072), replicating in an independent dataset. We found that genes associated with AFSW were significantly enriched for expression in central nervous system tissues and were involved in neurogenesis. This work demonstrates the merits of time-to-event study design in the genetic investigation of refractive error and contributes additional knowledge on its genetic risk factors in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Patasova
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Omar A Mahroo
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas’ Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jugnoo S Rahi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Chris J Hammond
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)2071888545; Fax: +44 (0)2071886761;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kassam I, Foo LL, Lanca C, Xu L, Hoang QV, Cheng CY, Hysi P, Saw SM. The potential of current polygenic risk scores to predict high myopia and myopic macular degeneration in multi-ethnic Singapore adults. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:890-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
4
|
Haarman AEG, Tedja MS, Brussee C, Enthoven CA, van Rijn GA, Vingerling JR, Keunen JEE, Boon CJF, Geerards AJM, Luyten GPM, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. Prevalence of Myopic Macular Features in Dutch Individuals of European Ancestry With High Myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 140:115-123. [PMID: 34913968 PMCID: PMC8678902 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Question What is the prevalence of myopic macular degeneration in Dutch individuals of European ancestry with high myopia? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 626 individuals with European ancestry with high myopia, the prevalence of myopic macular degeneration was 25.9% and increased with older age, lower spherical equivalent of refractive error, and higher axial length. Meaning Myopic retinal features were frequent in this highly myopic study population, but not different than patients of Asian ancestry with similar risk profiles. Importance High myopia incidence and prevalence is increasing worldwide, and the visual burden caused by myopia is expected to rise accordingly. Studies investigating the occurrence of myopic complications in individuals of European ancestry with high myopia are scarce, hampering insights into the frequency of myopic retinal complications in European individuals and their visual burden. Objective To assess the frequency of myopic macular features in individuals of European ancestry with high myopia. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional analysis of the Dutch Myopia Study (MYST) and individuals with high myopia from the Rotterdam Study (RS) included 626 patients with high myopia (spherical equivalent of refractive error [SER] ≤−6 diopters [D] or axial length [AL] ≥26 mm) who underwent an extensive ophthalmic examination including multimodal retinal imaging. In addition to this combination of a population-based cohort study and mix-based high myopia study, a systematic literature review was also performed to compare findings with studies of individuals of Asian ancestry. Exposures High myopia, age, and AL. Main Outcomes and Measures Frequency of myopic macular and optic disc features: tessellated fundus, myopic macular degeneration (MMD), staphyloma, peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation, peripapillary atrophy (PPA), and “plus” lesions (choroidal neovascularization, Fuchs spot, and lacquer cracks). Results The mean (SD) SER of the combined study population (MYST and RS) was −9.9 (3.2) D; the mean (SD) age was 51.4 (15.1) years, and 387 (61.8%) were women. The prevalence of MMD was 25.9% and increased with older age (P for trend <.001), lower SER (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.65-0.76; P < .001), and higher AL (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.13-3.06; P < .001). Choroidal neovascularization or Fuchs spot was present in 2.7% (n = 17), both lesions in 0.3% (n = 2), and lacquer cracks in 1.4% (n = 9). Staphyloma, PPA, and MMD were highly prevalent in visual impaired and blind eyes (frequency was 73.9% [20 of 27], 90.5% [19 of 21], and 63.0% [17 of 27] of unilateral blind eyes for MMD, staphyloma, and PPA, respectively). Seven previous studies in Asian populations reported a variable MMD frequency ranging from 8.3% to 64%, but frequencies were similar for comparable risk profiles based on age and SER. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of a highly myopic Dutch population of European ancestry, myopic retinal features were frequent; were associated with age, SER, and AL; and occurred in all visually severely impaired eyes. The absence of treatment options for most of these retinal complications emphasizes the need for effective strategies to prevent high myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annechien E G Haarman
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milly S Tedja
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Corina Brussee
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clair A Enthoven
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwyneth A van Rijn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan E E Keunen
- Radboudumc, Department of Ophthalmology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gré P M Luyten
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Radboudumc, Department of Ophthalmology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miller JP, Moldenhauer HJ, Keros S, Meredith AL. An emerging spectrum of variants and clinical features in KCNMA1-linked channelopathy. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:447-464. [PMID: 34224328 PMCID: PMC8259716 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1938852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KCNMA1-linked channelopathy is an emerging neurological disorder characterized by heterogeneous and overlapping combinations of movement disorder, seizure, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. KCNMA1 encodes the BK K+ channel, which contributes to both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal and muscle activity. Understanding the basis of the disorder is an important area of active investigation; however, the rare prevalence has hampered the development of large patient cohorts necessary to establish genotype-phenotype correlations. In this review, we summarize 37 KCNMA1 alleles from 69 patients currently defining the channelopathy and assess key diagnostic and clinical hallmarks. At present, 3 variants are classified as gain-of-function with respect to BK channel activity, 14 loss-of-function, 15 variants of uncertain significance, and putative benign/VUS. Symptoms associated with these variants were curated from patient-provided information and prior publications to define the spectrum of clinical phenotypes. In this newly expanded cohort, seizures showed no differential distribution between patients harboring GOF and LOF variants, while movement disorders segregated by mutation type. Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia was predominantly observed among patients with GOF alleles of the BK channel, although not exclusively so, while additional movement disorders were observed in patients with LOF variants. Neurodevelopmental and structural brain abnormalities were prevalent in patients with LOF mutations. In contrast to mutations, disease-associated KCNMA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were not predominantly related to neurological phenotypes but covered a wider set of peripheral physiological functions. Together, this review provides additional evidence exploring the genetic and biochemical basis for KCNMA1-linked channelopathy and summarizes the clinical repository of patient symptoms across multiple types of KCNMA1 gene variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Miller
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hans J Moldenhauer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sotirios Keros
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea L Meredith
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Simpson CL, Musolf AM, Cordero RY, Cordero JB, Portas L, Murgia F, Lewis DD, Middlebrooks CD, Ciner EB, Bailey-Wilson JE, Stambolian D. Myopia in African Americans Is Significantly Linked to Chromosome 7p15.2-14.2. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:16. [PMID: 34241624 PMCID: PMC8287048 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform genetic linkage analysis and association analysis on exome genotyping from highly aggregated African American families with nonpathogenic myopia. African Americans are a particularly understudied population with respect to myopia. Methods One hundred six African American families from the Philadelphia area with a family history of myopia were genotyped using an Illumina ExomePlus array and merged with previous microsatellite data. Myopia was initially measured in mean spherical equivalent (MSE) and converted to a binary phenotype where individuals were identified as affected, unaffected, or unknown. Parametric linkage analysis was performed on both individual variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] and microsatellites) as well as gene-based markers. Family-based association analysis and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis modified for rare variants was also performed. Results Genetic linkage analysis identified 2 genomewide significant variants at 7p15.2 and 7p14.2 (in the intergenic region between MIR148A and NFE2L3 and in the noncoding RNA LOC401324) and 2 genomewide significant genes (CRHR2 and AVL9) both at 7p14.3. No genomewide results were found in the association analyses. Conclusions This study identified a significant linkage peak in African American families for myopia at 7p15.2 to 7p14.2, the first potential risk locus for myopia in African Americans. Interesting candidate genes are located in the region, including PDE1C, which is highly expressed in the eyes, and known to be involved in retinal development. Further identification of the causal variants at this linkage peak will help elucidate the genetics of myopia in this understudied population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anthony M. Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Roberto Y. Cordero
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer B. Cordero
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Laura Portas
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Federico Murgia
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Deyana D. Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Candace D. Middlebrooks
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Elise B. Ciner
- The Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ohno-Matsui K, Wu PC, Yamashiro K, Vutipongsatorn K, Fang Y, Cheung CMG, Lai TYY, Ikuno Y, Cohen SY, Gaudric A, Jonas JB. IMI Pathologic Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:5. [PMID: 33909033 PMCID: PMC8083114 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic myopia is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. Pathologic myopia is distinctly different from high myopia. High myopia is a high degree of myopic refractive error, whereas pathologic myopia is defined by a presence of typical complications in the fundus (posterior staphyloma or myopic maculopathy equal to or more serious than diffuse choroidal atrophy). Pathologic myopia often occurs in eyes with high myopia, however its complications especially posterior staphyloma can also occur in eyes without high myopia. Owing to a recent advance in ocular imaging, an objective and accurate diagnosis of pathologic myopia has become possible. Especially, optical coherence tomography has revealed novel lesions like dome-shaped macula and myopic traction maculopathy. Wide-field optical coherence tomography has succeeded in visualizing the entire extent of large staphylomas. The effectiveness of new therapies for complications have been shown, such as anti-VEGF therapies for myopic macular neovascularization and vitreoretinal surgery for myopic traction maculopathy. Myopia, especially childhood myopia, has been increasing rapidly in the world. In parallel with an increase in myopia, the prevalence of high myopia has also been increasing. However, it remains unclear whether or not pathologic myopia will increase in parallel with an increase of myopia itself. In addition, it has remained unclear whether genes responsible for pathologic myopia are the same as those for myopia in general, or whether pathologic myopia is genetically different from other myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pei-Chang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Otsu Red-Cross Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Yuxin Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Timothy Y Y Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Yasushi Ikuno
- Ikuno Eye Center, 2-9-10-3F Juso-Higashi, Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka 532-0023, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Salomon Yves Cohen
- Centre Ophtalmologique d'Imagerie et de Laser, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology and University Paris Est, Creteil, France
| | - Alain Gaudric
- Department of Ophthalmology, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière and Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wong CW, Foo LL, Morjaria P, Morgan I, Mueller A, Davis A, Keys D, He M, Sankaridurg P, Zhu JF, Hendicott P, Tan D, Saw SM, Cheng CY, Lamoureux EL, Crowston JG, Gemmy Cheung CM, Sng C, Chan C, Wong D, Lee SY, Agrawal R, Hoang QV, Su X, Koh A, Ngo C, Chen H, Wu PC, Chia A, Jonas JB, Wong TY, Ang M. Highlights from the 2019 International Myopia Summit on 'controversies in myopia'. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:1196-1202. [PMID: 32816799 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is an emerging public health issue with potentially significant economic and social impact, especially in East Asia. However, many uncertainties about myopia and its clinical management remain. The International Myopia Summit workgroup was convened by the Singapore Eye Research Institute, the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness in 2019. The aim of this workgroup was to summarise available evidence, identify gaps or unmet needs and provide consensus on future directions for clinical research in myopia. In this review, among the many 'controversies in myopia' discussed, we highlight three main areas of consensus. First, development of interventions for the prevention of axial elongation and pathologic myopia is needed, which may require a multifaceted approach targeting the Bruch's membrane, choroid and/or sclera. Second, clinical myopia management requires co-operation between optometrists and ophthalmologists to provide patients with holistic care and a tailored approach that balances risks and benefits of treatment by using optical and pharmacological interventions. Third, current diagnostic technologies to detect myopic complications may be improved through collaboration between clinicians, researchers and industry. There is an unmet need to develop new imaging modalities for both structural and functional analyses and to establish normative databases for myopic eyes. In conclusion, the workgroup's call to action advocated for a paradigm shift towards a collaborative approach in the holistic clinical management of myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wai Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Lian Foo
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Priya Morjaria
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | - Ian Morgan
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Andreas Mueller
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Davis
- International Agency for Prevention of Blindness, London, United Kingdom
| | - Drew Keys
- International Agency for Prevention of Blindness, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Padmaja Sankaridurg
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jian Feng Zhu
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Centre, Shanghai Eye Hospital, China
| | - Peter Hendicott
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Optometry and Vision Science, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Yu Cheng
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ecosse Luc Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan G Crowston
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chelvin Sng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Doric Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Yen Lee
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Quan V Hoang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Xinyi Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Koh
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Ngo
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, China
| | - Pei Chang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Audrey Chia
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore .,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wong YL, Hysi P, Cheung G, Tedja M, Hoang QV, Tompson SWJ, Whisenhunt KN, Verhoeven VJM, Zhao W, Hess M, Wong CW, Kifley A, Hosoda Y, Haarman AEG, Hopf S, Laspas P, Sensaki S, Sim X, Miyake M, Tsujikawa A, Lamoureux E, Ohno-Matsui K, Nickels S, Mitchell P, Wong TY, Wang JJ, Hammond CJ, Barathi VA, Cheng CY, Yamashiro K, Young TL, Klaver CCW, Saw SM. Correction: Genetic variants linked to myopic macular degeneration in persons with high myopia: CREAM Consortium. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223942. [PMID: 31600355 PMCID: PMC6786527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|