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Zhornitsky S, Oliva HNP, Jayne LA, Allsop ASA, Kaye AP, Potenza MN, Angarita GA. Changes in synaptic markers after administration of ketamine or psychedelics: a systematic scoping review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1197890. [PMID: 37435405 PMCID: PMC10331617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1197890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ketamine and psychedelics have abuse liability. They can also induce "transformative experiences" where individuals experience enhanced states of awareness. This enhanced awareness can lead to changes in preexisting behavioral patterns which could be beneficial in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that ketamine and psychedelics may alter markers associated with synaptic density, and that these changes may underlie effects such as sensitization, conditioned place preference, drug self-administration, and verbal memory performance. In this scoping review, we examined studies that measured synaptic markers in animals and humans after exposure to ketamine and/or psychedelics. Methods A systematic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, through PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, and Web of Science, based on a published protocol (Open Science Framework, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/43FQ9). Both in vivo and in vitro studies were included. Studies on the following synaptic markers were included: dendritic structural changes, PSD-95, synapsin-1, synaptophysin-1, synaptotagmin-1, and SV2A. Results Eighty-four studies were included in the final analyses. Seventy-one studies examined synaptic markers following ketamine treatment, nine examined psychedelics, and four examined both. Psychedelics included psilocybin/psilocin, lysergic acid diethylamide, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, and ibogaine/noribogaine. Mixed findings regarding synaptic changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been reported when ketamine was administered in a single dose under basal conditions. Similar mixed findings were seen under basal conditions in studies that used repeated administration of ketamine. However, studies that examined animals during stressful conditions found that a single dose of ketamine counteracted stress-related reductions in synaptic markers in the hippocampus and PFC. Repeated administration of ketamine also counteracted stress effects in the hippocampus. Psychedelics generally increased synaptic markers, but results were more consistently positive for certain agents. Conclusion Ketamine and psychedelics can increase synaptic markers under certain conditions. Heterogeneous findings may relate to methodological differences, agents administered (or different formulations of the same agent), sex, and type of markers. Future studies could address seemingly mixed results by using meta-analytical approaches or study designs that more fully consider individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Henrique N. P. Oliva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Laura A. Jayne
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Aza S. A. Allsop
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alfred P. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Hartford, CT, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gustavo A. Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
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Nur IH, Pérez W, Rutland CS. Topographic anatomy and vascularization of the glandula thyroidea in rats. Anat Histol Embryol 2023. [PMID: 36916798 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Topographical anatomy and detailed measurements of the glandula thyroidea (thyroid gland) and the glandula parathyroidea (parathyroid gland) were determined in rats, with significant differences identified between the sexes. In the rats (N = 10 male, 10 female), the glandula thyroidea were positioned at the level of the C1 and C2 vertebrae. One glandula parathyroidea was present in each glandula thyroidea lobe, localized in the cranial part of the lateral lobes in 60% of the animals. There was no glandula thyroidea left lobe in one female and no isthmus in two females. Both the A. thyroidea cranialis and the A. pharyngea ascendens originated from the A. carotis externa, which acted as a common trunk. On the left, the A. thyroidea caudalis originated from the truncus brachiocephalicus in all rats and on the right side was found to originate from both the truncus costocervicalis and the A. subclavia dextra in three females, and only from the truncus costocervicalis in seven females. The V. thyroidea cranialis opened into the V. jugularis interna in the neck region and at the level of the apertura thoracis cranialis, and the V. jugularis interna united with the V. thyroidea caudalis. In addition, on the right, the V. thyroidea cranialis joined the V. jugularis interna, at the level of the A. subclavia. The veins on both sides opened into the V. cava cranialis. Significant differences were observed between the sexes and detailed anatomical analysis of the glandula thyroidea and the glandula parathyroidea, and related vasculature and innervation, have been described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hakki Nur
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - William Pérez
- Unidad de Anatomia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- School of the Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Elewa YHA, Masum MA, Mohamed SKA, Islam MR, Nakamura T, Ichii O, Kon Y. The Ameliorative Effect of Dexamethasone on the Development of Autoimmune Lung Injury and Mediastinal Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters in an Autoimmune Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084449. [PMID: 35457267 PMCID: PMC9027674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we revealed the ameliorative therapeutic effect of dexamethasone (Dex) for Lupus nephritis lesions in the MRL/MpJ-Fas lpr/lpr (Lpr) mouse model. The female Lpr mice developed a greater number of mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters (MFALCs) and inflammatory lung lesions compared to the male mice. However, the effect of Dex, an immunosuppressive drug, on both lung lesions and the development of MFALCs in Lpr mice has not been identified yet. Therefore, in this study, we compared the development of lung lesions and MFALCs in female Lpr mice that received either saline (saline group “SG”) or dexamethasone (dexamethasone group “DG”) in drinking water as a daily dose along with weekly intraperitoneal injections for 10 weeks. Compared to the SG group, the DG group showed a significant reduction in the levels of serum anti-dsDNA antibodies, the size of MFALCs, the degree of lung injury, the area of high endothelial venules (HEVs), and the number of proliferating and immune cells in both MFALCs and the lungs. A significant positive correlation was observed between the size of MFALCs and the cellular aggregation in the lungs of Lpr mice. Therefore, this study confirmed the ameliorative effect of Dex on the development of lung injury and MFALCs via their regressive effect on both immune cells’ proliferative activity and the development of HEVs. Furthermore, the reprogramming of MFALCs by targeting immune cells and HEVs may provide a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune-disease-associated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-5188
| | - Md Abdul Masum
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sherif Kh. A. Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
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Szczepanek-Parulska E, Budny B, Borowczyk M, Zawadzka K, Sztromwasser P, Ruchała M. Compound heterozygous GLI3 variants in siblings with thyroid hemiagenesis. Endocrine 2021; 71:514-519. [PMID: 32696176 PMCID: PMC7881956 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid hemiagenesis (THA) is an inborn absence of one thyroid lobe of largely unknown etiopathogenesis, affecting 0.05-0.5% population. The aim of the study was an identification of genetic factors responsible for thyroid maldevelopment in two siblings with THA. METHODS We evaluated a three-generation THA family with two sisters presenting the disorder. Proband (Patient II:3) was diagnosed at the age of 45 due to neck asymmetry. Left lobe agenesis and nontoxic multinodular goiter were depicted. Proband's sister (Patient II:6) was euthyroid, showed up at the age of 39 due to neck discomfort and left-sided THA was demonstrated. Affected individuals were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES) (Illumina, TruSeq Exome Kit) and all identified variants were evaluated for pathogenicity. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm WES data and check segregation among first-degree relatives. RESULTS In both siblings, a compound heterozygous mutations NM_000168.6: c.[2179G>A];[4039C>A] (NP_000159.3: p.[Gly727Arg];[Gln1347Lys]) were identified in the GLI3 gene, affecting exon 14 and 15, respectively. According to the American College of Medical Genetics, variants are classified as of uncertain significance, and were found to be very rare (GnomAD MAF 0.007131 and 0.00003187). The segregation mapping and analysis of relatives indicated causativeness of compound heterozygosity. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time a unique association of THA phenotype and the presence of compound heterozygous mutations p.[Gly727Arg];[Gln1347Lys] of GLI3 gene in two siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Borowczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawadzka
- MNM Diagnostics Sp. z o.o, 64 Macieja Rataja Street, 61-695, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Sztromwasser
- MNM Diagnostics Sp. z o.o, 64 Macieja Rataja Street, 61-695, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 15 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
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Omagari K, Suzuta M, Taniguchi A, Kumamoto R, Koyama Y, Fukuda A, Suruga K, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Tsuneyama K. A non-obese, diet-induced animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Wistar/ST rats compared to Sprague-Dawley rats. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cao WH, Su YJ, Liu NQ, Peng Y, Diao C, Cheng RC. Role of Ca²⁺ in Inhibiting Ischemia-Induced Apoptosis of Parathyroid Gland Cells in New Zealand White Rabbits. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920546. [PMID: 32071284 PMCID: PMC7043353 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism is a common complication after thyroidectomy. Calcium supplementation can relieve these symptoms, but it is not clear whether it can protect the parathyroid glands. This study aimed to verify whether Ca²⁺ inhibits the apoptosis of parathyroid cells following ischemic injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS A rabbit model of parathyroid gland ischemic injury was established. The blood calcium concentrations were measured by colorimetry. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The parathyroid tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blotting was used to quantify the levels of the following proteins: caspase-3 and p38 MAP Kinase (p38 MAPK). RESULTS This study demonstrates that apoptosis can be a part of the pathological changes associated with parathyroid ischemic injury. Calcium supplementation inhibited the apoptosis of parathyroid cells following ischemic injury. There were no significant differences among the serum calcium levels from the Sham operation (Sham), the Control group (CG), or the Calcium supplementation group (CSG) after 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h of treatment. PTH levels in the CG were significantly higher than in the CSG at 24 h and 72 h after treatments. The apoptosis rate of parathyroid cells from rabbits in the CSG was significantly lower than that of those from rabbits in the CG at 24 h and 72 h after the treatment. Calcium supplementation inhibited p38 MAPK and caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that calcium supplementation inhibited the apoptosis of parathyroid cells following ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-han Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yan-jun Su
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Nian-qiu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Chang Diao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-chuan Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
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