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Strauss SJ, Berlanga P, McCabe MG. Emerging therapies in Ewing sarcoma. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:297-304. [PMID: 38775200 PMCID: PMC11155282 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is an unmet need to improve outcomes for patients for Ewing sarcoma, a rare, aggressive sarcoma with a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Current therapy at diagnosis involves multiagent chemotherapy and local therapy, but despite intensification of treatment, those with metastases at diagnosis and recurrent disease have poor outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Improved understanding of Ewing sarcoma biology has identified novel targets with promising activity in Ewing sarcoma patients, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are now undergoing evaluation as combination and maintenance therapy. Other emerging therapies include those that target the EWSR1::FLI1 fusion oncoprotein, and act on DNA damage, cell cycle and apoptotic pathways. Immunotherapeutic approaches, particularly CAR-T-cell therapy directed at GD2, also hold promise. Recent collaborative clinical trials that have defined an international standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma and novel platform studies with adaptive designs offer unique opportunities to investigate these therapies inclusive of all ages. SUMMARY Close international collaboration between clinicians and biologists will allow us to prioritize promising emerging therapies and develop biomarkers to facilitate their incorporation into standard of care and more rapidly translate into benefit for Ewing sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J. Strauss
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Berlanga
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Martin G. McCabe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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2
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Rask GC, Taslim C, Bayanjargal A, Cannon MV, Selich-Anderson J, Crow JC, Duncan A, Theisen ER. Seclidemstat blocks the transcriptional function of multiple FET-fusion oncoproteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.19.594897. [PMID: 38826330 PMCID: PMC11142045 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.19.594897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Genes encoding the RNA-binding proteins FUS, EWSR1, and TAF15 (FET proteins) are involved in chromosomal translocations in rare sarcomas. FET-rearranged sarcomas are often aggressive malignancies affecting patients of all ages. New therapies are needed. These translocations fuse the 5' portion of the FET gene with a 3' partner gene encoding a transcription factor (TF). The resulting fusion proteins are oncogenic TFs with a FET protein low complexity domain (LCD) and a DNA binding domain. FET fusion proteins have proven stubbornly difficult to target directly and promising strategies target critical co-regulators. One candidate is lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). LSD1 is recruited by multiple FET fusions, including EWSR1::FLI1. LSD1 promotes EWSR1::FLI1 activity and treatment with the noncompetitive inhibitor SP-2509 blocks EWSR1::FLI1 transcriptional function. A similar molecule, seclidemstat (SP-2577), is currently in clinical trials for FET-rearranged sarcomas (NCT03600649). However, whether seclidemstat has pharmacological activity against FET fusions has not been demonstrated. Here, we evaluate the in vitro potency of seclidemstat against multiple FET-rearranged sarcoma cell lines, including Ewing sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, clear cell sarcoma, and myxoid liposarcoma. We also define the transcriptomic effects of seclidemstat treatment and evaluated the activity of seclidemstat against FET fusion transcriptional regulation. Seclidemstat showed potent activity in cell viability assays across FET-rearranged sarcomas and disrupted the transcriptional function of all tested fusions. Though epigenetic and targeted inhibitors are unlikely to be effective as a single agents in the clinic, these data suggest seclidemstat remains a promising new treatment strategy for patients with FET-rearranged sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen C. Rask
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Cenny Taslim
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Ariunaa Bayanjargal
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew V. Cannon
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Julia Selich-Anderson
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Jesse C. Crow
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | | | - Emily R. Theisen
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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3
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Yang X. Research progress of LSD1-based dual-target agents for cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 101:117651. [PMID: 38401457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone lysine demethylase that is significantly overexpressed or dysregulated in different cancers and plays important roles in cell growth, invasion, migration, immune escape, angiogenesis, gene regulation, and transcription. Therefore, it is a superb target for the discovery of novel antitumor agents. However, because of their innate and acquired resistance and low selectivity, LSD1 inhibitors are associated with limited therapeutic efficacy and high toxicity. Furthermore, LSD1 inhibitors synergistically improve the efficacy of additional antitumor drugs, which encourages numerous medicinal chemists to innovate and develop new-generation LSD1-based dual-target agents. This review discusses the theoretical foundation of the design of LSD1-based dual-target agents and summarizes their possible applications in treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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Xie L, Sun X, Xu J, Liang X, Liu K, Sun K, Yang R, Tang X, Guo W. The efficacy and safety of vincristine, irinotecan and anlotinib in Epithelioid Sarcoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:172. [PMID: 38310286 PMCID: PMC10838420 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma characterized by SMARCB1/INI1 deficiency. Much attention has been paid to the selective EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat, where other systemic treatments are generally ignored. To explore alternative treatment options, we studied the effects of irinotecan-based chemotherapy in a series of epithelioid sarcoma patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with metastatic or unresectable epithelioid sarcoma at the Peking University People's Hospital treated with irinotecan (50 mg/m2/d d1-5 Q3W) in combination with Anlotinib (12 mg Qd, 2 weeks on and 1 week off) from July 2015 to November 2021. RESULTS A total of 54 courses were administered. With a median follow up of 21.2 months (95% CI, 12.2, 68.1), the 5-year overall survival rate was 83.3%. Five of eight (62.5%) patients presented with unresectable localized lesions, including local tumor thrombosis and lymphatic metastasis. The other patients had unresectable pulmonary metastases. Six of eight (75%) patients had progressed following two lines of systemic therapy. The objective response rate reached 37.5% (three of eight patients) while stabilized disease was observed in 62.5% (five of eight) of patients. No patient had progressed at initial evaluation. At the last follow up, two patients were still using the combination and three patients had ceased the therapy due to toxicities such as diarrhea, nausea, and emesis. One patient changed to tazemetostat for maintenance and one patient stopped treatment due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Another patient stopped therapy as residual lesions had been radiated. CONCLUSIONS The combination of irinotecan and Anlotinib as a salvage regimen may be considered another effective treatment option for refractory epithelioid sarcoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved in the Medical Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital on October 28, 2022 (No.: 2022PHD015-002). The study was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov with identifier no. NCT05656222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xie
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kuisheng Liu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Pathology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rongli Yang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
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Gong H, Xue B, Ru J, Pei G, Li Y. Targeted Therapy for EWS-FLI1 in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4035. [PMID: 37627063 PMCID: PMC10452796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a rare and predominantly pediatric malignancy of bone and soft tissue in children and adolescents. Although international collaborations have greatly improved the prognosis of most EwS, the occurrence of macrometastases or relapse remains challenging. The prototypic oncogene EWS-FLI1 acts as an aberrant transcription factor that drives the cellular transformation of EwS. In addition to its involvement in RNA splicing and the DNA damage response, this chimeric protein directly binds to GGAA repeats, thereby modifying the transcriptional profile of EwS. Direct pharmacological targeting of EWS-FLI1 is difficult because of its intrinsically disordered structure. However, targeting the EWS-FLI1 protein complex or downstream pathways provides additional therapeutic options. This review describes the EWS-FLI1 protein partners and downstream pathways, as well as the related target therapies for the treatment of EwS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - Busheng Xue
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Jinlong Ru
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Guoqing Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China;
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Asfa S, Toy HI, Arshinchi Bonab R, Chrousos GP, Pavlopoulou A, Geronikolou SA. Soft Tissue Ewing Sarcoma Cell Drug Resistance Revisited: A Systems Biology Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6288. [PMID: 37444135 PMCID: PMC10341845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the bones and soft tissues. Drug therapy represents an extensively used modality for the treatment of sarcomas. However, cancer cells tend to develop resistance to antineoplastic agents, thereby posing a major barrier in treatment effectiveness. Thus, there is a need to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in sarcomas and, hence, to enhance the anticancer treatment outcome. In this study, a differential gene expression analysis was conducted on high-throughput transcriptomic data of chemoresistant versus chemoresponsive Ewing sarcoma cells. By applying functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interactions on the differentially expressed genes and their corresponding products, we uncovered genes with a hub role in drug resistance. Granted that non-coding RNA epigenetic regulators play a pivotal role in chemotherapy by targeting genes associated with drug response, we investigated the non-coding RNA molecules that potentially regulate the expression of the detected chemoresistance genes. Of particular importance, some chemoresistance-relevant genes were associated with the autonomic nervous system, suggesting the involvement of the latter in the drug response. The findings of this study could be taken into consideration in the clinical setting for the accurate assessment of drug response in sarcoma patients and the application of tailored therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedehsadaf Asfa
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (S.A.); (H.I.T.); (R.A.B.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Toy
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (S.A.); (H.I.T.); (R.A.B.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reza Arshinchi Bonab
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (S.A.); (H.I.T.); (R.A.B.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Clinical, Translational and Experimental Surgery Research Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Levadeias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (S.A.); (H.I.T.); (R.A.B.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Styliani A. Geronikolou
- Clinical, Translational and Experimental Surgery Research Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Levadeias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece
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7
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Johnson JD, Alejo S, Jayamohan S, Sareddy GR. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 as a therapeutic cancer target: observations from preclinical study. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1177-1188. [PMID: 37997756 PMCID: PMC10872912 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2288277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A/LSD1) has emerged as an important therapeutic target in various cancer types. LSD1 regulates a wide range of biological processes that influence cancer development, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. However, recent studies have revealed novel aspects of LSD1 biology, shedding light on its involvement in immunogenicity, antitumor immunity, and DNA damage response. These emerging findings have the potential to be leveraged in the design of effective LSD1-targeted therapies. AREAS COVERED This paper discusses the latest developments in the field of LSD1 biology, focusing on its role in regulating immunogenicity, antitumor immunity, and DNA damage response mechanisms. The newfound understanding of these mechanisms has opened possibilities for the development of novel LSD1-targeted therapies for cancer treatment. Additionally, the paper provides an overview of LSD1 inhibitor-based combination therapies for the treatment of cancer. EXPERT OPINION Exploiting LSD1 role in antitumor immunity and DNA damage response provides cues to not only understand the LSD1-resistant mechanisms but also rationally design new combination therapies that are more efficient and less toxic than monotherapy. The exploration of LSD1 biology and the development of LSD1-targeted therapies hold great promise for the future of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Salvador Alejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Sridharan Jayamohan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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8
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Sang N, Zhong X, Gou K, Liu H, Xu J, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Liu Y, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Li Y, Tao L, Su N, Zhou L, Qiu J, Yang X, Zuo Z, Fu L, Zhang J, Li D, Li C, Sun Q, Lei J, Li R, Yang S, Cen X, Zhao Y. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 suppresses growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing GADD45B. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e269. [PMID: 37250145 PMCID: PMC10209615 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an attractive target for malignancies therapy. Nevertheless, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and the potential of its inhibitor in HCC therapy remains unclear. Here, we show that LSD1 overexpression in human HCC tissues is associated with HCC progression and poor patient survival. ZY0511, a highly selective and potent inhibitor of LSD1, suppressed human HCC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in cell-derived and patient-derived HCC xenograft models in vivo. Mechanistically, ZY0511 induced mRNA expression of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45beta (GADD45B) by inducing histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation at the promoter of GADD45B, a novel target gene of LSD1. In human HCC tissues, LSD1 level was correlated with a decreased level of GADD45B, which was associated with HCC progression and predicted poor patient survival. Moreover, co-administration of ZY0511 and DTP3, which specifically enhanced the pro-apoptotic effect of GADD45B, effectively inhibited HCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study revealed the potential value of LSD1 as a promising target of HCC therapy. ZY0511 is a promising candidate for HCC therapy through upregulating GADD45B, thereby providing a novel combinatorial strategy for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyRadiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Clinical Research Center for CancerSichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xi Zhong
- Department of PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kun Gou
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of DrugsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuanzhi Liu
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqian Chen
- Department of PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Na Su
- Department of PharmacyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zeping Zuo
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Fu
- Core Facility CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Core Facility CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dan Li
- Core Facility CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Cong Li
- Core Facility CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jian Lei
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Rui Li
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of DrugsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of BiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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9
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Duan Y, Yu T, Jin L, Zhang S, Shi X, Zhang Y, Zhou N, Xu Y, Lu W, Zhou H, Zhu H, Bai S, Hu K, Guan Y. Discovery of novel, potent, and orally bioavailable HDACs inhibitors with LSD1 inhibitory activity for the treatment of solid tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115367. [PMID: 37086699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) are attractive targets for epigenetic cancer therapy. There is an intimate interplay between the two enzymes. HDACs inhibitors have shown synergistic anticancer effects in combination with LSD1 inhibitors in several types of cancer. Herein, we describe the discovery of compound 5e, a highly potent HDACs inhibitor (HDAC1/2/6/8; IC50 = 2.07/4.71/2.40/107 nM) with anti-LSD1 potency (IC50 = 1.34 μM). Compound 5e exhibited marked antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines. 5e effectively induced mitochondrial apoptosis with G2/M phase arrest, inhibiting cell migration and invasion in MGC-803 and HCT-116 cancer cells. It also showed good liver microsomal stability and acceptable pharmacokinetic parameters in SD rats. More importantly, orally administered compound 5e demonstrated higher in vivo antitumor efficacy than SAHA in the MGC-803 (TGI = 71.5%) and HCT-116 (TGI = 57.6%) xenograft tumor models accompanied by good tolerability. This study provides a novel lead compound with dual inhibitory activity against HDACs and LSD1 to further develop epigenetic drugs for solid tumor therapy. Further optimization is needed to improve the LSD1 activity to achieve dual inhibitors with balanced potency on LSD1 and HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Tong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Linfeng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Nanqian Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, 450003, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yongtao Xu
- School of Medical Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information Analysis and Drug Intelligent Design, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Wenfeng Lu
- School of Medical Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information Analysis and Drug Intelligent Design, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Suping Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Kua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China.
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10
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Ye J, Wu J, Liu B. Therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188866. [PMID: 36842765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite some advances in targeted therapeutics of human cancers, curative cancer treatment still remains a tremendous challenge due to the occurrence of drug resistance. A variety of underlying resistance mechanisms to targeted cancer drugs have recently revealed that the dual-target therapeutic strategy would be an attractive avenue. Compared to drug combination strategies, one agent simultaneously modulating two druggable targets generally shows fewer adverse reactions and lower toxicity. As a consequence, the dual-target small molecule has been extensively explored to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing drug resistance mechanisms of cancer cells, such as enhanced drug efflux, deregulated cell death, DNA damage repair, and epigenetic alterations. Based upon the resistance mechanisms, we further discuss the current therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance, which will shed new light on exploiting more intricate mechanisms and relevant dual-target drugs for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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11
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Takan I, Karakülah G, Louka A, Pavlopoulou A. "In the light of evolution:" keratins as exceptional tumor biomarkers. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15099. [PMID: 36949761 PMCID: PMC10026720 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins (KRTs) are the intermediate filament-forming proteins of epithelial cells, classified, according to their physicochemical properties, into "soft" and "hard" keratins. They have a key role in several aspects of cancer pathophysiology, including cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and several members of the KRT family serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers. The human genome contains both, functional KRT genes and non-functional KRT pseudogenes, arranged in two uninterrupted clusters on chromosomes 12 and 17. This characteristic renders KRTs ideal for evolutionary studies. Herein, comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of KRT homologous proteins in the genomes of major taxonomic divisions were performed, so as to fill a gap in knowledge regarding the functional implications of keratins in cancer biology among tumor-bearing species. The differential expression profiles of KRTs in diverse types of cancers were investigated by analyzing high-throughput data, as well. Several KRT genes, including the phylogenetically conserved ones, were found to be deregulated across several cancer types and to participate in a common protein-protein interaction network. This indicates that, at least in cancer-bearing species, these genes might have been under similar evolutionary pressure, perhaps to support the same important function(s). In addition, semantic relations between KRTs and cancer were detected through extensive text mining. Therefore, by applying an integrative in silico pipeline, the evolutionary history of KRTs was reconstructed in the context of cancer, and the potential of using non-mammalian species as model organisms in functional studies on human cancer-associated KRT genes was uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aikaterini Louka
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Dual LSD1 and HDAC6 Inhibition Induces Doxorubicin Sensitivity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14236014. [PMID: 36497494 PMCID: PMC9737972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14236014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in epigenetic pathways are key drivers of oncogenic cell proliferation. We developed a LSD1/HDAC6 multitargeting inhibitor (iDual), a hydroxamic acid analogue of the clinical candidate LSD1 inhibitor GSK2879552. iDual inhibits both targets with IC50 values of 540, 110, and 290 nM, respectively, against LSD1, HDAC6, and HDAC8. We compared its activity to structurally similar control probes that act by HDAC or LSD1 inhibition alone, as well as an inactive null compound. iDual inhibited the growth of leukemia cell lines at a higher level than GSK2879552 with micromolar IC50 values. Dual engagement with LSD1 and HDAC6 was supported by dose dependent increases in substrate levels, biomarkers, and cellular thermal shift assay. Both histone methylation and acetylation of tubulin were increased, while acetylated histone levels were only mildly affected, indicating selectivity for HDAC6. Downstream gene expression (CD11b, CD86, p21) was also elevated in response to iDual treatment. Remarkably, iDual synergized with doxorubicin, triggering significant levels of apoptosis with a sublethal concentration of the drug. While mechanistic studies did not reveal changes in DNA repair or drug efflux pathways, the expression of AGPAT9, ALOX5, BTG1, HIPK2, IFI44L, and LRP1, previously implicated in doxorubicin sensitivity, was significantly elevated.
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13
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Sánchez-Molina S, Figuerola-Bou E, Sánchez-Margalet V, de la Cruz-Merino L, Mora J, de Álava Casado E, García-Domínguez DJ, Hontecillas-Prieto L. Ewing Sarcoma Meets Epigenetics, Immunology and Nanomedicine: Moving Forward into Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5473. [PMID: 36358891 PMCID: PMC9658520 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing Sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor that mainly affects children, adolescents, and young adults. The standard therapy, including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, has substantially improved the survival of EWS patients with localized disease. Unfortunately, this multimodal treatment remains elusive in clinics for those patients with recurrent or metastatic disease who have an unfavorable prognosis. Consistently, there is an urgent need to find new strategies for patients that fail to respond to standard therapies. In this regard, in the last decade, treatments targeting epigenetic dependencies in tumor cells and the immune system have emerged into the clinical scenario. Additionally, recent advances in nanomedicine provide novel delivery drug systems, which may address challenges such as side effects and toxicity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies stemming from epigenetics, immunology, and nanomedicine yield promising alternatives for treating these patients. In this review, we highlight the most relevant EWS preclinical and clinical studies in epigenetics, immunotherapy, and nanotherapy conducted in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sánchez-Molina
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Figuerola-Bou
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava Casado
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville/CIBERONC, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville/CIBERONC, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel José García-Domínguez
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Oncology Service, Department of Medicines, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
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14
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Alhousami T, Diny M, Ali F, Shin J, Kumar G, Kumar V, Campbell JD, Noonan V, Hanna GJ, Denis GV, Monti S, Kukuruzinska MA, Varelas X, Bais MV. Inhibition of LSD1 Attenuates Oral Cancer Development and Promotes Therapeutic Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade and YAP/TAZ Inhibition. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:712-721. [PMID: 35105672 PMCID: PMC9081163 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that contributes to the etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in part by promoting cancer stem cell phenotypes. The molecular signals regulated by LSD1, or acting with LSD1, are poorly understood, particularly in the development of OSSC. In this study, we show that conditional deletion of the Lsd1 gene or pharmacologic inhibition of LSD1 in the tongue epithelium leads to reduced development of OSCC following exposure to the tobacco carcinogen 4NQO. LSD1 inhibition attenuated proliferation and clonogenic survival and showed an additive effect when combined with the YAP inhibitor Verteporfin. Interestingly, LSD1 inhibition upregulated the expression of PD-L1, leading to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy responses. IMPLICATIONS Collectively, our studies reveal a critical role for LSD1 in OSCC development and identification of tumor growth targeting strategies that can be combined with LSD1 inhibition for improved therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabet Alhousami
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Diny
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Faiza Ali
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Shin
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vikki Noonan
- Division of Oral Pathology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Center for Head & Neck Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerald V Denis
- BU-BMC Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stefano Monti
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria A Kukuruzinska
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manish V Bais
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Fayzullina D, Tsibulnikov S, Stempen M, Schroeder BA, Kumar N, Kharwar RK, Acharya A, Timashev P, Ulasov I. Novel Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081988. [PMID: 35454895 PMCID: PMC9032664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ewing sarcoma is an uncommon cancer that arises in mesenchymal tissues and represents the second most widespread malignant bone neoplasm after osteosarcoma in children. Therapy has increased the 5-year survival rate in the last 40 years, although the recurrence rate has remained high. There is an immediate and unmet need for the development of novel Ewing sarcoma therapies. We offer new prospective targets for the therapy of Ewing sarcoma. The EWSR1/FLI1 fusion protein, which is identified in 85–90% of Ewing sarcoma tumors, and its direct targets are given special focus in this study. Experimantal therapy that targets multiple signaling pathways activated during ES progression, alone or in combination with existing regimens, may become the new standard of care for Ewing sarcoma patients, improving patient survival. Abstract Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an uncommon cancer that arises in mesenchymal tissues and represents the second most widespread malignant bone neoplasm after osteosarcoma in children. Amplifications in genomic, proteomic, and metabolism are characteristics of sarcoma, and targeting altered cancer cell molecular processes has been proposed as the latest promising strategy to fight cancer. Recent technological advancements have elucidated some of the underlying oncogenic characteristics of Ewing sarcoma. Offering new insights into the physiological basis for this phenomenon, our current review examines the dynamics of ES signaling as it related to both ES and the microenvironment by integrating genomic and proteomic analyses. An extensive survey of the literature was performed to compile the findings. We have also highlighted recent and ongoing studies integrating metabolomics and genomics aimed at better understanding the complex interactions as to how ES adapts to changing biochemical changes within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Fayzullina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Sergey Tsibulnikov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Mikhail Stempen
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Brett A. Schroeder
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (N.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kharwar
- Endocrine Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur 222146, India;
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (N.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Lanzi C, Cassinelli G. Combinatorial strategies to potentiate the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in fusion-positive sarcomas. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Murphy SA, Mapes NJ, Dua D, Kaur B. Histone modifiers at the crossroads of oncolytic and oncogenic viruses. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2153-2162. [PMID: 35143960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by loss of regulatory processes that control cell cycle, resulting in increased proliferation. The loss of control can deregulate both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Apart from cell intrinsic gene mutations and environmental factors, infection by cancer-causing viruses also induces changes that lead to malignant transformation. This can be caused by both expression of oncogenic viral proteins and also by changes in cellular genes and proteins that affect the epigenome. Thus, these epigenetic modifiers are good therapeutic targets, and several epigenetic inhibitors are approved for the treatment of different cancers. In addition to small molecule drugs, biological therapies such as antibodies and viral therapies are also increasingly being used to treat cancer. An HSV-1 derived oncolytic virus is currently approved by the US FDA and the European Medicines Agency. Similarly, an adenovirus-based therapeutic is approved for use in China for some cancer types. Since viruses can affect cellular epigenetics, the interaction of epigenome-targeting drugs with oncogenic and oncolytic viruses is a highly significant area of investigation. Here we will review the current knowledge about the impact of using epigenetic drugs in tumors positive for oncogenic viruses or as therapeutic combinations with oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Murphy
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Norman John Mapes
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270
| | | | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;.
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18
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Mehndiratta S, Qian B, Chuang JY, Liou JP, Shih JC. N-Methylpropargylamine-Conjugated Hydroxamic Acids as Dual Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase A and Histone Deacetylase for Glioma Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2208-2224. [PMID: 35005974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioma treatment remains a challenge with a low survival rate due to the lack of effective therapeutics. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) plays a role in glioma development, and MAO A inhibitors reduce glioma growth. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has emerged as a promising therapy for various malignancies including gliomas. We have synthesized and evaluated N-methylpropargylamine-conjugated hydroxamic acids as dual inhibitors of MAO A and HDAC. Compounds display potent MAO A inhibition with IC50 from 0.03 to <0.0001 μM and inhibit HDAC isoforms and cell growth in the micromolar to nanomolar IC50 range. These selective MAO A inhibitors increase histone H3 and α-tubulin acetylation and induce cell death via nonapoptotic mechanisms. Treatment with 15 reduced tumor size, reduced MAO A activity in brain and tumor tissues, and prolonged the survival. This first report on dual inhibitors of MAO A and HDAC establishes the basis of translational research for an improved treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mehndiratta
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Bin Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jean C Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States.,USC-Taiwan Center for Translational Research, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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19
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Cristalli C, Manara MC, Valente S, Pellegrini E, Bavelloni A, De Feo A, Blalock W, Di Bello E, Piñeyro D, Merkel A, Esteller M, Tirado OM, Mai A, Scotlandi K. Novel Targeting of DNA Methyltransferase Activity Inhibits Ewing Sarcoma Cell Proliferation and Enhances Tumor Cell Sensitivity to DNA Damaging Drugs by Activating the DNA Damage Response. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876602. [PMID: 35712255 PMCID: PMC9197596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important component of the epigenetic machinery that regulates the malignancy of Ewing sarcoma (EWS), the second most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Coordination of DNA methylation and DNA replication is critical for maintaining epigenetic programming and the DNMT1 enzyme has been demonstrated to have an important role in both maintaining the epigenome and controlling cell cycle. Here, we showed that the novel nonnucleoside DNMT inhibitor (DNMTi) MC3343 induces a specific depletion of DNMT1 and affects EWS tumor proliferation through a mechanism that is independent on DNA methylation. Depletion of DNMT1 causes perturbation of the cell cycle, with an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase, and DNA damage, as revealed by the induction of γH2AX foci. These effects elicited activation of p53-dependent signaling and apoptosis in p53wt cells, while in p53 mutated cells, persistent micronuclei and increased DNA instability was observed. Treatment with MC3343 potentiates the efficacy of DNA damaging agents such as doxorubicin and PARP-inhibitors (PARPi). This effect correlates with increased DNA damage and synergistic tumor cytotoxicity, supporting the use of the DNMTi MC3343 as an adjuvant agent in treating EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cristalli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Camilla Cristalli, ; Katia Scotlandi,
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - William Blalock
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza, UOS Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Piñeyro
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelika Merkel
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar M. Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Camilla Cristalli, ; Katia Scotlandi,
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20
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Flores G, Grohar PJ. One oncogene, several vulnerabilities: EWS/FLI targeted therapies for Ewing sarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2021; 31:100404. [PMID: 34976713 PMCID: PMC8686064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
EWS/FLI is the defining mutation of Ewing sarcoma. This oncogene drives malignant transformation and progression and occurs in a genetic background characterized by few other recurrent cooperating mutations. In addition, the tumor is absolutely dependent on the continued expression of EWS/FLI to maintain the malignant phenotype. However, EWS/FLI is a transcription factor and therefore a challenging drug target. The difficulty of directly targeting EWS/FLI stems from unique features of this fusion protein as well as the network of interacting proteins required to execute the transcriptional program. This network includes interacting proteins as well as upstream and downstream effectors that together reprogram the epigenome and transcriptome. While the vast number of proteins involved in this process challenge the development of a highly specific inhibitors, they also yield numerous therapeutic opportunities. In this report, we will review how this vast EWS-FLI transcriptional network has been exploited over the last two decades to identify compounds that directly target EWS/FLI and/or associated vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Flores
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, USA
| | - Patrick J Grohar
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3501 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Schmidt O, Nehls N, Prexler C, von Heyking K, Groll T, Pardon K, Garcia HD, Hensel T, Gürgen D, Henssen AG, Eggert A, Steiger K, Burdach S, Richter GHS. Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC) critically contribute to Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:322. [PMID: 34654445 PMCID: PMC8518288 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Histone acetylation and deacetylation seem processes involved in the pathogenesis of Ewing sarcoma (EwS). Here histone deacetylases (HDAC) class I were investigated. Methods Their role was determined using different inhibitors including TSA, Romidepsin, Entinostat and PCI-34051 as well as CRISPR/Cas9 class I HDAC knockouts and HDAC RNAi. To analyze resulting changes microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, western blotting, Co-IP, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, invasion assays and xenograft-mouse models were used. Results Class I HDACs are constitutively expressed in EwS. Patients with high levels of individual class I HDAC expression show decreased overall survival. CRISPR/Cas9 class I HDAC knockout of individual HDACs such as HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibited invasiveness, and blocked local tumor growth in xenograft mice. Microarray analysis demonstrated that treatment with individual HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) blocked an EWS-FLI1 specific expression profile, while Entinostat in addition suppressed metastasis relevant genes. EwS cells demonstrated increased susceptibility to treatment with chemotherapeutics including Doxorubicin in the presence of HDACi. Furthermore, HDACi treatment mimicked RNAi of EZH2 in EwS. Treated cells showed diminished growth capacity, but an increased endothelial as well as neuronal differentiation ability. HDACi synergizes with EED inhibitor (EEDi) in vitro and together inhibited tumor growth in xenograft mice. Co-IP experiments identified HDAC class I family members as part of a regulatory complex together with PRC2. Conclusions Class I HDAC proteins seem to be important mediators of the pathognomonic EWS-ETS-mediated transcription program in EwS and in combination therapy, co-treatment with HDACi is an interesting new treatment opportunity for this malignant disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02125-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Schmidt
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Nadja Nehls
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Carolin Prexler
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Kristina von Heyking
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, München, Germany
| | - Tanja Groll
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München and Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Katharina Pardon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heathcliff D Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Hensel
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Dennis Gürgen
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton G Henssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München and Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, München, Germany
| | - Günther H S Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Gartrell J, Rodriguez-Galindo C. Ewing sarcoma: investigational mono- and combination therapies in clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:653-663. [PMID: 33870845 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1919623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last decades, multi-institutional clinical trials have resulted in significant improvements in the outcomes of patients with localized Ewing sarcoma; however, those with metastatic and recurrent diseases continue to fare poorly. More recently, advancements made in understanding the biology of the disease and mechanisms of response to therapy have opened the door for the incorporation of targeted therapies. Here we review the current state of treatment for Ewing sarcoma and the most recent preclinical advancements that have the potential to translate to improved care. AREAS COVERED This review provides a general overview of the most recent clinical trials completed in Ewing sarcoma, as well as the preclinical and translational data that has the potential to be incorporated into clinical trials. A PubMed review as well as a review of published meeting abstracts was used to compose this review. EXPERT OPINION While dose-intenstifying strategies have failed to lead to improvements in outcomes for patients with the highest-risk disease, recent preclinical advancements have shed light on potential new targeted strategies. The lack of early-phase clinical trial responses should not deter us from further developing these agents, but instead should guide us in designing novel combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gartrell
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America.,Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
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23
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Duan YC, Zhang SJ, Shi XJ, Jin LF, Yu T, Song Y, Guan YY. Research progress of dual inhibitors targeting crosstalk between histone epigenetic modulators for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113588. [PMID: 34107385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal epigenetics is a critical hallmark of human cancers. Anticancer drug discovery directed at histone epigenetic modulators has gained impressive advances with six drugs available for cancer therapy and numerous other candidates undergoing clinical trials. However, limited therapeutic profile, drug resistance, narrow safety margin, and dose-limiting toxicities pose intractable challenges for their clinical utility. Because histone epigenetic modulators undergo intricate crosstalk and act cooperatively to shape an aberrant epigenetic profile, co-targeting histone epigenetic modulators with a different mechanism of action has rapidly emerged as an attractive strategy to overcome the limitations faced by the single-target epigenetic inhibitors. In this review, we summarize in detail the crosstalk of histone epigenetic modulators in regulating gene transcription and the progress of dual epigenetic inhibitors targeting this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Shao-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lin-Feng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Tong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR China.
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24
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dual inhibitors targeting lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) for treatment of gastric cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113453. [PMID: 33957387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
LSD1 and HDAC are physical and functional related to each other in various human cancers and simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 and HDAC exerts synergistic anti-cancer effects. In this work, a series of novel LSD1/HDAC bifunctional inhibitors with a styrylpyridine skeleton were designed and synthesized based on our previously reported LSD1 inhibitors. The representative compounds 5d and 5m showed potent activity against LSD1 and HDAC at both molecular and cellular level and displayed high selectivity against MAO-A/B. Moreover, compounds 5d and 5m demonstrated potent antiproliferative activities against MGC-803 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Notably, compound 5m showed superior in vitro anticancer potency against a panel of gastric cancer cell lines than ORY-1001 and SP-2509 with IC50 values ranging from 0.23 to 1.56 μM. Compounds 5d and 5m significantly modulated the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Vimentin, ZO-1 and E-cadherin, induced apoptosis, reduced colony formation and suppressed migration in MGC-803 cancer cells. In addition, preliminary absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) studies revealed that compounds 5d and 5m showed acceptable metabolic stability in human liver microsomes with minimal inhibition of cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Those results indicated that compound 5m could be a promising lead compound for further development as a therapeutic agent in gastric cancers via LSD1 and HDAC dual inhibition.
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25
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de Nigris F, Ruosi C, Napoli C. Clinical efficiency of epigenetic drugs therapy in bone malignancies. Bone 2021; 143:115605. [PMID: 32829036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A great interest in the scientific community is focused on the improvement of the cure rate in patients with bone malignancies that have a poor response to the first line of therapies. Novel treatments currently include epigenetic compounds or molecules targeting epigenetic-sensitive pathways. Here, we offer an exhaustive review of such agents in these clinical settings. Carefully designed preclinical studies selected several epigenetic drugs, including inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (DNMTIs), such as Decitabine, histone deacetylase classes I-II (HDACIs), as Entinostat, Belinostat, lysine-specific histone demethylase (LSD1), as INCB059872 or FT-2102 (Olutasidenib), inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenases, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), such as EPZ6438 (Tazemetostat) To enhance the therapeutic effect, the prevalent approach in phase II trial is the association of these epigenetic drug inhibitors, with targeted therapy or immune checkpoint blockade. Optimization of drug dosing and regimens of Phase II trials may improve the clinical efficiency of such novel therapeutic approaches against these devastating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Ruosi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, 80134 Naples, IT, Italy
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26
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Kanouni T, Severin C, Cho RW, Yuen NYY, Xu J, Shi L, Lai C, Del Rosario JR, Stansfield RK, Lawton LN, Hosfield D, O’Connell S, Kreilein MM, Tavares-Greco P, Nie Z, Kaldor SW, Veal JM, Stafford JA, Chen YK. Discovery of CC-90011: A Potent and Selective Reversible Inhibitor of Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1). J Med Chem 2020; 63:14522-14529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toufike Kanouni
- Fount Therapeutics, LLC, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Christophe Severin
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert W. Cho
- Quanticel Pharmaceuticels, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Natalie Y.-Y. Yuen
- Oric Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiangchun Xu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lihong Shi
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chon Lai
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Joselyn R. Del Rosario
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Lee N. Lawton
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David Hosfield
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | | | | | - Zhe Nie
- Schrödinger, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - James M. Veal
- 858 Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Young K. Chen
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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27
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Arifuzzaman S, Khatun MR, Khatun R. Emerging of lysine demethylases (KDMs): From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110392. [PMID: 32574968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there have been remarkable scientific advancements in the understanding of lysine demethylases (KDMs) because of their demethylation of diverse substrates, including nucleic acids and proteins. Novel structural architectures, physiological roles in the gene expression regulation, and ability to modify protein functions made KDMs the topic of interest in biomedical research. These structural diversities allow them to exert their function either alone or in complex with numerous other bio-macromolecules. Impressive number of studies have demonstrated that KDMs are localized dynamically across the cellular and tissue microenvironment. Their dysregulation is often associated with human diseases, such as cancer, immune disorders, neurological disorders, and developmental abnormalities. Advancements in the knowledge of the underlying biochemistry and disease associations have led to the development of a series of modulators and technical compounds. Given the distinct biophysical and biochemical properties of KDMs, in this review we have focused on advances related to the structure, function, disease association, and therapeutic targeting of KDMs highlighting improvements in both the specificity and efficacy of KDM modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarder Arifuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh; Everest Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh.
| | - Mst Reshma Khatun
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Rabeya Khatun
- Department of Pediatrics, TMSS Medical College and Rafatullah Community Hospital, Gokul, Bogura, 5800, Bangladesh
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28
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Knott MML, Hölting TLB, Ohmura S, Kirchner T, Cidre-Aranaz F, Grünewald TGP. Targeting the undruggable: exploiting neomorphic features of fusion oncoproteins in childhood sarcomas for innovative therapies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 38:625-642. [PMID: 31970591 PMCID: PMC6994515 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While sarcomas account for approximately 1% of malignant tumors of adults, they are particularly more common in children and adolescents affected by cancer. In contrast to malignancies that occur in later stages of life, childhood tumors, including sarcoma, are characterized by a striking paucity of somatic mutations. However, entity-defining fusion oncogenes acting as the main oncogenic driver mutations are frequently found in pediatric bone and soft-tissue sarcomas such as Ewing sarcoma (EWSR1-FLI1), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (PAX3/7-FOXO1), and synovial sarcoma (SS18-SSX1/2/4). Since strong oncogene-dependency has been demonstrated in these entities, direct pharmacological targeting of these fusion oncogenes has been excessively attempted, thus far, with limited success. Despite apparent challenges, our increasing understanding of the neomorphic features of these fusion oncogenes in conjunction with rapid technological advances will likely enable the development of new strategies to therapeutically exploit these neomorphic features and to ultimately turn the "undruggable" into first-line target structures. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the current literature on targeting neomorphic features of fusion oncogenes found in Ewing sarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma, and give a perspective for future developments. Graphical abstract Scheme depicting the different targeting strategies of fusion oncogenes in pediatric fusion-driven sarcomas. Fusion oncogenes can be targeted on their DNA level (1), RNA level (2), protein level (3), and by targeting downstream functions and interaction partners (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M L Knott
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilman L B Hölting
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337, Munich, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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