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Osada T, Konishi S. Noninvasive intervention by transcranial ultrasound stimulation: Modulation of neural circuits and its clinical perspectives. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:273-281. [PMID: 38505983 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Low-intensity focused transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging noninvasive technique capable of stimulating both the cerebral cortex and deep brain structures with high spatial precision. This method is recognized for its potential to comprehensively perturb various brain regions, enabling the modulation of neural circuits, in a manner not achievable through conventional magnetic or electrical brain stimulation techniques. The underlying mechanisms of neuromodulation are based on a phenomenon where mechanical waves of ultrasound kinetically interact with neurons, specifically affecting neuronal membranes and mechanosensitive channels. This interaction induces alterations in the excitability of neurons within the stimulated region. In this review, we briefly present the fundamental principles of ultrasound physics and the physiological mechanisms of TUS neuromodulation. We explain the experimental apparatus and procedures for TUS in humans. Due to the focality, the integration of various methods, including magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance-guided neuronavigation systems, is important to perform TUS experiments for precise targeting. We then review the current state of the literature on TUS neuromodulation, with a particular focus on human subjects, targeting both the cerebral cortex and deep subcortical structures. Finally, we outline future perspectives of TUS in clinical applications in psychiatric and neurological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Guo D, Hu J, Wang D, Wang C, Yue S, Xu F, Zhang Y. Variation in brain connectivity during motor imagery and motor execution in stroke patients based on electroencephalography. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1330280. [PMID: 38370433 PMCID: PMC10869475 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1330280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in connectivity between motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) in the premotor area (PMA) and primary motor cortex (MA) of the brain, aiming to explore suitable forms of treatment and potential therapeutic targets. Methods Twenty-three inpatients with stroke were selected, and 21 right-handed healthy individuals were recruited. EEG signal during hand MI and ME (synergy and isolated movements) was recorded. Correlations between functional brain areas during MI and ME were compared. Results PMA and MA were significantly and positively correlated during hand MI in all participants. The power spectral density (PSD) values of PMA EEG signals were greater than those of MA during MI and ME in both groups. The functional connectivity correlation was higher in the stroke group than in healthy people during MI, especially during left-handed MI. During ME, functional connectivity correlation in the brain was more enhanced during synergy movements than during isolated movements. The regions with abnormal functional connectivity were in the 18th lead of the left PMA area. Conclusion Left-handed MI may be crucial in MI therapy, and the 18th lead may serve as a target for non-invasive neuromodulation to promote further recovery of limb function in patients with stroke. This may provide support for the EEG theory of neuromodulation therapy for hemiplegic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Guo
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinglu Hu
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dezheng Wang
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chongfeng Wang
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shouwei Yue
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fangzhou Xu
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Balloff C, Novello S, Stucke AS, Janssen LK, Heinen E, Hartmann CJ, Meuth SG, Schnitzler A, Penner IK, Albrecht P, Groiss SJ. Long-term potentiation-like plasticity is retained during relapse in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 155:76-85. [PMID: 37776674 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the degree of synaptic plasticity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients during acute relapses compared to stable MS patients and healthy controls (HCs) and to analyze its functional relevance. METHODS Facilitatory quadripulse stimulation (QPS) was applied to the primary motor cortex in 18 acute relapsing and 18 stable MS patients, as well as 18 HCs. The degree of synaptic plasticity was measured by the change in motor evoked potential amplitude following QPS. Symptom recovery was assessed three months after relapse. RESULTS Synaptic plasticity was induced in all groups. The degree of induced plasticity did not differ between acute relapsing patients, HCs, and stable MS patients. Plasticity was significantly higher in relapsing patients with motor disability compared to relapsing patients without motor disability. In most patients (n = 9, 50%) symptoms had at least partially recovered three months after the relapse, impeding meaningful analysis of the functional relevance of baseline synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS QPS-induced synaptic plasticity is retained during acute MS relapses. Subgroup analyses suggest that stabilizing metaplastic mechanisms may be more important to prevent motor disability but its functional relevance needs to be verified in larger, longitudinal studies. SIGNIFICANCE New insights into synaptic plasticity during MS relapses are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Balloff
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Kliniken Maria Hilf GmbH, 41063 Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Sveva Novello
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Arved-Sebastian Stucke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Kathleen Janssen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elisa Heinen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Johannes Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Günther Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Iris-Katharina Penner
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Kliniken Maria Hilf GmbH, 41063 Moenchengladbach, Germany.
| | - Stefan Jun Groiss
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Neurocenter Duesseldorf, 40211 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Danielli E, Simard N, DeMatteo CA, Kumbhare D, Ulmer S, Noseworthy MD. A review of brain regions and associated post-concussion symptoms. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1136367. [PMID: 37602240 PMCID: PMC10435092 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1136367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is an exceptionally complex organ that is comprised of billions of neurons. Therefore, when a traumatic event such as a concussion occurs, somatic, cognitive, behavioral, and sleep impairments are the common outcome. Each concussion is unique in the sense that the magnitude of biomechanical forces and the direction, rotation, and source of those forces are different for each concussive event. This helps to explain the unpredictable nature of post-concussion symptoms that can arise and resolve. The purpose of this narrative review is to connect the anatomical location, healthy function, and associated post-concussion symptoms of some major cerebral gray and white matter brain regions and the cerebellum. As a non-exhaustive description of post-concussion symptoms nor comprehensive inclusion of all brain regions, we have aimed to amalgamate the research performed for specific brain regions into a single article to clarify and enhance clinical and research concussion assessment. The current status of concussion diagnosis is highly subjective and primarily based on self-report of symptoms, so this review may be able to provide a connection between brain anatomy and the clinical presentation of concussions to enhance medical imaging assessments. By explaining anatomical relevance in terms of clinical concussion symptom presentation, an increased understanding of concussions may also be achieved to improve concussion recognition and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Danielli
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Simard
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carol A. DeMatteo
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dinesh Kumbhare
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephan Ulmer
- Neurorad.ch, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael D. Noseworthy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Ogawa A, Asano S, Osada T, Tanaka M, Tochigi R, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Konishi S. Role of right temporoparietal junction for counterfactual evaluation of partner's decision in ultimatum game. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2947-2957. [PMID: 35718541 PMCID: PMC10016052 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans assess the distributions of resources based on their aversion to unfairness. If a partner distributes in an unfair manner even though the partner had a less unfair distribution option, a recipient will believe that the partner should have chosen the counterfactual option. In this study, we investigated the neural basis for fairness evaluation of actual and counterfactual options in the ultimatum game. In this task, a partner chose one distribution option out of two options, and a participant accepted or rejected the option. The behavioral results showed that the acceptance rate was influenced by counterfactual evaluation (CE), among others, as defined by the difference of monetary amount between the actual and counterfactual options. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed that CE was associated with the right ventral angular gyrus (vAG) that provided one of convergent inputs to the supramarginal gyrus related to decision utility, which reflects gross preferences for the distribution options. Furthermore, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation administered to the right vAG reduced the behavioral component associated with CE. These results suggest that our acceptance/rejection of distribution options relies on multiple processes (monetary amount, disadvantageous inequity, and CE) and that the right vAG causally contributes to CE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saki Asano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Reia Tochigi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Nakajima K, Osada T, Ogawa A, Tanaka M, Oka S, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Oshima Y, Tanaka S, Konishi S. A causal role of anterior prefrontal-putamen circuit for response inhibition revealed by transcranial ultrasound stimulation in humans. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111197. [PMID: 35977493 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stopping an inappropriate response requires the involvement of the prefrontal-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway. However, how the prefrontal-striatal indirect pathway contributes to stopping is poorly understood. In this study, transcranial ultrasound stimulation is used to perform interventions in a task-related region in the striatum. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals activation in the right anterior part of the putamen during response inhibition, and ultrasound stimulation to the anterior putamen, as well as the subthalamic nucleus, results in significant impairments in stopping performance. Diffusion imaging further reveals prominent structural connections between the anterior putamen and the right anterior part of the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), and ultrasound stimulation to the anterior IFC also shows significant impaired stopping performance. These results demonstrate that the right anterior putamen and right anterior IFC causally contribute to stopping and suggest that the anterior IFC-anterior putamen circuit in the indirect pathway serves as an essential route for stopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakajima
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Akitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasushi Oshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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7
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Chou YH, Sundman M, Ton That V, Green J, Trapani C. Cortical excitability and plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101660. [PMID: 35680080 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. When stimulation is applied over the primary motor cortex and coupled with electromyography measures, TMS can probe functions of cortical excitability and plasticity in vivo. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the utility of TMS-derived measures for differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal older adults (CN). METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Medline, and CINAHL Plus from inception to July 2021. RESULTS Sixty-one studies with a total of 2728 participants (1454 patients with AD, 163 patients with MCI, and 1111 CN) were included. Patients with AD showed significantly higher cortical excitability, lower cortical inhibition, and impaired cortical plasticity compared to the CN cohorts. Patients with MCI exhibited increased cortical excitability and reduced plasticity compared to the CN cohort. Additionally, lower cognitive performance was significantly associated with higher cortical excitability and lower inhibition. No seizure events due to TMS were reported, and the mild adverse response rate is approximately 3/1000 (i.e., 9/2728). CONCLUSIONS Findings of our meta-analysis demonstrate the potential of using TMS-derived cortical excitability and plasticity measures as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Chou
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Arizona Center on Aging, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| | - Mark Sundman
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Viet Ton That
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Jacob Green
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Chrisopher Trapani
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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Parallel cognitive processing streams in human prefrontal cortex: Parsing areal-level brain network for response inhibition. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109732. [PMID: 34551294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cognitive processes are recruited to achieve adaptive behavior. However, it is poorly understood how such cognitive processes are implemented in temporal cascades of human cerebral cortical areas as processing streams to achieve behavior. In the present study, we identify cortical processing streams for response inhibition and examine relationships among the processing streams. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and time-resolved single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) reveal three distinct critical timings of transient disruption in the functionally essential cortical areas that belong to two distinct cerebrocortical networks. Furthermore, single-pulse TMS following suppression of the ventral posterior inferior frontal cortex (vpIFC) with repetitive TMS reveals information flow from the vpIFC to the presupplementary motor area (preSMA) within the same network but not to the dorsal posterior inferior frontal cortex (dpIFC) across different networks. These causal behavioral effects suggest two parallel processing streams (vpIFC-preSMA versus dpIFC-intraparietal sulcus) that act concurrently during response inhibition.
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Okawada M, Kaneko F, Shibata E. Effect of primary motor cortex excitability changes after quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation on kinesthetic sensitivity: A preliminary study. Neurosci Lett 2020; 741:135483. [PMID: 33161107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscle spindles provide the greatest contribution to kinesthetic perception. Primary motor cortex (M1) excitability changes in parallel with the intensity of kinesthetic perception inputs from muscle spindles; M1 is therefore involved in kinesthetic perception. However, the causal relationship between changes in kinesthetic sensitivity and M1 excitability is unclear. The purpose of this study was to test whether artificially and sustainably modulated M1 excitability causes changes in kinesthetic sensitivity in healthy individuals. We evaluated motor evoked potentials (MEP) in Experiment 1 and joint motion detection thresholds (JMDT) in Experiment 2 before and after quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS). Nine healthy right-handed male volunteers were recruited. In each experiment, participants received QPS or sham stimulation (Sham) on separate days. MEP amplitude and JMDT were recorded before and at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after QPS and Sham. Our results showed that M1 excitability and kinesthetic sensitivity increased after QPS, whereas neither changed after Sham. In the five subjects who participated in both experiments, there was a significant moderate correlation between M1 excitability and kinesthetic sensitivity. Thus, the long-lasting change in kinesthetic sensitivity may be due to changes in M1 excitability. In addition, M1 may play a gain adjustment role in the neural pathways of muscle spindle input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Okawada
- First Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W17 Chuo, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shjinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Hokuto Hospital, Hokuto Social Medical Corporation, 7-5 Kisen, Inada-cho, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fuminari Kaneko
- First Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W17 Chuo, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shjinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eriko Shibata
- First Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W17 Chuo, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, 5-196-1, Koganechuo, Eniwa Shi, Hokkaido, Japan
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Suda A, Osada T, Ogawa A, Tanaka M, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Hattori N, Konishi S. Functional Organization for Response Inhibition in the Right Inferior Frontal Cortex of Individual Human Brains. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6325-6335. [PMID: 32666077 PMCID: PMC7609925 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) is critical to response inhibition. The right IFC referred in the human studies of response inhibition is located in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the surrounding regions and consists of multiple areas that implement distinct functions. Recent studies using resting-state functional connectivity have parcellated the cerebral cortex and revealed across-subject variability of parcel-based cerebrocortical networks. However, how the right IFC of individual brains is functionally organized and what functional properties the IFC parcels possess regarding response inhibition remain elusive. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, precision functional mapping of individual human brains was adopted to the parcels in the right IFC to evaluate their functional properties related to response inhibition. The right IFC consisted of six modules or subsets of subregions, and the spatial organization of the modules varied considerably across subjects. Each module revealed unique characteristics of brain activity and its correlation to behavior related to response inhibition. These results provide updated functional features of the IFC and demonstrate the importance of individual-focused approaches in studying response inhibition in the right IFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Suda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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11
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Tanaka M, Osada T, Ogawa A, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Konishi S. Dissociable Networks of the Lateral/Medial Mammillary Body in the Human Brain. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:228. [PMID: 32625073 PMCID: PMC7316159 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammillary body (MB) has been thought to implement mnemonic functions. Although recent animal studies have revealed dissociable roles of the lateral and medial parts of the MB, the dissociable roles of the lateral/medial MB in the human brain is still unclear. Functional connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a unique opportunity to noninvasively inspect the intricate functional organization of the human MB with a high degree of spatial resolution. The present study divided the human MB into lateral and medial parts and examined their functional connectivity with the hippocampal formation, tegmental nuclei, and anterior thalamus. The subiculum of the hippocampal formation was more strongly connected with the medial part than with the lateral part of the MB, whereas the pre/parasubiculum was more strongly connected with the lateral part than with the medial part of the MB. The dorsal tegmental nucleus was connected more strongly with the lateral part of the MB, whereas the ventral tegmental nucleus showed an opposite pattern. The anterior thalamus was connected more strongly with the medial part of the MB. These results confirm the extant animal literature on the lateral/medial MB and provide evidence on the parallel but dissociable systems involving the MB that ascribe mnemonic and spatial-navigation functions to the medial and lateral MBs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Fujimoto U, Ogawa A, Osada T, Tanaka M, Suda A, Hattori N, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Konishi S. Network Centrality Reveals Dissociable Brain Activity during Response Inhibition in Human Right Ventral Part of Inferior Frontal Cortex. Neuroscience 2020; 433:163-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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