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Launay M, Blond L, Geffre A, Trumel C, Layssol-Lamour C. Effect of needle gauge on pain and specimen quality of ultrasound-guided fine needle sampling without aspiration of the canine spleen. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:936-944. [PMID: 37461325 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifications of splenic parenchyma are common ultrasonographic findings in dogs. Splenic fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a rapid, safe procedure, routinely performed in veterinary institutions. However, 22-gauge (G) needle usually reported is selected according to general practice and the most appropriate needle size to be used remains unclear. The aim of this prospective, single-center, methods comparison study was to assess the effect of needle size on cytologic specimens' evaluation and animal welfare during the procedure. Dogs underwent ultrasound-guided splenic FNA using 23, 25, and 27G needles. Needles were compared based on initial and then detailed cytologic evaluation. The initial evaluation assessed overall cellularity, cell preservation, hemodilution, and detailed cytologic evaluation referred to exhaustive splenic components. Welfare evaluation was performed based on a scoring system. A total of 54 dogs were included in this study with 54 of 54 welfare evaluations and 35 of 54 cytologic evaluations by one or two European College of Veterinary Clinical Pathology-certified cytologists. The final cytologic diagnosis was unchanged regardless of the needle size. For the initial evaluation, 23G needles provided significantly higher cellularity than the 27G needles. For detailed cytologic evaluation, only the richness in mesothelial cells and stroma was affected by needle size. Pain induced by the procedures was considered low using 23, 25, and 27G needles with the 27G needle producing the least adverse reactions. Findings from the current study supported using needle gauges smaller than the previously published standard 22G needle for spleen ultrasound-guided fine needle nonaspiration in dogs. Due to higher cellularity and lower pain scores, authors recommend the use of 23G needles with a nonaspiration technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahéva Launay
- Department of Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Languedocia, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Blond
- Department of Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Languedocia, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Geffre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Layssol-Lamour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Pimentel PAB, Giuliano A, Bęczkowski PM, Horta RDS. Molecular Profile of Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets. Vet Sci 2023; 10:387. [PMID: 37368773 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a relatively common neoplasia, occurring mainly in the skin, spleen, liver and right atrium. Despite the numerous studies investigating the treatment of canine HSA, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved in the last 20 years. Advancements in genetic and molecular profiling presented molecular similarities between canine HSA and human angiosarcoma. It could therefore serve as a valuable model for investigating new and more effective treatments in people and dogs. The most common genetic abnormalities in canine HSA have been found in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) pathways. Mutations are also found in tumor protein p53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A). Known abnormal protein expression could be exploited to trial new target treatments that could be beneficial for both canine and human patients. Despite the high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR), no correlation with overall survival time has ever been found. In this review, we explore the most recent developments in molecular profiling in canine HSA and discuss their possible applications in the prognosis and treatment of this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paweł Marek Bęczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rodrigo Dos Santos Horta
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Faroni E, Sabattini S, Guerra D, Iannuzzi C, Chalfon C, Agnoli C, Stefanello D, Polton G, Ramos S, Aralla M, Ciaccini R, Foglia A, Okonji S, Marconato L. Timely adjuvant chemotherapy improves outcome in dogs with non-metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma undergoing splenectomy. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:123-130. [PMID: 36633399 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Timely delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to be advantageous in many human cancers and canine osteosarcoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve outcome for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate whether timely adjuvant chemotherapy administration resulted in better outcome in dogs with non-metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma undergoing splenectomy. Medical records were searched for dogs with non-metastatic, splenic hemangiosarcoma that received splenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The number of days from surgery to the first chemotherapy dose (StoC) was evaluated to identify the cut-off value associated with the best survival advantage. StoC and other possible prognostic factors were tested for influence on time to metastasis (TTM) and overall survival (OS). Seventy dogs were included. Median StoC was 20 days (range: 4-70). The time interval associated with the greatest survival benefit was 21 days. Median TTM and OS of dogs with StoC ≤ 21 days were significantly longer than those with StoC >21 days (TTM: 163 vs. 118 days, p = .001; OS: 238 vs. 146 days, p < .001). On multivariable analysis, StoC >21 days was the only variable significantly associated with increased risk of tumour progression (HR 2.1, p = .010) and death (HR 2.3; p = .008). Starting adjuvant chemotherapy within 21 days of surgery may be associated with a survival benefit in dogs with non-metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma, possibly due to the early targeting of newly recruited metastatic cells after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Faroni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Dina Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Iannuzzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Carmit Chalfon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, UK
| | - Sofia Ramos
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, UK
| | | | | | - Armando Foglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Samuel Okonji
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Burti S, Zotti A, Bonsembiante F, Contiero B, Banzato T. A Machine Learning-Based Approach for Classification of Focal Splenic Lesions Based on Their CT Features. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:872618. [PMID: 35585859 PMCID: PMC9108536 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.872618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe the CT features of focal splenic lesions (FSLs) in dogs in order to predict lesion histotype. Dogs that underwent a CT scan and had a FSL diagnosis by cytology or histopathology were retrospectively included in the study. For the statistical analysis the cases were divided into four groups, based on the results of cytopatholoy or hystopathology, namely: nodular hyperplasia (NH), other benign lesions (OBLs), sarcoma (SA), round cell tumour (RCT). Several qualitative and quantitative CT features were described for each case. The relationship occurring between each individual CT feature and the histopathological groups was explred by means of c chi-square test for the count data and by means of Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA for the continuous data. Furthermore, the main features of each group were described using factorial discriminant analysis, and a decision tree for lesion classification was then developed. Sarcomas were characterised by large dimensions, a cystic appearance and an overall low post contrast-enhancement. NH and OBLs were characterised by small dimensions, a solid appearance and a high post-contrast enhancement. OBLs showed higher post-contrast values than NH. Lastly, RCTs did not exhibit any distinctive CT features. The proposed decision tree had a high accuracy for the classification of SA (0.89) and a moderate accuracy for the classification of OBLs and NH (0.79), whereas it was unable to classify RCTs. The results of the factorial analysis and the proposed decision tree could help the clinician in classifying FSLs based on their CT features. A definitive FSL diagnosis can only be obtained by microscopic examination of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Burti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zotti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Padua, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Padua, Italy
| | - Tommaso Banzato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Banzato
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Clinical validation of a next-generation sequencing-based multi-cancer early detection "liquid biopsy" blood test in over 1,000 dogs using an independent testing set: The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266623. [PMID: 35471999 PMCID: PMC9041869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, yet there are no established screening paradigms for early detection. Liquid biopsy methods that interrogate cancer-derived genomic alterations in cell-free DNA in blood are being adopted for multi-cancer early detection in human medicine and are now available for veterinary use. The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study is an international, multi-center clinical study designed to validate the performance of a novel multi-cancer early detection “liquid biopsy” test developed for noninvasive detection and characterization of cancer in dogs using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of blood-derived DNA; study results are reported here. In total, 1,358 cancer-diagnosed and presumably cancer-free dogs were enrolled in the study, representing the range of breeds, weights, ages, and cancer types seen in routine clinical practice; 1,100 subjects met inclusion criteria for analysis and were used in the validation of the test. Overall, the liquid biopsy test demonstrated a 54.7% (95% CI: 49.3–60.0%) sensitivity and a 98.5% (95% CI: 97.0–99.3%) specificity. For three of the most aggressive canine cancers (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma), the detection rate was 85.4% (95% CI: 78.4–90.9%); and for eight of the most common canine cancers (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, mast cell tumor, mammary gland carcinoma, anal sac adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma), the detection rate was 61.9% (95% CI: 55.3–68.1%). The test detected cancer signal in patients representing 30 distinct cancer types and provided a Cancer Signal Origin prediction for a subset of patients with hematological malignancies. Furthermore, the test accurately detected cancer signal in four presumably cancer-free subjects before the onset of clinical signs, further supporting the utility of liquid biopsy as an early detection test. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that NGS-based liquid biopsy can offer a novel option for noninvasive multi-cancer detection in dogs.
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Accuracy of B-mode ultrasound and ARFI elastography in predicting malignancy of canine splenic lesions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4252. [PMID: 35277580 PMCID: PMC8917151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography and ARFI elastography in detecting malignancy in canine splenic lesions. Thirty-seven spleens with abnormalities (16 benign and 21 malignant) from dogs of different breeds and ages were evaluated. Echogenicity, echotexture, organ length and height were evaluated using B-mode. By ARFI elastography, tissue stiffness was evaluated qualitatively (elastogram) and quantitatively (measuring the shear wave velocity-SWV). Lesions were classified as diffuse, focal or multifocal (cranial, medial or caudal portion) and comparisons of the SWV between the injured and non-injured areas were performed. In the B-mode, no features were associated to malignancy (P > 0.05). In the elastogram, 35 spleens were non-deformable and 2 deformable, having no association with malignancy. The greater SWV was observed in malignant lesions (3.4 ± 0.6 m/s), followed by areas free from alterations (2.1 ± 0.3 m/s) and benign lesions (1.7 ± 0.5 m/s), with difference between groups (P < 0.0001). It was found that a SWV > 2.6 m/s indicates malignancy of canine splenic lesions (sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 94% and accuracy of 97%), concluding that ARFI elastography is a promising technique for differentiating malignancy in these lesions.
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Armando F, Pigoli C, Gambini M, Ghidelli A, Ghisleni G, Corradi A, Passeri B, Caniatti M, Grieco V, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Resembling Human Atypical Neurofibroma in Goldfish ( Carassius auratus, Linnaeus, 1758). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092621. [PMID: 34573587 PMCID: PMC8467327 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In animals, especially in fish, dermal neoplasms are a common finding. A distinction between peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) and other spindle cell tumors (SCTs) is not always possible when relying exclusively on routine cytological and histopathological findings. The current study aims to determine a minimal subset of stains required to correctly identify PNSTs in goldfish and describes, in detail, six dermal nodules that resemble atypical neurofibroma in humans. Interestingly, muscular and fibroblastic tumors were excluded using Azan trichrome staining, while Alcian blue and Gomori’s reticulin stains revealed the presence of intratumoral areas of mucins and basement membrane fragments, respectively. In addition, PAS and PAS with diastase pretreatment confirmed the latter finding and revealed intra- and extracellular glycogen granules. Immunohistochemistry displayed reactivity for S100 protein, CNPase, and phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament-positive axons. Altogether, these findings suggested that Azan trichrome staining, Gomori’s reticulin staining, and immunohistochemistry for S100 protein and CNPase represent a useful set of stains to identify and characterize PNSTs in goldfish. Abstract Skin spindle cell tumors (SSTs) frequently occur in fishes, with peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) being the most commonly reported neoplasms in goldfish. However, distinguishing PNSTs from other SCTs is not always possible when relying exclusively on routine cytological and histopathological findings. Therefore, the aim of this study is to characterize six skin nodules, resembling atypical neurofibromas in humans, found in six cohabiting goldfish (Carassius auratus), and to determine a minimal subset of special stains required to correctly identify PNSTs in this species. Routine cytology and histopathology were indicative of an SCT with nuclear atypia in all cases, with randomly distributed areas of hypercellularity and loss of neurofibroma architecture. Muscular and fibroblastic tumors were excluded using Azan trichrome staining. Alcian blue and Gomori’s reticulin stains revealed the presence of intratumoral areas of glycosaminoglycans or mucins and basement membrane fragments, respectively. PAS and PAS–diastase stains confirmed the latter finding and revealed intra- and extracellular glycogen granules. Immunohistochemistry displayed multifocal, randomly distributed aggregates of neoplastic cells positive for S100 protein and CNPase, intermingled with phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament-positive axons. Collectively, these findings are consistent with a PNST resembling atypical neurofibroma in humans, an entity not previously reported in goldfish, and suggest that Azan trichrome staining, reticulin staining, and immunohistochemistry for S100 protein and CNPase represent a useful set of special stains to identify and characterize PNSTs in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.)
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Claudio Pigoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
- Laboratorio di Istologia, Sede Territoriale di Milano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Andrea Ghidelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
- Biessea Laboratorio Analisi Veterinarie, Via Amedeo D’Aosta 7, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Benedetta Passeri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Mario Caniatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.)
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Bertram CA, Stathonikos N, Donovan TA, Bartel A, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Lipnik K, van Diest PJ, Bonsembiante F, Klopfleisch R. Validation of digital microscopy: Review of validation methods and sources of bias. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:26-38. [PMID: 34433345 PMCID: PMC8761960 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Digital microscopy (DM) is increasingly replacing traditional light microscopy (LM) for performing routine diagnostic and research work in human and veterinary pathology. The DM workflow encompasses specimen preparation, whole-slide image acquisition, slide retrieval, and the workstation, each of which has the potential (depending on the technical parameters) to introduce limitations and artifacts into microscopic examination by pathologists. Performing validation studies according to guidelines established in human pathology ensures that the best-practice approaches for patient care are not deteriorated by implementing DM. Whereas current publications on validation studies suggest an overall high reliability of DM, each laboratory is encouraged to perform an individual validation study to ensure that the DM workflow performs as expected in the respective clinical or research environment. With the exception of validation guidelines developed by the College of American Pathologists in 2013 and its update in 2021, there is no current review of the application of methods fundamental to validation. We highlight that there is high methodological variation between published validation studies, each having advantages and limitations. The diagnostic concordance rate between DM and LM is the most relevant outcome measure, which is influenced (regardless of the viewing modality used) by different sources of bias including complexity of the cases examined, diagnostic experience of the study pathologists, and case recall. Here, we review 3 general study designs used for previous publications on DM validation as well as different approaches for avoiding bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof A Bertram
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Davies O, Taylor AJ. Refining the "double two-thirds" rule: Genotype-based breed grouping and clinical presentation help predict the diagnosis of canine splenic mass lesions in 288 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:548-558. [PMID: 32043696 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of the likely histopathological diagnosis of canine splenic masses can guide appropriate decision-making. This study explores the predictive effect of breed and clinical presentation on the diagnosis of a canine splenic mass. Records from the Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom (2007-2017) were reviewed. Dogs with a histopathologic or cytologic diagnosis from a splenic mass, or imaging findings consistent with disseminated metastatic disease, were included. Signalment, physical examination, haematology results, imaging findings and pathology reports were recorded. Breeds were grouped according to several permutations of their phenotype and then by clustering of breeds based on single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of malignancy and haemangiosarcoma. Two hundred and eighty-eight dogs were identified: 27% female and 63% male, 21% entire and 79% neutered; German Shepherd was the most common breed (11%). Median age was 10 years and median bodyweight 25 kg. Thirty-eight percent of dogs presented with haemoabdomen; a splenic mass was found incidentally in 28%. Sixty percent had a malignant tumour of which haemangiosarcoma comprised 66%. On multivariable analysis, genotype-based breed group (P = .004), haemoabdomen (P < .001) and neutrophil count (P = .025) predicted malignancy, and genotype-based breed group (P < .001) and haemoabdomen (P < .001) predicted haemangiosarcoma. Genotype-based breed group and occurrence of haemoabdomen may have predictive value to diagnose malignant splenic masses and more specifically haemangiosarcoma. The effect of genotype-based breed grouping was a superior predictor of the diagnosis of a canine splenic mass lesion compared with all phenotype-based groupings tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela J Taylor
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK
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