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Dembitz V, Durko J, Campos J, James SC, Lawson H, Kranc KR, Gallipoli P. Immunodeficient NBSGW mouse strain allows chemotherapy modeling in AML patient-derived xenografts. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e28. [PMID: 38434525 PMCID: PMC10878184 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Dembitz
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Present address: Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb School of Medicine Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jozef Durko
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Joana Campos
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Sophie C James
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Hannah Lawson
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research London UK
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
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2
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Brown FC, Carmichael CL. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Leukemias. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:31-40. [PMID: 38676794 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) modeling is a valuable tool for the study of leukemia pathogenesis, progression, and therapy response. Engraftment of human leukemia cells occurs following injection into the tail vein (or retro-orbital vein) of preconditioned immunocompromised mice. Injected mice are maintained in a sterile and supportive housing environment until leukemia engraftment is observed, at which time studies such as drug treatments or leukemia sampling can occur. Here, we outline a method for generating PDXs from Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patient samples using tail vein injection; however it can also be readily applied to T- and B- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Brown
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine L Carmichael
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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3
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Bruedigam C, Porter AH, Song A, Vroeg In de Wei G, Stoll T, Straube J, Cooper L, Cheng G, Kahl VFS, Sobinoff AP, Ling VY, Jebaraj BMC, Janardhanan Y, Haldar R, Bray LJ, Bullinger L, Heidel FH, Kennedy GA, Hill MM, Pickett HA, Abdel-Wahab O, Hartel G, Lane SW. Imetelstat-mediated alterations in fatty acid metabolism to induce ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:47-65. [PMID: 37904045 PMCID: PMC10824665 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase enables replicative immortality in most cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Imetelstat is a first-in-class telomerase inhibitor with clinical efficacy in myelofibrosis and myelodysplastic syndromes. Here, we develop an AML patient-derived xenograft resource and perform integrated genomics, transcriptomics and lipidomics analyses combined with functional genetics to identify key mediators of imetelstat efficacy. In a randomized phase II-like preclinical trial in patient-derived xenografts, imetelstat effectively diminishes AML burden and preferentially targets subgroups containing mutant NRAS and oxidative stress-associated gene expression signatures. Unbiased, genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 editing identifies ferroptosis regulators as key mediators of imetelstat efficacy. Imetelstat promotes the formation of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids, causing excessive levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis diminishes imetelstat efficacy. We leverage these mechanistic insights to develop an optimized therapeutic strategy using oxidative stress-inducing chemotherapy to sensitize patient samples to imetelstat causing substantial disease control in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bruedigam
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Amy H Porter
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Axia Song
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Stoll
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jasmin Straube
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne Cooper
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guidan Cheng
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vivian F S Kahl
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander P Sobinoff
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria Y Ling
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Yashaswini Janardhanan
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rohit Haldar
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura J Bray
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Jena, Germany
| | - Glen A Kennedy
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle M Hill
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven W Lane
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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4
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Si C, Nickerson K, Simmons T, Denton P, Nichols MR, Dysko RC, Hoenerhoff M, Mani R, Woods C, Henderson KS, Freeman ZT. Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Identification of Enterobacter hormaechei as Causative Agent of High Mortality Disease in NOD.Cg- PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2024; 52:67-80. [PMID: 38477038 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241231286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice, lacking many components of a mature immune system, are at increased risk of disease. General understanding of potential pathogens of these mice is limited. We describe a high mortality disease outbreak caused by an opportunistic bacterial infection in NSG mice. Affected animals exhibited perianal fecal staining, dehydration, and wasting. Histopathologic lesions included a primary necrotizing enterocolitis, with inflammatory and necrotizing lesions also occurring in the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain of some mice. All affected individuals tested negative for known opportunistic pathogens of immunodeficient mice. We initially identified a member of Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) in association with the outbreak by traditional diagnostics. ECC was cultured from extraintestinal organs, both with and without histopathologic lesions, suggesting bacteremia. Infrared spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry demonstrated that isolates from the outbreak shared molecular features and likely a common origin. We subsequently hypothesized that advanced sequencing methods would identify a single species of ECC associated with clinical disease. Using a novel targeted amplicon-based next-generation sequencing assay, we identified Enterobacter hormaechei in association with this outbreak. Knowledge of this organism as a potential opportunistic pathogen in NSG mice is critical for preclinical studies to prevent loss of animals and confounding of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Si
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rinosh Mani
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Cheryl Woods
- Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Philp LK. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Translational Prostate Cancer Research and Drug Development. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:153-185. [PMID: 38676802 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are a valuable preclinical research platform generated through transplantation of a patient's resected tumor into an immunodeficient or humanized mouse. PDXs serve as a high-fidelity avatar for both precision medicine and therapeutic testing against the cancer patient's disease state. While PDXs show mixed response to initial establishment, those that successfully engraft and can be sustained with serial passaging form a useful tool for basic and translational prostate cancer (PCa) research. While genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and human cancer cell lines, and their xenografts, each play beneficial roles in discovery science and initial drug screening, PDX tumors are emerging as the gold standard approach for therapeutic proof-of-concept prior to entering clinical trial. PDXs are a powerful platform, with PCa PDXs shown to represent the original patient tumor cell population and architecture, histopathology, genomic and transcriptomic landscape, and heterogeneity. Furthermore, PDX response to anticancer drugs in mice has been closely correlated to the original patient's susceptibility to these treatments in the clinic. Several PDXs have been established and have undergone critical in-depth characterization at the cellular and molecular level across multiple PCa tumor subtypes representing both primary and metastatic patient tumors and their inherent levels of androgen responsiveness and/or treatment resistance, including androgen-sensitive, castration resistant, and neuroendocrine PCa. Multiple PDX networks and repositories have been generated for the collaborative and shared use of these vital translational cancer tools. Here we describe the creation of a PDX maintenance colony from an established well-characterized PDX, best practice for PDX maintenance in mice, and their subsequent application in preclinical drug testing. This chapter aims to serve as a go to resource for the preparation and adoption of PCa PDX models in the research laboratory and for their use as a valuable preclinical platform for translational research and therapeutic agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kate Philp
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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6
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Liang F, Xu H, Cheng H, Zhao Y, Zhang J. Patient-derived tumor models: a suitable tool for preclinical studies on esophageal cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1443-1455. [PMID: 37537209 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the tenth most common cancer worldwide and has high morbidity and mortality. Its main subtypes include esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, which are usually diagnosed during their advanced stages. The biological defects and inability of preclinical models to summarize completely the etiology of multiple factors, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, and the genetic heterogeneity of tumors severely limit the clinical treatment of EC. Patient-derived models of EC not only retain the tissue structure, cell morphology, and differentiation characteristics of the original tumor, they also retain tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, compared with other preclinical models, they can better predict the efficacy of candidate drugs, explore novel biomarkers, combine with clinical trials, and effectively improve patient prognosis. This review discusses the methods and animals used to establish patient-derived models and genetically engineered mouse models, especially patient-derived xenograft models. It also discusses their advantages, applications, and limitations as preclinical experimental research tools to provide an important reference for the precise personalized treatment of EC and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yabo Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Junhe Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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7
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Martinez-Ruiz L, López-Rodríguez A, Florido J, Rodríguez-Santana C, Rodríguez Ferrer JM, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Escames G. Patient-derived tumor models in cancer research: Evaluation of the oncostatic effects of melatonin. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115581. [PMID: 37748411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new anticancer therapies tends to be very slow. Although their impact on potential candidates is confirmed in preclinical studies, ∼95 % of these new therapies are not approved when tested in clinical trials. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of accurate preclinical models. In this context, there are different patient-derived models, which have emerged as a powerful oncological tool: patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), patient-derived organoids (PDOs), and patient-derived cells (PDCs). Although all these models are widely applied, PDXs, which are created by engraftment of patient tumor tissues into mice, is considered more reliable. In fundamental research, the PDX model is used to evaluate drug-sensitive markers and, in clinical practice, to select a personalized therapeutic strategy. Melatonin is of particular importance in the development of innovative cancer treatments due to its oncostatic impact and lack of adverse effects. However, the literature regarding the oncostatic effect of melatonin in patient-derived tumor models is scant. This review aims to describe the important role of patient-derived models in the development of anticancer treatments, focusing, in particular, on PDX models, as well as their use in cancer research. This review also summarizes the existing literature on the anti-tumoral effect of melatonin in patient-derived models in order to propose future anti-neoplastic clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Ruiz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs), Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba López-Rodríguez
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs), Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Florido
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs), Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cesar Rodríguez-Santana
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs), Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Rodríguez Ferrer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs), Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs), Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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8
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Ghosh S, Fan F, Powell RT, Roszik J, Park YS, Stephan C, Sebastian M, Tan L, Sorokin AV, Lorenzi PL, Kopetz S, Ellis LM, Bhattacharya R. Vincristine Enhances the Efficacy of MEK Inhibitors in Preclinical Models of KRAS-mutant Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:962-975. [PMID: 37310170 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in KRAS are found in more than 50% of tumors from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, direct targeting of most KRAS mutations is difficult; even the recently developed KRASG12C inhibitors failed to show significant benefit in patients with mCRC. Single agents targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), a downstream mediator of RAS, have also been ineffective in colorectal cancer. To identify drugs that can enhance the efficacy of MEK inhibitors, we performed unbiased high-throughput screening using colorectal cancer spheroids. We used trametinib as the anchor drug and examined combinations of trametinib with the NCI-approved Oncology Library version 5. The initial screen, and following focused validation screens, identified vincristine as being strongly synergistic with trametinib. In vitro, the combination strongly inhibited cell growth, reduced clonogenic survival, and enhanced apoptosis compared with monotherapies in multiple KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cell lines. Furthermore, this combination significantly inhibited tumor growth, reduced cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis in multiple KRAS-mutant patient-derived xenograft mouse models. In vivo studies using drug doses that reflect clinically achievable doses demonstrated that the combination was well tolerated by mice. We further determined that the mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of the combination was due to enhanced intracellular accumulation of vincristine associated with MEK inhibition. The combination also significantly decreased p-mTOR levels in vitro, indicating that it inhibits both RAS-RAF-MEK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR survival pathways. Our data thus provide strong evidence that the combination of trametinib and vincristine represents a novel therapeutic option to be studied in clinical trials for patients with KRAS-mutant mCRC. SIGNIFICANCE Our unbiased preclinical studies have identified vincristine as an effective combination partner for the MEK inhibitor trametinib and provide a novel therapeutic option to be studied in patients with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Ghosh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Reid T Powell
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Sung Park
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Manu Sebastian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Tan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexey V Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lee M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajat Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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9
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Chuprin J, Buettner H, Seedhom MO, Greiner DL, Keck JG, Ishikawa F, Shultz LD, Brehm MA. Humanized mouse models for immuno-oncology research. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:192-206. [PMID: 36635480 PMCID: PMC10593256 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment paradigm for many malignancies and is transforming the drug development landscape. Although immunotherapeutic agents have demonstrated clinical efficacy, they are associated with variable clinical responses, and substantial gaps remain in our understanding of their mechanisms of action and specific biomarkers of response. Currently, the number of preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate interactions between the human immune system and tumours and enable evaluation of human-specific immunotherapies in vivo is limited. Humanized mice, a term that refers to immunodeficient mice co-engrafted with human tumours and immune components, provide several advantages for immuno-oncology research. In this Review, we discuss the benefits and challenges of the currently available humanized mice, including specific interactions between engrafted human tumours and immune components, the development and survival of human innate immune populations in these mice, and approaches to study mice engrafted with matched patient tumours and immune cells. We highlight the latest advances in the generation of humanized mouse models, with the aim of providing a guide for their application to immuno-oncology studies with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Chuprin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Buettner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mina O Seedhom
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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10
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Orwick A, Sears SM, Sharp CN, Doll MA, Shah PP, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. Lung cancer-kidney cross talk induces kidney injury, interstitial fibrosis, and enhances cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F287-F300. [PMID: 36727944 PMCID: PMC9988526 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00317.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer represent a unique patient population with increased susceptibility to kidney disease. Drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cancer is a common problem. Cisplatin is a highly effective treatment used in many solid-organ cancers and causes AKI in 30% of patients, increasing the risk of chronic kidney disease development. Most preclinical cisplatin toxicity studies have been completed in mice without cancer. We believe that the physiology of patients with cancer is not adequately represented in preclinical models, and the objective of this study was to determine how lung cancer will alter the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin. A genetically engineered mouse model and a syngeneic xenograft model of lung cancer were used. Mice were divided into the following four groups: 1) noncancer/vehicle, 2) noncancer/cisplatin, 3) cancer/vehicle, and 4) cancer/cisplatin. Mice were administered cisplatin via intraperitoneal injection once a week for 4 wk. Animals were euthanized 72 h following their final cisplatin injection. Mice with lung cancer had increased renal toxicity, injury, and fibrosis following repeated low doses of cisplatin. In addition, lung cancer alone induced kidney injury and fibrosis in the kidney before cisplatin treatment. In conclusion, this is the first study that we are aware of that assesses the impact of cancer on the kidney in conjunction with the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin. We believe that cancer is providing the first hit to the kidney and the subsequent damage from repeated doses of cisplatin becomes unsurmountable, leading to AKI and progression to chronic kidney disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patients with cancer have impaired kidney function and increased susceptibility to nephrotoxic agents. Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic with nephrotoxicity as the dose-limiting side effect. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity is almost exclusively studied in mice without cancer. Our current preclinical models do not adequately represent the complexity of patients with cancer. This study demonstrates increased renal toxicity, injury, and fibrosis in mice with lung cancer, which is exacerbated with cisplatin treatment. These results highlight the necessity of using preclinical models that more accurately capture the altered physiology of patients with cancer treated with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Orwick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Sophia M Sears
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Cierra N Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Parag P Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
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11
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Neuroimmune Responses in a New Experimental Animal Model of Cerebral Aspergillosis. mBio 2022; 13:e0225422. [PMID: 36040029 PMCID: PMC9600342 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02254-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of immunosuppressed individuals to the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus may result in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which can lead to the development of cerebral aspergillosis (CA), a highly lethal infection localized in the central nervous system (CNS). There are no experimental models of CA that effectively mimic human disease, resulting in a considerable knowledge gap regarding mechanisms of neurological pathogenicity and neuroimmune responses during infection. In this report, immunosuppressed mice (via acute, high-dose corticosteroid administration) challenged with A. fumigatus resting conidia intranasally, followed a day later by a 70-fold lower inoculum of pre-swollen conidia intravenously (IN + IV + steroid), demonstrated increased weight loss, signs of severe clinical disease, increased fungal burden in the brain, and significant reduction in survival compared to immunosuppressed mice challenged intranasally only (IN + steroid) or non-immunosuppressed mice challenged both intranasally and intravenously (IN + IV). The IN + IV + steroid group demonstrated significant decreases in monocytes, eosinophils, dendritic cells (DCs), and invasive natural killer T (iNKT) cells, but not neutrophils or γδ T cells, in the brain compared to the IN + IV group. Likewise, the IN + IV + steroid group had significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, CC motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the brain compared to the IN + IV group. IN + IV + steroid was superior to both IN + IV + chemotherapy (cytarabine + daunorubicin) and IN + IV + neutropenia for the development of CA. In conclusion, we have developed a well-defined, physiologically relevant model of disseminated CA in corticosteroid-induced immunosuppressed mice with a primary pulmonary infection. This model will serve to advance understanding of disease mechanisms, identify immunopathogenic processes, and help define the protective neuroinflammatory response to CA. IMPORTANCE Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) result in significant mortality in immunosuppressed individuals. Of these, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), caused by the opportunistic mold Aspergillus fumigatus, is the most lethal. Lethality in IPA is due to two main factors: destruction of the lung leading to compromised pulmonary function, and dissemination of the organism to extrapulmonary organs. Of these, the CNS is the most common site of dissemination. However, very little is known regarding the pathogenesis of or immune response during cerebral aspergillosis, which is directly due to the lack of an animal model that incorporates immunosuppression, lung infection, and consistent dissemination to the CNS/brain. In this report, we have developed a new experimental animal model of CA which includes the above parameters and characterized the neuroimmune response. We further compared this disseminated CA model to two additional immunosuppressive strategies. Overall, this model of disseminated CA following IPA in an immunosuppressed host provides a novel platform for studying the efficacy of antifungal drugs and immunotherapies for improving disease outcomes.
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12
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Fraker S, Atkinson B, Heredia A. Humanized mouse models for preclinical evaluation of HIV cure strategies. AIDS Rev 2022; 24:139-151. [PMID: 35622983 PMCID: PMC9643647 DOI: 10.24875/aidsrev.22000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the world is currently focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, HIV/AIDS remains a significant threat to public health. To date, the HIV/AIDS pandemic has claimed the lives of over 36 million people, while nearly 38 million people are currently living with the virus. Despite the undeniable success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in controlling HIV, the medications are not curative. Soon after initial infection, HIV integrates into the genome of infected cells as a provirus, primarily, within CD4+ T lymphocytes and tissue macrophages. When not actively transcribed, the provirus is referred to as a latent reservoir because it is hidden to the immune system and ART. Following ART discontinuation, HIV may emerge from the replication-competent proviruses and resumes the infection of healthy cells. Thus, these latent reservoirs are a major obstacle to an HIV cure, and their removal remains a priority. A vital aspect in the development of curative therapies is the demonstration of efficacy in an animal model, such as the humanized mouse model. Therefore, optimization, standardization, and validation of the humanized mouse model are a priority. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on existing humanized mouse models, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each as they pertain to HIV cure studies and to review the approaches to curative therapies that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Fraker
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Benjamin Atkinson
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Alonso Heredia
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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13
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Ferguson ID, Lin YHT, Lam C, Shao H, Tharp KM, Hale M, Kasap C, Mariano MC, Kishishita A, Patiño Escobar B, Mandal K, Steri V, Wang D, Phojanakong P, Tuomivaara ST, Hann B, Driessen C, Van Ness B, Gestwicki JE, Wiita AP. Allosteric HSP70 inhibitors perturb mitochondrial proteostasis and overcome proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1288-1302.e7. [PMID: 35853457 PMCID: PMC9434701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitor (PI) resistance remains a central challenge in multiple myeloma. To identify pathways mediating resistance, we first mapped proteasome-associated genetic co-dependencies. We identified heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) chaperones as potential targets, consistent with proposed mechanisms of myeloma cells overcoming PI-induced stress. We therefore explored allosteric HSP70 inhibitors (JG compounds) as myeloma therapeutics. JG compounds exhibited increased efficacy against acquired and intrinsic PI-resistant myeloma models, unlike HSP90 inhibition. Shotgun and pulsed SILAC mass spectrometry demonstrated that JGs unexpectedly impact myeloma proteostasis by destabilizing the 55S mitoribosome. Our data suggest JGs have the most pronounced anti-myeloma effect not through inhibiting cytosolic HSP70 proteins but instead through mitochondrial-localized HSP70, HSPA9/mortalin. Analysis of myeloma patient data further supports strong effects of global proteostasis capacity, and particularly HSPA9 expression, on PI response. Our results characterize myeloma proteostasis networks under therapeutic pressure while motivating further investigation of HSPA9 as a specific vulnerability in PI-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Ferguson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiu T Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Christine Lam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevin M Tharp
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143, USA
| | - Martina Hale
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Corynn Kasap
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology or Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Margarette C Mariano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Audrey Kishishita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA; Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bonell Patiño Escobar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Kamal Mandal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Veronica Steri
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Donghui Wang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Paul Phojanakong
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sami T Tuomivaara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Byron Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christoph Driessen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Brian Van Ness
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arun P Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.
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14
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Souto EP, Dobrolecki LE, Villanueva H, Sikora AG, Lewis MT. In Vivo Modeling of Human Breast Cancer Using Cell Line and Patient-Derived Xenografts. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:211-230. [PMID: 35697909 PMCID: PMC9433358 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, human breast cancer has been modeled largely in vitro using long-established cell lines primarily in two-dimensional culture, but also in three-dimensional cultures of varying cellular and molecular complexities. A subset of cell line models has also been used in vivo as cell line-derived xenografts (CDX). While outstanding for conducting detailed molecular analysis of regulatory mechanisms that may function in vivo, results of drug response studies using long-established cell lines have largely failed to translate clinically. In an attempt to address this shortcoming, many laboratories have succeeded in developing clinically annotated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of human cancers, including breast, in a variety of host systems. While immunocompromised mice are the predominant host, the immunocompromised rat and pig, zebrafish, as well as the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) have also emerged as potential host platforms to help address perceived shortcomings of immunocompromised mice. With any modeling platform, the two main issues to be resolved are criteria for "credentialing" the models as valid models to represent human cancer, and utility with respect to the ability to generate clinically relevant translational research data. Such data are beginning to emerge, particularly with the activities of PDX consortia such as the NCI PDXNet Program, EuroPDX, and the International Breast Cancer Consortium, as well as a host of pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations (CRO). This review focuses primarily on these important aspects of PDX-related research, with a focus on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Souto
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hugo Villanueva
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM-600; Room N1210, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Patient-derived tumor models are attractive tools to repurpose drugs for ovarian cancer treatment: Pre-clinical updates. Oncotarget 2022; 13:553-575. [PMID: 35359749 PMCID: PMC8959092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding of ovarian cancer biology, the progress in translation of research findings into new therapies is still slow. It is associated in part with limitations of commonly used cancer models such as cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models that lack proper representation of diversity and complexity of actual human tumors. In addition, the development of de novo anticancer drugs is a lengthy and expensive process. A promising alternative to new drug development is repurposing existing FDA-approved drugs without primary oncological purpose. These approved agents have known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicology and could be approved as anticancer drugs quicker and at lower cost. To successfully translate repurposed drugs to clinical application, an intermediate step of pre-clinical animal studies is required. To address challenges associated with reliability of tumor models for pre-clinical studies, there has been an increase in development of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), which retain key characteristics of the original patient’s tumor, including histologic, biologic, and genetic features. The expansion and utilization of clinically and molecularly annotated PDX models derived from different ovarian cancer subtypes could substantially aid development of new therapies or rapid approval of repurposed drugs to improve treatment options for ovarian cancer patients.
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16
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Wang J, Yin Y, Li Y, Yue X, Qi X, Sun M. The effects of solution-focused nursing on leukemia chemotherapy patients' moods, cancer-related fatigue, coping styles, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:6611-6619. [PMID: 34306404 PMCID: PMC8290694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of solution-focused nursing on leukemia chemotherapy patients' moods, cancer-related fatigue, coping styles, self-efficacy, and quality of life. METHODS A total of 103 patients who underwent leukemia chemotherapy in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively and were divided into two groups based on the intervention method. Group A underwent routine nursing intervention, and group B underwent solution-focused nursing. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores, the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) scores, the cancer-related fatigue self-rating scores, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) scores, and the Spitzer Quality of Life Index scores were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Compared with group A, group B had lower HAMA scores, lower MADRS scores, lower cognitive, behavioral, perception, and emotional scores, and higher self-efficacy scores (P<0.05). Group B had higher activity scores, and better psychological statuses, support from family and friends, health perception, and outlook on life than group A after the intervention (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Solution-focused nursing can alleviate leukemia chemotherapy patients' negative emotions and cancer-related fatigue, improve their coping styles, and increase their self-efficacy and quality of life.
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17
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Zhang T, Fu C, Alradwan I, Yen T, Lip H, Cai P, Rauth AM, Zhang L, Wu XY. Targeting Signaling Pathways of Hyaluronic Acid and Integrin Receptors by Synergistic Combination Nanocomposites Inhibits Systemic Metastases and Primary Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Chaoping Fu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Ibrahim Alradwan
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - TinYo Yen
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - HoYin Lip
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Ping Cai
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Andrew M. Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology University of Toronto 610 University Ave Toronto Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Liming Zhang
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
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18
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Wunderlich M, Manning N, Sexton C, O'Brien E, Byerly L, Stillwell C, Perentesis JP, Mulloy JC, Mizukawa B. PD-1 Inhibition Enhances Blinatumomab Response in a UCB/PDX Model of Relapsed Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642466. [PMID: 33928030 PMCID: PMC8076590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune therapies such as blinatumomab, CD19-directed bispecific CD3 T-cell Engager (BiTE), have resulted in significant improvements in outcomes for relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, up to half of blinatumomab treated patients do not respond completely or relapse after therapy. As a result, there is a need to identify potential strategies to improve the efficacy of BiTE therapy. The anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab has been shown to successfully activate T cells against a wide range of cancer types. Here, we tested the ability of umbilical cord blood (UCB) reconstituted mice to respond to blinatumomab therapy with or without concurrent pembrolizumab treatment. Humanized mice were engrafted with patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells derived from pediatric and adolescent/young adult (AYA) B-ALL patients who had either failed to achieve remission with negative minimum residual disease (MRD negative) or experienced a relapse. Mock-treated humanized mice engrafted with PDX cells efficiently developed overt disease within 30 days of engraftment of B-ALL. However, single agent therapy with either blinatumomab or pembrolizumab reduced disease burden in engrafted mice, with some mice observed to be MRD negative after the 28-day treatment course. Combination therapy significantly improved the percentage of MRD negative mice and improved long-term survival and cure rates as compared to mice that were given blinatumomab alone. Importantly, no benefits were observed in treated mice that lacked human immune cell reconstitution. These results indicate that UCB-humanized NRGS mice develop activatable immune function, and UCB-humanized PDX leukemia models can be used in preclinical studies to evaluate specificity, efficacy, and cooperativity of immune therapies in B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wunderlich
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nicole Manning
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christina Sexton
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Eric O'Brien
- Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Luke Byerly
- Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Cody Stillwell
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - John P Perentesis
- Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - James C Mulloy
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin Mizukawa
- Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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19
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Martinov T, McKenna KM, Tan WH, Collins EJ, Kehret AR, Linton JD, Olsen TM, Shobaki N, Rongvaux A. Building the Next Generation of Humanized Hemato-Lymphoid System Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643852. [PMID: 33692812 PMCID: PMC7938325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 1980s, mice have been repopulated with human hematopoietic cells to study the fundamental biology of human hematopoiesis and immunity, as well as a broad range of human diseases in vivo. Multiple mouse recipient strains have been developed and protocols optimized to efficiently generate these “humanized” mice. Here, we review three guiding principles that have been applied to the development of the currently available models: (1) establishing tolerance of the mouse host for the human graft; (2) opening hematopoietic niches so that they can be occupied by human cells; and (3) providing necessary support for human hematopoiesis. We then discuss four remaining challenges: (1) human hematopoietic lineages that poorly develop in mice; (2) limited antigen-specific adaptive immunity; (3) absent tolerance of the human immune system for its mouse host; and (4) sub-functional interactions between human immune effectors and target mouse tissues. While major advances are still needed, the current models can already be used to answer specific, clinically-relevant questions and hopefully inform the development of new, life-saving therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Martinov
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kelly M McKenna
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wei Hong Tan
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Emily J Collins
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Allie R Kehret
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonathan D Linton
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tayla M Olsen
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nour Shobaki
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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20
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Saito Y, Shultz LD, Ishikawa F. Understanding Normal and Malignant Human Hematopoiesis Using Next-Generation Humanized Mice. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:706-720. [PMID: 32631635 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models for human diseases contribute significantly to understanding human physiology and pathophysiology. However, given the accelerating pace of drug development, there is a crucial need for in vivo preclinical models of human biology and pathology. The humanized mouse is one tool to bridge the gap between traditional animal models and the clinic. The development of immunodeficient mouse strains with high-level engraftment of normal and diseased human immune/hematopoietic cells has made in vivo functional characterization possible. As a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, humanized mice functionally correlate putative mechanisms with in vivo behavior and help to reveal pathogenic mechanisms. Combined with single-cell genomics, humanized mice can facilitate functional precision medicine such as risk stratification and individually optimized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Saito
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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