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Sharma A, Kaur E, Joshi R, Kumari P, Khatri A, Swarnkar MK, Kumar D, Acharya V, Nadda G. Systematic analyses with genomic and metabolomic insights reveal a new species, Ophiocordyceps indica sp. nov. from treeline area of Indian Western Himalayan region. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1188649. [PMID: 37547690 PMCID: PMC10399244 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps is a species-rich genus in the order Hypocreales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) depicting a fascinating relationship between microbes and insects. In the present study, a new species, Ophiocordyceps indica sp. nov., is discovered infecting lepidopteran larvae from tree line locations (2,202-2,653 m AMSL) of the Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, Indian Western Himalayan region, using combinations of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. A phylogeny for Ophiocordyceps based on a combined multigene (nrSSU, nrLSU, tef-1α, and RPB1) dataset is provided, and its taxonomic status within Ophiocordycipitaceae is briefly discussed. Its genome size (~59 Mb) revealed 94% genetic similarity with O. sinensis; however, it differs from other extant Ophiocordyceps species based on morphological characteristics, molecular phylogenetic relationships, and genetic distance. O. indica is identified as the second homothallic species in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae, after O. sinensis. The presence of targeted marker components, viz. nucleosides (2,303.25 μg/g), amino acids (6.15%), mannitol (10.13%), and biological activity data, suggests it to be a new potential source of nutraceutical importance. Data generated around this economically important species will expand our understanding regarding the diversity of Ophiocordyceps-like taxa from new locations, thus providing new research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Sharma
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Functional Genomics and Complex System Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
| | - Abhishek Khatri
- Functional Genomics and Complex System Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Swarnkar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Functional Genomics and Complex System Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
| | - Gireesh Nadda
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Siddiqui SA, Li C, Aidoo OF, Fernando I, Haddad MA, Pereira JA, Blinov A, Golik A, Câmara JS. Unravelling the potential of insects for medicinal purposes - A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15938. [PMID: 37206028 PMCID: PMC10189416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomotherapy, the use of insects for medicinal purposes, has been practised for centuries in many countries around the world. More than 2100 edible insect species are eaten by humans, but little is known about the possibility of using these insects as a promising alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals for treating diseases. This review offers a fundamental understanding of the therapeutic applications of insects and how they might be used in medicine. In this review, 235 insect species from 15 orders are reported to be used as medicine. Hymenoptera contains the largest medicinal insect species, followed by Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, and Blattodea. Scientists have examined and validated the potential uses of insects along with their products and by-products in treating various diseases, and records show that they are primarily used to treat digestive and skin disorders. Insects are known to be rich sources of bioactive compounds, explaining their therapeutic features such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and so on. Challenges associated with the consumption of insects (entomophagy) and their therapeutic uses include regulation barriers and consumer acceptance. Moreover, the overexploitation of medicinal insects in their natural habitat has led to a population crisis, thus necessitating the investigation and development of their mass-rearing procedure. Lastly, this review suggests potential directions for developing insects used in medicine and offers advice for scientists interested in entomotherapy. In future, entomotherapy may become a sustainable and cost-effective solution for treating various ailments and has the potential to revolutionize modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, Germany
- Corresponding author. Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Chujun Li
- Guangzhou Unique Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 510663, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Owusu Fordjour Aidoo
- Department of Biological, Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, 00233, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Ito Fernando
- Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Moawiya A. Haddad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Jorge A.M. Pereira
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Andrey Blinov
- North Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355009, Stavropol, Russia
| | - Andrey Golik
- North Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355009, Stavropol, Russia
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Corresponding author. CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
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Zhang J, Wang N, Chen W, Zhang W, Zhang H, Yu H, Yi Y. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal metabolites difference between wild and cultivated Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112275. [PMID: 36596185 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a traditional medicinal fungus endemic to the alpine and high-altitude areas of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The scarcity of the wild resource has led to increased attention to artificially cultivated O. sinensis. However, little is known about the metabolic differences and the regulatory mechanisms between cultivated and wild O. sinensis. This study exploited untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to uncover the differences in accumulated metabolites and expressed genes between wild and cultivated O. sinensis. Metabolomics results revealed that 368 differentially accumulated metabolites were mainly enriched in biosynthesis of amino acids, biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites and purine nucleotide metabolism. Cultivated O. sinensis contained more amino acids and derivatives, carbohydrates and derivatives, and phenolic acids than wild O. sinensis, whereas the contents of most nucleosides and nucleotides in wild O. sinensis were significantly higher than in cultivated O. sinensis. Transcriptome analysis indicated that 4430 annotated differentially expressed genes were identified between two types. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses suggested that IMPDH, AK, ADSS, guaA and GUK genes might be related to the synthesis of purine nucleotides and nucleosides. Our findings will provide a new insight into the molecular basis of metabolic variations of this medicinal fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development in Guizhou Province, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Na Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wanxuan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development in Guizhou Province, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Haoshen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development in Guizhou Province, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development in Guizhou Province, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yin Yi
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry Administration, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development in Guizhou Province, School of life sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Liu Y, Guo ZJ, Zhou XW. Chinese Cordyceps: Bioactive Components, Antitumor Effects and Underlying Mechanism-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196576. [PMID: 36235111 PMCID: PMC9572669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Cordyceps is a valuable source of natural products with various therapeutic effects. It is rich in various active components, of which adenosine, cordycepin and polysaccharides have been confirmed with significant immunomodulatory and antitumor functions. However, the underlying antitumor mechanism remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the chemical characteristics of the main components and their pharmacological effects and mechanism on immunomodulatory and antitumor functions. The analysis revealed that Chinese Cordyceps promotes immune cells' antitumor function by via upregulating immune responses and downregulating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and resetting the immune cells' phenotype. Moreover, Chinese Cordyceps can inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumor cells by death (including apoptosis and autophagy) induction, cell-cycle arrest, and angiogenesis inhibition. Recent evidence has revealed that the signal pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) and serine/threonine kinase Akt were involved in the antitumor mechanisms. In conclusion, Chinese Cordyceps, one type of magic mushroom, can be potentially developed as immunomodulator and anticancer therapeutic agents.
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A New Strain of Lecanicillium uredinophilum Isolated from Tibetan Plateau and Its Insecticidal Activity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091832. [PMID: 36144439 PMCID: PMC9501334 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strain QHLA of Lecanicillium uredinophilum was isolated from a Chinese caterpillar fungus complex and its optimum growth temperature and fermentation conditions were studied. Its insecticidal activity was tested against larvae of seven different insect pests, including Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, Spodoptera exigua, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera frugiperda, Sitobion avenae, Hyalopterus perikonus, and Aphis citricola. The optimum growth temperature was 21–24 °C. The highest spore production of the strain QHLA was 4.08 × 106 spore/mL on solid medium with a nitrogen source of NH4Cl. However, the highest mycelial growth rate of the strain QHLA was on solid medium with a nitrogen source from yeast extract (4.63 ± 0.03 mm/d). When the liquid medium contained peptone, yeast extract, and glucose, the water content of the mycelia was the lowest, while the spore production was the highest until day 12. When the liquid medium contained glucose, tussah pupa powder, KH2PO4, and MgSO4, the mycelia production was highest until day 8. The bioassay for insecticidal activity indicated that the LC50 values of QHLA were 6.32 × 103 spore/mL and 6.35 × 103 spore/mL against Sitobion avenae and Aphis citricola, respectively, while the LC90 values of the strain QHLA against Aphis citricola and Sitobion avenae were 2.11 × 107 spore/mL and 2.36 × 108 spore/mL, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the strain QHLA was a high virulence pathogenic fungus against insect pests, with the potential to be developed as a microbial pesticide.
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Sun C, Li W, Qiu J, Qiao Y, Wu F, Huo X, An Y, Zhang B, Ma S, Zheng J, Ma X. Nucleosides and amino acids, isolated from Cordyceps sinensis, protected against cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in mice. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6056-6059. [PMID: 35188001 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2043307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengpeng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Dongguan Dongyangguang Cordyceps R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China
| | - Jianjian Qiu
- Dongguan Dongyangguang Cordyceps R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanling Qiao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue An
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Wei S, Peng W, Zhang C, Su L, Zhang Z, Wang J, Huang C, Chu Z. Cordyceps sinensis aqueous extract regulates the adaptive immunity of mice subjected to 60 Co γ irradiation. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5163-5177. [PMID: 34236103 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is known for treating various diseases, and particularly for exerting therapeutic effects in immune disorders. The adaptive immunoregulatory effects of CS aqueous extract (CSAE) on γ-irradiated mice have not been reported previously. The study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of CSAE in mice immunosuppressed by irradiation. We observed that CSAE administration significantly increased body weight and spleen index, as well as the number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets in peripheral blood, T and B lymphocytes in spleen tissue, and total serum immunoglobulins in irradiated mice, whereas total serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased. Collectively, CSAE maintained the structural integrity of spleen tissue and repaired its damage in irradiated mice as shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and decreased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive splenocytes. Mechanistically, CSAE upregulated Bcl-2, and downregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in spleen of irradiated mice. However, there were no significant differences in red blood cells and neutrophils in different groups. The results revealed that CSAE had protective effects against irradiation-induced immunosuppression, which was likely associated with an antiapoptotic effect and the regulation of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Naval Medical Research Institute, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibiao Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Naval Medical Research Institute, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Naval Medical Research Institute, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachun Wang
- Naval Medical Research Institute, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiguo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Naval Medical Research Institute, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Li RF, Zhou XB, Zhou HX, Yang ZF, Jiang HM, Wu X, Li WJ, Qiu JJ, Mi JN, Chen M, Zhong NS, Zhu GY, Jiang ZH. Novel Fatty Acid in Cordyceps Suppresses Influenza A (H1N1) Virus-Induced Proinflammatory Response Through Regulating Innate Signaling Pathways. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1505-1515. [PMID: 33490810 PMCID: PMC7818636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) infections usually cause acute lung injury characterized by exaggerated proinflammatory responses. The paucity of therapeutic strategies that target host immune response to attenuate lung injury poses a substantial challenge in management of IV infections. In this study, we chemically synthesized a novel fatty acid (2Z,4E)-deca-2,4-dienoic acid (DDEA) identified from Chinese Cordyceps by using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS techniques. The DDEA did not inhibit H1N1 virus replication but attenuated proinflammatory responses by reducing mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL-8/IL-8, CCL-2/MCP-1, CXCL-10/IP-10, CCL-3/MIP-1α, and CCL-4/MIP-1β in A549 cells and U937-derived macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect occurred through downregulations of TLR-3-, RIG-I-, and type I IFN-activated innate immune signaling pathways. Altogether, our results indicate that DDEA may potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory therapy for the treatment of IV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Feng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 519020, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 519020, China
| | | | - Zi-Feng Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 519020, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research
Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory
Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- KingMed
Virology Diagnostic & Translational Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hai-Ming Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research
Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory
Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research
Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory
Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wen-Jia Li
- Dongguan
HEC Cordyceps R&D Co.,Ltd, Dongguan 523850, China
| | - Jian-Jian Qiu
- Dongguan
HEC Cordyceps R&D Co.,Ltd, Dongguan 523850, China
| | - Jia-Ning Mi
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 519020, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 519020, China
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 519020, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research
Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory
Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 519020, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 519020, China
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Kaushik V, Singh A, Arya A, Sindhu SC, Sindhu A, Singh A. Enhanced production of cordycepin in Ophiocordyceps sinensis using growth supplements under submerged conditions. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 28:e00557. [PMID: 33294405 PMCID: PMC7691154 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin is a crucial bioactive compound produced by the fungus Cordyceps spp. Its therapeutic potential has been recognized for a wide range of biological properties such as anticancer, anti-diabetic, antidepressant, antioxidant, immunomodulation, etc. Moreover, its human random clinical trials depicted a promising anti-inflammatory activity that reduced the airway inflammation remarkably in asthmatic patients. But its overexploitation and low production of cordycepin in naturally growing biomass are insufficient to meet its existing market demand for its therapeutic use. Therefore, strategies for enhancement of cordycepin production in Cordyceps spp. are warranted. However, specifically, wild type Ophiocordyceps sinensis possesses a very low content of cordycepin and has restricted growth in natural mycelial biomass. To overcome these limitations, this study attempted to enhance cordycepin production in its mycelial biomass in vitro under submerged conditions by adding various growth supplements. The effect of these growth supplements was evaluated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) which demonstrated that among nucleosides- hypoxanthine and adenosine; amino acids-glycine and glutamine; plant hormones- 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA); vitamin-thiamine (B1) from each group of growth supplements yielded a higher amount of cordycepin with 466.48 ± 3.88, 380.23 ± 1.78, 434.97 ± 2.32, 269.78 ± 2.92, 227.61 ± 2.34, 226.02 ± 1.69 and 185.26 ± 2.35 mg/L respectively as compared to control with 13.66 ± 0.64 mg/L. Further, at the transcriptional level, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of genes associated with metabolism and cordycepin biosynthesis depicted significant upregulation of major downstream genes- NT5E, RNR, purA, and ADEK which corroborated well with RP-HPLC analysis. Taken together, the present study identified growth supplements as potential precursors to activate the cordycepin biosynthesis pathway leading to improved cordycepin production in O. sinensis.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, Analysis of Variance
- Cordycepin biosynthesis pathway
- Cordycepin production
- Growth supplements
- KH2PO4, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
- Medicinal mushroom
- MgSO4, Magnesium sulfate
- Mycelial biomass
- RP-HPLC, Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
- SDA, Sabouraud dextrose agar
- SEM, Standard error mean
- cDNA, Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
- dNTP, Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate
- mRNA, Messenger ribonucleic acid
- mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin
- qRT-PCR, Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Amanvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Aditi Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Sangeeta Chahal Sindhu
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Sindhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay Singh
- Haryana Agro Industries Corporation, Research and Development Centre, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
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