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Venkat V, Abdelhalim H, DeGroat W, Zeeshan S, Ahmed Z. Investigating genes associated with heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other cardiovascular diseases, and predicting disease using machine learning techniques for translational research and precision medicine. Genomics 2023; 115:110584. [PMID: 36813091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. CVDs like Heart Failure (HF) and Atrial Fibrillation (AF) are associated with physical effects on the heart muscles. As a result of the complex nature, progression, inherent genetic makeup, and heterogeneity of CVDs, personalized treatments are believed to be critical. Rightful application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches can lead to new insights into CVDs for providing better personalized treatments with predictive analysis and deep phenotyping. In this study we focused on implementing AI/ML techniques on RNA-seq driven gene-expression data to investigate genes associated with HF, AF, and other CVDs, and predict disease with high accuracy. The study involved generating RNA-seq data derived from the serum of consented CVD patients. Next, we processed the sequenced data using our RNA-seq pipeline and applied GVViZ for gene-disease data annotation and expression analysis. To achieve our research objectives, we developed a new Findable, Accessible, Intelligent, and Reproducible (FAIR) approach that includes a five-level biostatistical evaluation, primarily based on the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. During our AI/ML analysis, we have fitted, trained, and implemented our model to classify and distinguish high-risk CVD patients based on their age, gender, and race. With the successful execution of our model, we predicted the association of highly significant HF, AF, and other CVDs genes with demographic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Venkat
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Habiba Abdelhalim
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William DeGroat
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Saman Zeeshan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Sarra RR, Dinar AM, Mohammed MA, Ghani MKA, Albahar MA. A Robust Framework for Data Generative and Heart Disease Prediction Based on Efficient Deep Learning Models. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122899. [PMID: 36552906 PMCID: PMC9777498 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers including fasting blood sugar, heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, etc. are essential in the heart disease (HD) diagnosing. Using wearable sensors, these measures are collected and applied as inputs to a deep learning (DL) model for HD diagnosis. However, it is observed that model accuracy weakens when the data gathered are scarce or imbalanced. Therefore, this work proposes two DL-based frameworks, GAN-1D-CNN, and GAN-Bi-LSTM. These frameworks contain: (1) a generative adversarial network (GAN) and (2) a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) or bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM). The GAN model is utilized to augment the small and imbalanced dataset, which is the Cleveland dataset. The 1D-CNN and Bi-LSTM models are then trained using the enlarged dataset to diagnose HD. Unlike previous works, the proposed frameworks increase the dataset first to avoid the prediction bias caused by the limited data. The GAN-1D-CNN achieved 99.1% accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, F1-score, and 100% area under the curve (AUC). Similarly, the GAN-Bi-LSTM obtained 99.3% accuracy, 99.2% specificity, 99.3% sensitivity, 99.2% F1-score, and 100% AUC. Furthermore, time complexity of proposed frameworks is investigated with and without principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA method reduced prediction times for 61 samples using GAN-1D-CNN and GAN-Bi-LSTM to 68.8 and 74.8 ms, respectively. These results show that it is reliable to use our frameworks for augmenting limited data and predicting heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniya R. Sarra
- Computer Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M. Dinar
- Computer Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +964-770-307-2072
| | - Mazin Abed Mohammed
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Iraq
| | - Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
| | - Marwan Ali Albahar
- Department of Computer Science, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca 24211, Saudi Arabia
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Artificial Intelligence and Cardiovascular Genetics. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020279. [PMID: 35207566 PMCID: PMC8875522 DOI: 10.3390/life12020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygenic diseases, which are genetic disorders caused by the combined action of multiple genes, pose unique and significant challenges for the diagnosis and management of affected patients. A major goal of cardiovascular medicine has been to understand how genetic variation leads to the clinical heterogeneity seen in polygenic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent advances and emerging technologies in artificial intelligence (AI), coupled with the ever-increasing availability of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, now provide researchers with unprecedented possibilities for dynamic and complex biological genomic analyses. Combining these technologies may lead to a deeper understanding of heterogeneous polygenic CVDs, better prognostic guidance, and, ultimately, greater personalized medicine. Advances will likely be achieved through increasingly frequent and robust genomic characterization of patients, as well the integration of genomic data with other clinical data, such as cardiac imaging, coronary angiography, and clinical biomarkers. This review discusses the current opportunities and limitations of genomics; provides a brief overview of AI; and identifies the current applications, limitations, and future directions of AI in genomics.
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Dashdondov K, Kim MH. Mahalanobis Distance Based Multivariate Outlier Detection to Improve Performance of Hypertension Prediction. Neural Process Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11063-021-10663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Fletcher AJ, Lapidaire W, Leeson P. Machine Learning Augmented Echocardiography for Diastolic Function Assessment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:711611. [PMID: 34422935 PMCID: PMC8371749 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.711611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diastolic dysfunction is prevalent and is a diagnostic criterion for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction—a burgeoning global health issue. As gold-standard invasive haemodynamic assessment of diastolic function is not routinely performed, clinical guidelines advise using echocardiography measures to determine the grade of diastolic function. However, the current process has suboptimal accuracy, regular indeterminate classifications and is susceptible to confounding from comorbidities. Advances in artificial intelligence in recent years have created revolutionary ways to evaluate and integrate large quantities of cardiology data. Imaging is an area of particular strength for the sub-field of machine-learning, with evidence that trained algorithms can accurately discern cardiac structures, reliably estimate chamber volumes, and output systolic function metrics from echocardiographic images. In this review, we present the emerging field of machine-learning based echocardiographic diastolic function assessment. We summarise how machine-learning has made use of diastolic parameters to accurately differentiate pathology, to identify novel phenotypes within diastolic disease, and to grade diastolic function. Perspectives are given about how these innovations could be used to augment clinical practice, whilst areas for future investigation are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fletcher
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiac Physiology, Royal Papworth Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Winok Lapidaire
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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JAMTHIKAR AD, PUVVULA A, GUPTA D, JOHRI AM, NAMBI V, KHANNA NN, SABA L, MAVROGENI S, LAIRD JR, PAREEK G, MINER M, SFIKAKIS PP, PROTOGEROU A, KITAS GD, NICOLAIDES A, SHARMA AM, VISWANATHAN V, RATHORE VS, KOLLURI R, BHATT DL, SURI JS. Cardiovascular disease and stroke risk assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease using integration of estimated glomerular filtration rate, ultrasonic image phenotypes, and artificial intelligence: a narrative review. INT ANGIOL 2021; 40:150-164. [DOI: 10.23736/s0392-9590.20.04538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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