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Mohammed MA, Lakhan A, Abdulkareem KH, Khanapi Abd Ghani M, Abdulameer Marhoon H, Nedoma J, Martinek R. Multi-objectives reinforcement federated learning blockchain enabled Internet of things and Fog-Cloud infrastructure for transport data. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21639. [PMID: 38027596 PMCID: PMC10663859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past decade, there has been a significant increase in customer usage of public transport applications in smart cities. These applications rely on various services, such as communication and computation, provided by additional nodes within the smart city environment. However, these services are delivered by a diverse range of cloud computing-based servers that are widely spread and heterogeneous, leading to cybersecurity becoming a crucial challenge among these servers. Numerous machine-learning approaches have been proposed in the literature to address the cybersecurity challenges in heterogeneous transport applications within smart cities. However, the centralized security and scheduling strategies suggested so far have yet to produce optimal results for transport applications. This work aims to present a secure decentralized infrastructure for transporting data in fog cloud networks. This paper introduces Multi-Objectives Reinforcement Federated Learning Blockchain (MORFLB) for Transport Infrastructure. MORFLB aims to minimize processing and transfer delays while maximizing long-term rewards by identifying known and unknown attacks on remote sensing data in-vehicle applications. MORFLB incorporates multi-agent policies, proof-of-work hashing validation, and decentralized deep neural network training to achieve minimal processing and transfer delays. It comprises vehicle applications, decentralized fog, and cloud nodes based on blockchain reinforcement federated learning, which improves rewards through trial and error. The study formulates a combinatorial problem that minimizes and maximizes various factors for vehicle applications. The experimental results demonstrate that MORFLB effectively reduces processing and transfer delays while maximizing rewards compared to existing studies. It provides a promising solution to address the cybersecurity challenges in intelligent transport applications within smart cities. In conclusion, this paper presents MORFLB, a combination of different schemes that ensure the execution of transport data under their constraints and achieve optimal results with the suggested decentralized infrastructure based on blockchain technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Abed Mohammed
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Anbar, 31001, Iraq
- Department of Telecommunications, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Abdullah Lakhan
- Department of Cybersecurity and Computer Science, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi City 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
- Department of Telecommunications, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia
| | - Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon
- Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
- College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Jan Nedoma
- Department of Telecommunications, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Martinek
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Mohammed MA, Lakhan A, Abdulkareem KH, Abd Ghani MK, Marhoon HA, Kadry S, Nedoma J, Martinek R, Zapirain BG. Industrial Internet of Water Things architecture for data standarization based on blockchain and digital twin technology☆. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00297-7. [PMID: 37839503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Industrial Internet of Water Things (IIoWT) has recently emerged as a leading architecture for efficient water distribution in smart cities. Its primary purpose is to ensure high-quality drinking water for various institutions and households. However, existing IIoWT architecture has many challenges. One of the paramount challenges in achieving data standardization and data fusion across multiple monitoring institutions responsible for assessing water quality and quantity. OBJECTIVE This paper introduces the Industrial Internet of Water Things System for Data Standardization based on Blockchain and Digital Twin Technology. The main objective of this study is to design a new IIoWT architecture where data standardization, interoperability, and data security among different water institutions must be met. METHODS We devise the digital twin-enabled cross-platform environment using the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol to achieve seamless interoperability in heterogeneous computing. In water management, we encounter different types of data from various sensors. Therefore, we propose a CNN-LSTM and blockchain data transactional (BCDT) scheme for processing valid data across different nodes. RESULTS Through simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed IIoWT architecture significantly reduces processing time while improving the accuracy of data standardization within the water distribution management system. CONCLUSION Overall, this paper presents a comprehensive approach to tackle the challenges of data standardization and security in the IIoWT architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Abed Mohammed
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Anbar 31001, Iraq; Department of Telecommunications, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Abdullah Lakhan
- Department of Cybersecurity and Computer Science, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi City 74800, Sindh, Pakistan; Department of Telecommunications, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem
- College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah 66001, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia
| | - Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon
- Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Seifedine Kadry
- Seifedine is with the Department of Applied Data Science, Noroff University College, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Jan Nedoma
- Department of Telecommunications, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Martinek
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Mutlag AA, Ghani MKA, Mohd O, Abdulkareem KH, Mohammed MA, Alharbi M, Al-Araji ZJ. A new fog computing resource management (FRM) model based on hybrid load balancing and scheduling for critical healthcare applications. Physical Communication 2023; 59:102109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2023.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Sutopo J, Abd Ghani MK, Burhanuddin MA, Tundo T. Dance Gesture Recognition using Laban Movement Analysis with J48 Classification. IJEEI 2023; 11. [DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i2.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Yu L, Abd Ghani MK, Aghemo A, Barh D, Bassetti M, Catena F, Gallo G, Gholamrezanezhad A, Kamal MA, Lal A, Sahu KK, Saxena SK, Elmore U, Rahimi F, Robba C, Song Y, Xia Z, Yu B. SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Inflammation, Immunonutrition, and Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Curr Med Chem 2023:CMC-EPUB-130505. [PMID: 36998130 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230330092725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has claimed millions of lives worldwide in the past two years. Fatalities among the elderly with underlying cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and diabetes have particularly been high. A biometrics analysis on author's keywords was carried out, and searched for possible links between various coronavirus studies over the past 50 years, and integrated them. We found keywords like immune system, immunity, nutrition, malnutrition, micronutrients, exercise, inflammation, and hyperinflammation were highly related to each other. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the human immune system is a multilevel super complex system, which employs multiple strategies to contain microorganism infections and restore homeostasis. It was also found that the behavior of the immune system is not able to be described by a single immunological theory. However, one main strategy is "self-destroy and rebuild", which consists of a series of inflammatory responses: 1) active self-destruction of damaged/dysfunctional somatic cells; 2) removal of debris and cells; 3) rebuilding tissues. Thus, invading microorganisms' clearance could be only a passive bystander response to this destroy-rebuild process. Microbial infections could be self-limiting and promoted as an indispensable essential nutrition for the vast number of genes existing in the microorganisms. The transient nutrition surge resulting from the degradation of the self-destroyed cell debris coupled with the existing nutrition state in the patient may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Finally, a possible coping strategies to mitigate COVID-19, including vaccination is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligen Yu
- Talent Recruitment and Career Support (TRACS) Office, Nanyang Technological University, N2.1 B4-01, 76 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637331
| | - Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | - Debmalya Barh
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur WB, India
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa and Policlinico San Martino Hospital - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fausto Catena
- Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Amos Lal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55902
| | | | - Shailendra K Saxena
- Center for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow - 226003, India
| | - Ugo Elmore
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Farid Rahimi
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Ngunnawal and Ngambri Country, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 15, 16100 Genova, Italy
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China, 200032
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Boxuan Yu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Hendradi P, Ghani MKA, Mahfuzah S. A Literature Review of E-Learning Technology in Higher Education. JCSTS 2023; 5:01-07. [DOI: 10.32996/jcsts.2023.5.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the use of E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic as a consequence of the call for Work From Home (WFH) is increasingly massive. In contrast to regular times, E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic depends on available home resources. Technology plays an essential role in supporting the implementation of e-learning which must consider the resources available at home. This research is a systematic literature review using database sources from ScienceDirect and Emerald. The inclusion criteria are research that discusses e-learning in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2020) from a computer science perspective. An exclusion criterion is research examining e-learning in higher education from sources outside ScienceDirect. The search results from ScienceDirect obtained 518, and Emerald got 66 relevant articles. The next stage is reviewing abstracts and titles that focus on technology in e-learning on the lecturer and student side; We obtained 23 articles and then checked them in full text. This literature study shows that technology as a support for e-learning systems during the COVID-19 period in universities needs to consider the resources available at home, namely infrastructure and applications for students and teachers, for future work in the research of friendly e-learning technology to the availability of resources at home.
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Sarra RR, Dinar AM, Mohammed MA, Ghani MKA, Albahar MA. A Robust Framework for Data Generative and Heart Disease Prediction Based on Efficient Deep Learning Models. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122899. [PMID: 36552906 PMCID: PMC9777498 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers including fasting blood sugar, heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, etc. are essential in the heart disease (HD) diagnosing. Using wearable sensors, these measures are collected and applied as inputs to a deep learning (DL) model for HD diagnosis. However, it is observed that model accuracy weakens when the data gathered are scarce or imbalanced. Therefore, this work proposes two DL-based frameworks, GAN-1D-CNN, and GAN-Bi-LSTM. These frameworks contain: (1) a generative adversarial network (GAN) and (2) a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) or bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM). The GAN model is utilized to augment the small and imbalanced dataset, which is the Cleveland dataset. The 1D-CNN and Bi-LSTM models are then trained using the enlarged dataset to diagnose HD. Unlike previous works, the proposed frameworks increase the dataset first to avoid the prediction bias caused by the limited data. The GAN-1D-CNN achieved 99.1% accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, F1-score, and 100% area under the curve (AUC). Similarly, the GAN-Bi-LSTM obtained 99.3% accuracy, 99.2% specificity, 99.3% sensitivity, 99.2% F1-score, and 100% AUC. Furthermore, time complexity of proposed frameworks is investigated with and without principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA method reduced prediction times for 61 samples using GAN-1D-CNN and GAN-Bi-LSTM to 68.8 and 74.8 ms, respectively. These results show that it is reliable to use our frameworks for augmenting limited data and predicting heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniya R. Sarra
- Computer Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M. Dinar
- Computer Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +964-770-307-2072
| | - Mazin Abed Mohammed
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Iraq
| | - Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
| | - Marwan Ali Albahar
- Department of Computer Science, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca 24211, Saudi Arabia
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Abdulsaeed AA, Burhanuddin MA, Ghani MKA, Jaber MM. Critical factors that affecting adoption of e-learning based on cloud computing for Iraqi higher education organizations. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022:4357-4373. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.5822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cloud computing-based e-learning is one of the most popular techniques discovered to promote traditional instruction by software applications and a virtual learning environment. There are many factors that could be regarded in a company's effort to implement or embrace new technology initiatives. As in the literature, many scientists and researchers have particularly explored the factors that influence the adoption of cloud computing along with e-learning issues based on cloud computing that are derived from standards models such as Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The aim of the study is to identify critical factors that impact the adoption of cloud computing-based e-learning for Iraqi higher education organizations. Indeed, we identified the 14 critical factors that affect cloud computing uptake for e-learning system in higher education organizations such as compatibility, complexity, cost saving, security and privacy, integrity, and etc. This research examines the ideas and literature used to examine adoption of cloud computing to define future variables that may influence the adoption of cloud computing.
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Abstract
Telemedicine is the use of modern telecommunications and information technologies for the provision of clinical care to individuals at a distance, and transmission of information to provide that care. Recent advances in information technology and biomedicine increased significantly the technical feasibility, clinical feasibility and affordability enabled collaborative of telemedicine and medical service delivery. Health organizations around the world are becoming more interested in the acquisition and implementation the telemedicine technology to improve or expand existing services and patient care. The ultimate success of telemedicine in an organization requires the adoption of adequate care both technological and managerial issues. This study examined theadoption theories,the key management problem facing many health care organizations which interested in or currently evaluating telemedicine . this research models targeted the technology adoption and empirically evaluated in a study of the investigation involving more public health agencies and criticize the theories.Several research and management implications that emerged from the study results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian tunggal, Melaka, MALAYSIA
| | - Mustafa Musa Jaber
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian tunggal, Melaka, MALAYSIA
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Hendradi P, Ghani MKA, Mohamad SNM, Sasongko D. E-learning Service Framework Implementation for COVID-19 pandemic (Case study Informatic dept. Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang). UJMR 2021; 1:67-76. [DOI: 10.53017/ujmr.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Work from home is a way to reduce the development of the coronavirus termed COVID-19. In the world of education, we have been familiar with e-learning systems where learning is done with any time, any ware, anybody, and anyplace. Nevertheless, the readiness for implementation is not relaxed because there are technical and non-technical obstacles. There are four roles in e-learning wherein the role of instructor and student's role is the core, but the readiness of infrastructure and integration between systems is a problem in itself. The consequence of Work from home is to provide resources independently at home, with cost and geographical challenges. The development of E-learning 3.0, with its U-learning concept, gives a different dimension, especially in the use of cloud service provider applications. In this paper, the E-learning Service Framework is proposed by considering the results of a review of the LearningCube modeling, Interactive Mode Architecture, and Critical Success Factors.
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Madhloom JK, Abd Ghani MK, Baharon MR. Enhancement to the patient's health care image encryption system, using several layers of DNA computing and AES (MLAESDNA). PEN 2021; 9:928. [DOI: 10.21533/pen.v9i4.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Mutlag AA, Abd Ghani MK, Mohammed MA, Lakhan A, Mohd O, Abdulkareem KH, Garcia-Zapirain B. Multi-Agent Systems in Fog-Cloud Computing for Critical Healthcare Task Management Model (CHTM) Used for ECG Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:6923. [PMID: 34696135 PMCID: PMC8537170 DOI: 10.3390/s21206923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the developments in healthcare technologies have been increasing progressively in practice. Healthcare applications such as ECG monitoring, heartbeat analysis, and blood pressure control connect with external servers in a manner called cloud computing. The emerging cloud paradigm offers different models, such as fog computing and edge computing, to enhance the performances of healthcare applications with minimum end-to-end delay in the network. However, many research challenges exist in the fog-cloud enabled network for healthcare applications. Therefore, in this paper, a Critical Healthcare Task Management (CHTM) model is proposed and implemented using an ECG dataset. We design a resource scheduling model among fog nodes at the fog level. A multi-agent system is proposed to provide the complete management of the network from the edge to the cloud. The proposed model overcomes the limitations of providing interoperability, resource sharing, scheduling, and dynamic task allocation to manage critical tasks significantly. The simulation results show that our model, in comparison with the cloud, significantly reduces the network usage by 79%, the response time by 90%, the network delay by 65%, the energy consumption by 81%, and the instance cost by 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Awad Mutlag
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (M.K.A.G.); (O.M.)
- Ministry of Education/General Directorate of Curricula, Pure Science Department, Baghdad 10065, Iraq
| | - Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (M.K.A.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Mazin Abed Mohammed
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, 11, Ramadi 31001, Iraq
| | - Abdullah Lakhan
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Othman Mohd
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (M.K.A.G.); (O.M.)
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Yaacob NM, Basari ASH, Ghani MKA, Doheir M, Elzamly A. Factors and theoretical framework that influence user acceptance for electronic personalized health records. Pers Ubiquit Comput 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00779-021-01563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Kh-Madhloom J, Khanapi Abd Ghani M, Rizuan Baharon M. ECG Encryption Enhancement Technique with Multiple Layers of AES and DNA Computing. Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2021; 28:493-512. [DOI: 10.32604/iasc.2021.015129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Salahuddin L, Ismail Z, Abd Ghani MK, Mohd Aboobaider B, Hasan Basari AS. Exploring the contributing factors to workarounds to the hospital information system in Malaysian hospitals. J Eval Clin Pract 2020; 26:1416-1424. [PMID: 31863517 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify the factors influencing workarounds to the Hospital Information System (HIS) in Malaysian government hospitals. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 31 medical doctors in three Malaysian government hospitals on the implementation of the Total Hospital Information System (THIS) between March and May 2015. A thematic qualitative analysis was performed on the resultant data to deduce the relevant themes. RESULTS Five themes emerged as the factors influencing workarounds to the HIS: (a) typing skills, (b) system usability, (c) computer resources, (d) workload, and (e) time. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the key factors as to why doctors were involved in workarounds during the implementation of the HIS. It is important to understand these factors in order to help mitigate work practices that can pose a threat to patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizawati Salahuddin
- Centre for Advanced Computing Technology (C-ACT), Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (FTMK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Zuraini Ismail
- Advanced Informatics Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Centre for Advanced Computing Technology (C-ACT), Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (FTMK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Mohd Aboobaider
- Centre for Advanced Computing Technology (C-ACT), Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (FTMK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Abd Samad Hasan Basari
- Centre for Advanced Computing Technology (C-ACT), Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (FTMK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
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Mutlag AA, Khanapi Abd Ghani M, Mohammed MA, Maashi MS, Mohd O, Mostafa SA, Abdulkareem KH, Marques G, de la Torre Díez I. MAFC: Multi-Agent Fog Computing Model for Healthcare Critical Tasks Management. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20071853. [PMID: 32230843 PMCID: PMC7180887 DOI: 10.3390/s20071853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In healthcare applications, numerous sensors and devices produce massive amounts of data which are the focus of critical tasks. Their management at the edge of the network can be done by Fog computing implementation. However, Fog Nodes suffer from lake of resources That could limit the time needed for final outcome/analytics. Fog Nodes could perform just a small number of tasks. A difficult decision concerns which tasks will perform locally by Fog Nodes. Each node should select such tasks carefully based on the current contextual information, for example, tasks’ priority, resource load, and resource availability. We suggest in this paper a Multi-Agent Fog Computing model for healthcare critical tasks management. The main role of the multi-agent system is mapping between three decision tables to optimize scheduling the critical tasks by assigning tasks with their priority, load in the network, and network resource availability. The first step is to decide whether a critical task can be processed locally; otherwise, the second step involves the sophisticated selection of the most suitable neighbor Fog Node to allocate it. If no Fog Node is capable of processing the task throughout the network, it is then sent to the Cloud facing the highest latency. We test the proposed scheme thoroughly, demonstrating its applicability and optimality at the edge of the network using iFogSim simulator and UTeM clinic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Awad Mutlag
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia; (M.K.A.G.); (O.M.)
- Ministry of education/general directorate of curricula, pure science department, Baghdad 10065, Iraq
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia; (M.K.A.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Mazin Abed Mohammed
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, 11, Ramadi 55431, Anbar, Iraq
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mashael S. Maashi
- Software Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Othman Mohd
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia; (M.K.A.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Salama A. Mostafa
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor 86400, Malaysia;
| | | | - Gonçalo Marques
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Isabel de la Torre Díez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
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Abed Mohammed M, Khanapi Abd Ghani M, Ibrahim Obaid O, Mostafa SA, Sharifuddin Ahmad M, Ahmed Ibrahim D, Burhanuddin M. A Review of Genetic Algorithm Applications in Solving Vehicle Routing Problem. J Eng Applied Sci 2019; 14:4267-4283. [DOI: 10.36478/jeasci.2017.4267.4283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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18
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Sutopo J, Ghani MKA, Burhanuddin M, Ardiansyah H, Mohammed MA. The Synchronisation Of Motion Capture Results In The Animation Character Reinforcement Process. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 2019; 54. [DOI: 10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Animation is a collection of frames that express a motion activity. The animation consists of actors, characters and performance components that present a story — one of the technologies in making an animation with motion capture. The results of catching motion in the form of motion record data are then synchronised to animated characters. However, the problem is that there are difficulties in synchronising animated characters with the results of catching motion so that the motion can be more subtle. On capture, this motion uses Kinect as a motion capture sensor for actors. The results of this capture then become motion data. The synchronisation of motion data from the motion capture results with Kinect then adjusts the joint body character points, frames, time with three-dimensional (3D) animated characters according to the flow of character actors. This synchronisation is adjusted to the recording of character movements starting from the motion of humans, animals and objects that invite motion activity with motion capture methods both marked and without markers. In making 3D, there are models of giving a body or bone frame (rigging) after giving the body frames is done by giving visual effects, lighting, rendering, and compositing. Rigging is the installation of bones to characters used to place and manipulate animated controls on characters that will be animated to produce the desired gesture. Animation synchronisation is to create animated characters manually; the file is used for. The synchronisation is Biovision Hierarchy (BVH) with gesture giving movement without having to save the keyboard in every animation movement manually.
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Mostafa SA, Mustapha A, Mohammed MA, Hamed RI, Arunkumar N, Abd Ghani MK, Jaber MM, Khaleefah SH. Examining multiple feature evaluation and classification methods for improving the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. COGN SYST RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mutlag AA, Abd Ghani MK, Arunkumar N, Mohammed MA, Mohd O. Enabling technologies for fog computing in healthcare IoT systems. Future Generation Computer Systems 2019; 90:62-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.future.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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21
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Azman N, Abd Ghani MK, Satria MH, Zillullah Mukaram M. Development of Embedded System for Centralized Insomnia System. EECSI 2018; 5. [DOI: 10.11591/eecsi.v5i5.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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22
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Azman N, Abd Ghani MK, Satria MH, Zillullah Mukaram M. Development of Embedded System for Centralized Insomnia System. EECSI 2018; 5. [DOI: 10.11591/eecsi.v5.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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23
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Azman N, Satria MH, Zillullah Mukaram M, Abd Ghani MK. Development of Embedded System for Centralized Insomnia System. 2018 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI) 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/eecsi.2018.8752624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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24
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Mohammed MA, Gunasekaran SS, Mostafa SA, Mustafa A, Ghani MKA. Implementing an Agent-based Multi-Natural Language Anti-Spam Model. 2018 International Symposium on Agent, Multi-Agent Systems and Robotics (ISAMSR) 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/isamsr.2018.8540555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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25
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Naim MH, Ghani MKA, Basari ASH, Aboobaider BM, Salahuddin L, Rashid WNA, Kai GJ. Synchronization Technique via Raspbery Pi as Middleware for Hospital Information System. Hybrid Intelligent Systems 2018:262-271. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76351-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Mohammed MA, Abd Ghani MK, Hamed RI, Ibrahim DA, Abdullah MK. Artificial neural networks for automatic segmentation and identification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Journal of Computational Science 2017; 21:263-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocs.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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27
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Mohammed MA, Ghani MKA, Hamed RI, Ibrahim DA. Analysis of an electronic methods for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Prevalence, diagnosis, challenges and technologies. Journal of Computational Science 2017; 21:241-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocs.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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28
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Abd Ghani MK. Simulating the Transmission and Recovery from Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) to Understand the Impact of Experimental Drug Might Have in Three West African Countries. J Healthc Commun 2017; 02. [DOI: 10.4172/2472-1654.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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29
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Khanapi Abd Ghani M, Musa Jaber M. The Effect of Patient Privacy on Telemedicine Implementation in Developing Countries: Iraq Case Study. RJASET 2015; 11:1233-1237. [DOI: 10.19026/rjaset.11.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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30
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Abd Ghani MK, Aris F. THE DESIGN OF MOBILE PERSONALISED HEALTH RECORDS. Jurnal Teknologi 2015; 77. [DOI: 10.11113/jt.v77.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pervasive Electronic Health Record provides important medical history record for an individual within a healthcare system. By using pervasive storage devices, patient’s health records can be accessed electronically by authorized healthcare providers and healthcare professionals in the right place at the right time. However, the research found that not all healthcare practitioners are ready to adopt this approach and mobile technology into their daily work while providing healthcare services to the patients. This is important indicators to be acquired before implementing the technology in the real environment of healthcare. The aim for this paper is to identify the crucial clinical dataset to be captured and viewed by the healthcare professionals and important design components for mobile personalized health records. The input will indicate that the healthcare professional tend to use the technology. In addition, the collected datasets could be used as input to design mobile personalized health record application.
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Ikram RRR, Ghani MKA, Abdullah N. An analysis of application of health informatics in Traditional Medicine: A review of four Traditional Medicine Systems. Int J Med Inform 2015; 84:988-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abd Ghani MK, Jaber MM. Willingness to Adopt Telemedicine in Major Iraqi Hospitals: A Pilot Study. Int J Telemed Appl 2015; 2015:136591. [PMID: 26557848 PMCID: PMC4618329 DOI: 10.1155/2015/136591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Iraqi healthcare services are struggling to regain their lost momentum. Many physicians and nurses left Iraq because of the current situation in the country. Despite plans of calling back the skilled health workforce, they are still worried by the disadvantages of their return. Hence, technology plays a central role in taking advantage of their profession through the use of telemedicine. Studying the factors that affect the implementation of telemedicine is necessary. Telemedicine covers network services, policy makers, and patient understanding. A framework that includes the influencing factors in adopting telemedicine in Iraq was developed in this study. A questionnaire was distributed among physicians in Baghdad Medical City to examine the hypothesis on each factor. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was utilized to verify the reliability of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha test shows that the factors have values more than 0.7, which are standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, 75450 Ayer Keroh, Malacca, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Musa Jaber
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies (BIOCORE) Applied Research Group, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, 75450 Ayer Keroh, Malacca, Malaysia
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Jaber MM, Ghani MKA, Suryana N, Mohammed MA, Abbas T. Flexible Data Warehouse Parameters: Toward Building an Integrated Architecture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7763/ijcte.2015.v7.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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35
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Ghani MKA, Ikram RRR, Basari ASH. Computerised systems framework for the halal pharmaceuticals. IJTMCP 2015; 1:77. [DOI: 10.1504/ijtmcp.2015.069474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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36
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Ghani MKA, Bali RK, Naguib RNG, Marshall IM. The Analysis and Design of a Pervasive Health Record: Perspectives From Malaysia. Pervasive Health Knowledge Management 2013:81-101. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4514-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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37
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Abd Ghani MK, Dewi IN. Comparing speech recognition and text writing in recording patient health records. 2012 IEEE-EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences 2012. [DOI: 10.1109/iecbes.2012.6498100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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38
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Abd. Rahim Y, Sahib S, Khanapi Abd Ghani M. Pseudonmization Techniques for Privacy Study with Clinical Data. IJIS 2012; 2:75-78. [DOI: 10.5923/j.ijis.20120206.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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39
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Noma NG, Abd Ghani MK. Discovering pattern in medical audiology data with FP-growth algorithm. 2012 IEEE-EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences 2012. [DOI: 10.1109/iecbes.2012.6498081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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40
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M.Almangush H, Khanapi Abd Ghani M, Bashir Abugharsa A. A Novel Reversible Data Hiding Technique with High Capacity and Less Overhead Information. IJCA 2012; 43:42-47. [DOI: 10.5120/6214-8916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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41
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Abd Ghani MK, Lee Chew Wen. The design of flexible Pervasive Electronic Health Record (PEHR). 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering 2011. [DOI: 10.1109/chuser.2011.6163727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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42
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Ghani MKA, Bali RK, Naguib RN, Marshall IM, Wickramasinghe NS. Critical analysis of the usage of patient demographic and clinical records during doctor-patient consultations: a Malaysian perspective. IJHTM 2010. [DOI: 10.1504/ijhtm.2010.033279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abd Ghani MK, Bali RK, Naguib RNG, Marshall IM. Electronic health records approaches and challenges: a comparison between Malaysia and four East Asian countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:78-104. [PMID: 18583297 DOI: 10.1504/ijeh.2008.018922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An integrated Lifetime Health Record (LHR) is fundamental for achieving seamless and continuous access to patient medical information and for the continuum of care. However, the aim has not yet been fully realised. The efforts are actively progressing around the globe. Every stage of the development of the LHR initiatives had presented peculiar challenges. The best lessons in life are those of someone else's experiences. This paper presents an overview of the development approaches undertaken by four East Asian countries in implementing a national Electronic Health Record (EHR) in the public health system. The major challenges elicited from the review including integration efforts, process reengineering, funding, people, and law and regulation will be presented, compared, discussed and used as lessons learned for the further development of the Malaysian integrated LHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani
- Biomedical Computing and Engineering Technologies Applied, Research Group (BIOCORE), Faculty of Computing and Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
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