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Albright DL, McDaniel J, Suntai Z, Horan H, Hirsch B. Is Subjective Cognitive Decline Associated with Behavioral Health Outcomes Among Mothers? Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:820-827. [PMID: 37906401 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggests that pregnancy can alter the maternal neurological function of the brain (i.e., result in cognitive decline) in a way that remains prevalent well into middle and older adulthood. However, little research has explored these changes and how they might affect behavioral health outcomes, such as substance use and depression. METHODS We merged data from the 2016, 2017, and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys, with a final analytic sample of 1330 female participants (649 participants were mothers). Chi-square tests or t-tests were used to examine differences in demographic and health characteristics of the sample by subjective cognitive decline (SCD) status. To test the study hypotheses, three generalized linear mixed models were estimated with a logit link. RESULTS SCD was not associated with alcohol misuse among mothers (aOR = 0.27, p = 0.23). Mothers with SCD were more likely to smoke (aOR = 3.33, p = 0.01) and experience mental distress (aOR = 6.59, p < 0.001) than those without SCD. CONCLUSION Interventions aimed at supporting mothers should consider how existing mental health and tobacco cessation programs can be adapted to better serve this population and should aim to identify those that may have early signs of early signs of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin McDaniel
- Public Health and Recreation Professions, Southern Illinois University, 1263 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | | | - Holly Horan
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Brandon Hirsch
- Public Health and Recreation Professions, Southern Illinois University, 1263 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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Żyrek J, Klimek M, Apanasewicz A, Ciochoń A, Danel DP, Marcinkowska UM, Mijas M, Ziomkiewicz A, Galbarczyk A. Social support during pregnancy and the risk of postpartum depression in Polish women: A prospective study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6906. [PMID: 38519648 PMCID: PMC10959954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Social support has been proposed as an important determinant of women's physical and emotional well-being during pregnancy and after childbirth. Our study aimed to examine the association between the risk of postpartum depression (PPD) and perceived social support during pregnancy. A web-based prospective study survey was conducted among Polish women. The level of social support was measured with the Berlin Social Support Scales during pregnancy. Four weeks after the birth the risk of PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Data from 932 mothers aged 19-43 (mean 30.95; SD 3.83) were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Higher perceived available support (emotional and instrumental), currently received support (emotional, instrumental and informational), satisfaction with the support, and sum of score were all associated with lower risk of PPD, after controlling for selected covariates (woman's age, socioeconomic status, parity status, place of residency, education, child's Apgar score, type of delivery, complications during birth, kin assisting the labor, breastfeeding). Our results suggest that the more social support the pregnant woman receives, the lower is her risk of PPD. Since humans evolved as cooperative breeders, they are inherently reliant on social support to raise children and such allomaternal help could improve maternal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Żyrek
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- BirthRites Lise Meitner Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Magdalena Klimek
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Apanasewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ciochoń
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz P Danel
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula M Marcinkowska
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mijas
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Ziomkiewicz
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
- BirthRites Lise Meitner Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
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Foschiera RW, Moro JP, Getulino FDA, Carpena MX, Costa FDS, Blumenberg C, Martins RC, Martins-Silva T, Marmitt LP, Goicochea A, Meucci R, Cesar J, Loret de Mola C. The association between maternal fears about their infant/ toddler during the COVID-19 pandemic and depression and anxiety: a birth cohort study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2023; 45:491-497. [PMID: 37956257 PMCID: PMC10897775 DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between maternal fears about their infant/toddler and depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In 2019, all mothers who gave birth in hospitals in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil were asked to respond to a standardized questionnaire (baseline). We followed them between May-June 2020 (first follow-up point), August-December 2020 (second follow-up point), and from October 2021 to March 2022 (third follow-up point), and asked them if they were: (1) afraid that their infant/toddler would become infected with COVID or get sick (yes/no), (2) afraid that they would contaminate their own child with COVID, and/or (3) worried about the pandemic's effects on their child's future. At baseline and at all follow-up points, we assessed depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, creating symptom trajectories using group-based trajectory modelling. We used multinomial logistic regression to calculate adjusted relative risk ratios (RRR). RESULTS A total of 1,296 mothers participated. Worrying about the pandemic's effects on their child's future and the fear of contaminating their own child with COVID-19 increased the risk of raising depressive symptoms to a clinical level (RRR = 4.97, 95%CI 2.32-10.64 and RRR = 3.87, 95%CI 1.58-9.47, respectively) and anxiety to a moderate level (RRR = 2.91, 95%CI 1.69-5.01 and RRR = 1.86, 95%CI 1.03-3.35, respectively). CONCLUSION Fear for their children increased maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marina Xavier Carpena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francine Dos Santos Costa
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Saúde, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Causale Consultoria, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cauane Blumenberg
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Grupo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Saúde, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Causale Consultoria, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Centro de Pesquisas em Desenvolvimento Humano e Violência, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Costa Martins
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Saúde, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Centro de Pesquisas em Desenvolvimento Humano e Violência, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Saúde, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Centro de Pesquisas em Desenvolvimento Humano e Violência, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Patrícia Marmitt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Meucci
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juraci Cesar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Christian Loret de Mola
- Grupo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Saúde, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Tani Y, Isumi A, Doi S, Fujiwara T. Number of Siblings and Social Capital Among Parents Rearing Schoolchildren: Results From the A-CHILD Study. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:478-483. [PMID: 35644534 PMCID: PMC10409528 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having siblings may foster sociality; however, little is known about whether sibling number determines social capital, the resources obtained through social networks. We examined the association between sibling number and social capital among Japanese parents rearing schoolchildren. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the 2018 and 2019 Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study, targeting all primary and junior high school students and their parents in Adachi, Tokyo, Japan (n = 8,082). Individual-level social capital was evaluated by assessing caregivers' social cohesion, social support, and group affiliation. All analyses were adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS An inverse U-shaped association was found between sibling number and social capital. Adults who grew up with one or two, but not three or more siblings had greater social support (coefficient = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.40 and coefficient = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29-0.64, respectively) than those who grew up as an only child, after covariate adjustment. Adults who grew up with two or three, but not one or four or more siblings had greater group affiliation (coefficient = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.16 and coefficient = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.18, respectively) than those who grew up as an only child, after covariate adjustment. Sibling number was not associated with social cohesion. CONCLUSION Growing up with one to three siblings was associated with higher social capital in adulthood than being an only child. Having siblings may provide an opportunity to foster social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Lasater ME, Beebe M, Warren NE, Winch PJ, Soucko F, Keita M, Doumbia S, Murray SM. Reliability and validity of a perinatal depression screening instrument in rural Mali. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 2:100059. [PMID: 36644110 PMCID: PMC9835090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to reduce the burden of perinatal depression in low- and middle-income countries, health systems must be able to identify and treat women suffering from depression. The objective of our study was to develop a locally valid and reliable screening instrument for use in identifying pregnant women and mothers of young children with a local depression syndrome, dusukasi, in rural Mali. Methods We administered a locally adapted screening instrument containing items from the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) to 180 pregnant women and mothers of children under age 2 in Sélingué, Mali to assess the instrument's psychometric properties and validity. Item Response Theory was used to develop an abbreviated version of the measure and the validity and psychometric properties of this shortened version were compared with the full-length scale. Results The full 28-item scale exhibited a single factor structure with good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92). Women who self-identified as suffering from dusukasi (n = 87) in a known groups analysis to assess construct validity had significantly higher depression and anxiety symptom scores (p < 0.0001) and functional impairment scores (p < 0.0001) compared to women not reporting dusukasi (n = 93). The shortened 16-item scale performed as well as the full scale in identifying women with dusukasi. Conclusions Construct validity of our adapted screening instrument was supported for identifying dusukasi in rural Malian women. Our methodology can be applied in other settings to develop similarly valid screening instruments for perinatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Lasater
- Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,Corresponding author. 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21205. (M.E. Lasater)
| | - Madeleine Beebe
- Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nicole E. Warren
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peter J. Winch
- Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Fatoumata Soucko
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Mariam Keita
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Sarah M. Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Nguyen HTT, Hoang AP, Do LTK, Schiffer S, Nguyen HTH. The Rate and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Vietnam From 2010 to 2020: A Literature Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:731306. [PMID: 34777111 PMCID: PMC8578872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is commonly seen in women after birth and can lead to adverse effects on both the health of mothers and child(ren) development. In Vietnam, there have been a number of studies examining the rate and risk factors of PPD, but none has provided a systematic review. Aim: This current literature review aims to summarize and synthesize the current state of knowledge of studies conducted in Vietnam to provide a comprehensive understanding of the PPD phenomena during the last 10 years. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted relying on the most common online databases—MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, which included articles if they (i) examined prevalence or risk factors of PPD; (ii) were conducted among Vietnamese participants using either quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method, and (iii) were published from 2010 to 2020. After the filtering process, 18 articles were eligible to be reviewed. Results: Research studies in Vietnam on PPD are conducted among women at and after 1-month delivery. The rate of PPD reported in Vietnam among mothers at postnatal time points from 1 to 12 months ranged from 8.2 to 48.1%. Risk factors can be clustered into three groups: personal factors, family factors, and environmental factors. Recommendation: Further research studies should focus on examining PPD at an earlier stage within the first month after birth. The investigation of risk factors in a comprehensive manner for Vietnamese mothers would also be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anh Phuong Hoang
- College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ly Thi Kim Do
- 47B General Surgery Department, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Jidong DE, Husain N, Francis C, Murshed M, Roche A, Ike TJ, Karick H, Dagona ZK, Pwajok JY, Nyam PP, Mwankon SB, Gumber A. Mental health experiences of mothers in Jos, Nigeria: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:2050312120970714. [PMID: 33889409 PMCID: PMC8040383 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120970714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an increasing mental health disease burden in mothers with infants and young children, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. Children of distressed mothers suffer early-life exposure from the effects of maternal distress which contributes to the risk of physical and mental health problems in their childhood and beyond. This study explored mental health lived experiences of mothers in Jos, Nigeria. METHODS Purposive and Snowball sampling techniques were adopted, and a total of 40 mothers participated with 8 to 11 participants in one of the four focus group discussions. Participants were between the ages of 18 and 43 years, self-identified as mothers with each having a child between the ages of 3 and 48 months. Each focus group lasted approximately 60 minutes and was audio-recorded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS Three overarching themes emerged from the data set such as (1) experience of persisting psychological distress from the time of labour/birth; (2) cultural practices that influence feelings; and (3) anxiety due to limited knowledge about childcare, access to support and healthy food. CONCLUSION Maternal mental health in Nigeria is under-researched and distressed mothers have limited knowledge about evidence-based early child development. The study recommends developing and testing culturally appropriate parenting interventions in Jos, Nigeria. This is likely to be beneficial for the mother and may also improve child health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maisha Murshed
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ayesha Roche
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Pam P Nyam
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Verma V, Randhawa A, Chaudhary N, Brar MS, Munder S. A community-based cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of post-partum depression: Why are the mothers depressed? J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4536-4541. [PMID: 35280603 PMCID: PMC8884330 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2532_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Post-partum depression can have adverse long term effects. For the mother, the episode can be the precursor of chronic recurrent depression. For her children her on going depression can contribute to emotional, cognitive and interpersonal problems in their later life. In the present study, we aimed to identify the incidence of depression in post-partum period and explore the underlying etiological factors responsible for the same. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 250 post- natal mothers covered under UHTC, Tripuri, Patiala. The data collection was done through one to one interview technique with mental evaluation done by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale instrument. Based upon the results, the cases were classified either as normal or presence of psychiatric morbidity. Psychiatry referral was provided to those requiring it. Association of post-partum depression with various socio-demographic and medical correlates was then sought through statistical analysis. Results: Post-partum depression was observed in 82 out of 250 females (32.8%). On univariable analysis family income, illiteracy, history of depression, caesarean section, death in family, were significantly associated with post-partum depression. On multi-variable analysis, poverty, female gender of baby, domestic violence and were observed as true predictors of depression in post-partum period (p<0.05). Conclusion: Depression was prevalent among almost one-third of postnatal females. Poverty, Cesarean section, domestic violence and poor spousal support have been identified as major contributors towards psychiatric morbidities. Taking care of these largely modifiable risk factors can prevent development of postpartum depression.
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Glover RE, van Schalkwyk MCI, Akl EA, Kristjannson E, Lotfi T, Petkovic J, Petticrew MP, Pottie K, Tugwell P, Welch V. A framework for identifying and mitigating the equity harms of COVID-19 policy interventions. J Clin Epidemiol 2020; 128:35-48. [PMID: 32526461 PMCID: PMC7280094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Governments have implemented combinations of "lockdown" measures of various stringencies, including school and workplace closures, cancellations of public events, and restrictions on internal and external movements. These policy interventions are an attempt to shield high-risk individuals and to prevent overwhelming countries' healthcare systems, or, colloquially, "flatten the curve." However, these policy interventions may come with physical and psychological health harms, group and social harms, and opportunity costs. These policies may particularly affect vulnerable populations and not only exacerbate pre-existing inequities but also generate new ones. METHODS We developed a conceptual framework to identify and categorize adverse effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures. We based our framework on Lorenc and Oliver's framework for the adverse effects of public health interventions and the PROGRESS-Plus equity framework. To test its application, we purposively sampled COVID-19 policy examples from around the world and evaluated them for the potential physical, psychological, and social harms, as well as opportunity costs, in each of the PROGRESS-Plus equity domains: Place of residence, Race/ethnicity, Occupation, Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, Social capital, Plus (age, and disability). RESULTS We found examples of inequitably distributed adverse effects for each COVID-19 lockdown policy example, stratified by a low- or middle-income country and high-income country, in every PROGRESS-Plus equity domain. We identified the known policy interventions intended to mitigate some of these adverse effects. The same harms (anxiety, depression, food insecurity, loneliness, stigma, violence) appear to be repeated across many groups and are exacerbated by several COVID-19 policy interventions. CONCLUSION Our conceptual framework highlights the fact that COVID-19 policy interventions can generate or exacerbate interactive and multiplicative equity harms. Applying this framework can help in three ways: (1) identifying the areas where a policy intervention may generate inequitable adverse effects; (2) mitigating the policy and practice interventions by facilitating the systematic examination of relevant evidence; and (3) planning for lifting COVID-19 lockdowns and policy interventions around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Glover
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH.
| | - May C I van Schalkwyk
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elizabeth Kristjannson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tamara Lotfi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Mark P Petticrew
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Department of Family Medicine, Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Vivian Welch
- Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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Gausman J, Langer A. Sex and Gender Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 29:465-466. [PMID: 32320331 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Gausman
- Women & Health Initiative, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana Langer
- Women & Health Initiative, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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