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Xu L, Zhuang Y, Zhang G, Ma Y, Yuan J, Tu C, Li M, Wang W, Zhang Y, Lu X, Li J, Liu X, Xue Z, Zhou M, Sun J, Bao J, Li M, Lu F, Wang H, Su J, Qu J. Design, methodology, and baseline of whole city-million scale children and adolescents myopia survey (CAMS) in Wenzhou, China. EYE AND VISION 2021; 8:31. [PMID: 34407890 PMCID: PMC8373605 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-021-00255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Myopia is the most common visual impairment in children and adolescents worldwide. This study described an economical and effective population-based screening pipeline and performed the project of a million scale children and adolescents myopia survey (CAMS), which will shed light on the further study of myopia from the level of epidemiology and precision medicine. Methods We developed a novel population-based screening pattern, an intelligent screening process and internet-based information transmission and analysis system to carry out the survey consisting of school children in Wenzhou, China. The examination items include unaided distance visual acuity, presenting distance visual acuity, and non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Myopia and high myopia were defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ − 1.00 diopters (D) and SE ≤ − 6.00 D, respectively. Next, the reports of the vision checking were automatically sent to parents and the related departments. The CAMS project will be done two to four times annually with the support of the government. An online eyesight status information management system (OESIMS) was developed to construct comprehensive and efficient electronic vision health records (EVHRs) for myopia information inquiry, risk pre-warning, and further study. Results The CAMS completed the first-round of screening within 30 days for 99.41% of Wenzhou students from districts and counties, in June 2019. A total of 1,060,925 participants were eligible for CAMS and 1,054,251 (99.37% participation rate) were selected through data quality control, which comprised 1305 schools, and 580,609, 251,050 and 170,967 elementary, middle, and high school students. The mean age of participants was 12.21 ± 3.32 years (6–20 years), the female-to-male ratio was 0.82. The prevalence of myopia in elementary, middle, and high school students was 38.16%, 77.52%, and 84.00%, respectively, and the high myopia incidence was 0.95%, 6.90%, and 12.98%. Conclusions The CAMS standardized myopia screening model involves automating large-scale information collection, data transmission, data analysis and early warning, thereby supporting myopia prevention and control. The entire survey reduced 90% of staff, cost, and time consumption compared with previous surveys. This will provide new insights for decision support for public health intervention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40662-021-00255-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangde Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Youyuan Zhuang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Guosi Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Changseng Tu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - MiaoMiao Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wencan Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinting Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhengbo Xue
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jinhua Bao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Jianzhong Su
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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