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El-Ganainy SM, Mosa MA, Ismail AM, Khalil AE. Lignin-Loaded Carbon Nanoparticles as a Promising Control Agent against Fusarium verticillioides in Maize: Physiological and Biochemical Analyses. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051193. [PMID: 36904433 PMCID: PMC10007435 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin, a naturally occurring biopolymer, is produced primarily as a waste product by the pulp and paper industries and burned to produce electricity. Lignin-based nano- and microcarriers found in plants are promising biodegradable drug delivery platforms. Here, we highlight a few characteristics of a potential antifungal nanocomposite consisting of carbon nanoparticles (C-NPs) with a defined size and shape containing lignin nanoparticles (L-NPs). Spectroscopic and microscopic studies verified that the lignin-loaded carbon nanoparticles (L-CNPs) were successfully prepared. Under in vitro and in vivo conditions, the antifungal activity of L-CNPs at various doses was effectively tested against a wild strain of F. verticillioides that causes maize stalk rot disease. In comparison to the commercial fungicide, Ridomil Gold SL (2%), L-CNPs introduced beneficial effects in the earliest stages of maize development (seed germination and radicle length). Additionally, L-CNP treatments promoted positive effects on maize seedlings, with a significant increment in the level of carotenoid, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll pigments for particular treatments. Finally, the soluble protein content displayed a favorable trend in response to particular dosages. Most importantly, treatments with L-CNPs at 100 and 500 mg/L significantly reduced stalk rot disease by 86% and 81%, respectively, compared to treatments with the chemical fungicide, which reduced the disease by 79%. These consequences are substantial considering the essential cellular function carried out by these special natural-based compounds. Finally, the intravenous L-CNPs treatments in both male and female mice that affected the clinical applications and toxicological assessments are explained. The results of this study suggest that L-CNPs are of high interest as biodegradable delivery vehicles and can be used to stimulate favorable biological responses in maize when administered in the recommended dosages, contributing to the idea of agro-nanotechnology by demonstrating their unique qualities as a cost-effective alternative compared to conventional commercial fungicides and environmentally benign nanopesticides for long-term plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Mohamed El-Ganainy
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Vegetable Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.E.-G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed A. Mosa
- Nanotechnology & Advanced Nano-Materials Laboratory (NANML), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.E.-G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Vegetable Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E. Khalil
- Nematology Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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2
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Tang Q, He R, Huang F, Liang Q, Zhou Z, Zhou J, Wang Q, Zou C, Gu Q. Effects of ensiling sugarcane tops with bacteria-enzyme inoculants on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and the associated rumen microbiome in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad326. [PMID: 37813104 PMCID: PMC10636847 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Major challenges when ensiling sugarcane tops include fermentation that results in high quantities of alcohol and decrease in nutrient digestibility due to the accumulation of fiber components. Increased efforts to apply bacteria-enzyme inoculants in silage have the potential to improve nutrient digestibility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ensiling sugarcane tops with bacteria-enzyme inoculants or mixed bacterial inoculants on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen microbiome in beef cattle. Chopped sugarcane tops were ensiled in plastic bags for 60 d after application of 1) no inoculant (control check, CK); 2) bacteria-enzyme inoculants containing Pediococcus acidilactici, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cellulase, and xylanase (T1, viable colony-forming units of each bacterial strain ≥108 CFU/g; enzyme activity of each enzyme ≥200 U/g); or 3) mixed bacterial inoculants containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae (T2, viable colony-forming units of each bacterial strain ≥107 CFU/g). Silages were fed to eighteen Holstein bull calves (n = 6/treatment) weighing 163.83 ± 7.13 kg to determine intake in a 49-d experimental period. The results showed that beef cattle-fed T1 silage or T2 silage had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain than those fed CK silage, but the difference in dry matter intake was not significant (P > 0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were higher (P < 0.05) for beef cattle-fed T1 silage or T2 silage than for those fed CK silage. The rumen bacterial community of beef cattle-fed T1 silage or T2 silage had a tendency to increase (P > 0.05) abundance of Firmicutes and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group than those fed CK silage. Rumen fungal communities of beef cattle-fed T1 or T2 silage had a tendency to increase (P > 0.05) abundance of Mortierellomycota and of Mortierella than those fed CK silage. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed that the apparent digestibility of ADF for beef cattle was positively correlated with unclassified_p_Ascomycota of the fungal genera (P < 0.05). Neocalimastigomycota of the fungal phyla was strongly positively correlated with the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.05). Ruminococcus was positively correlated with the apparent digestibility of CP (P < 0.05). It was concluded that both T1 and T2 improved the growth performance of beef cattle by improving the ruminal apparent digestibility of CP and ADF, and had no significant impact on major rumen microbial communities in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Tang
- Collegeof Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Renchun He
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Collegeof Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qimei Liang
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhou
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Caixia Zou
- Collegeof Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qichao Gu
- Collegeof Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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Andrada E, Mechoud MA, Abeijón-Mukdsi MC, Chagra Dib EP, Cerviño S, Perez Chaia A, Medina RB. Ferulic Acid Esterase Producing Lactobacillus johnsonii from Goat Feces as Corn Silage Inoculants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1732. [PMID: 36144334 PMCID: PMC9500823 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid esterase (FAE+)-producing lactobacilli are being studied as silage inoculants due to their potential of increasing forage fiber digestibility. In this work, three FAE+ Lactobacillus (L.) johnsonii strains were isolated from caprine feces and characterized according to their potential probiotic characteristics and as silage inoculants. Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446, a human probiotic isolated from goat cheese, was also included in the experiments as a potential silage inoculant. FAE activity quantification, probiotic characterization, and growth in maize aqueous extract indicated that L. johnsonii ETC187 might have a better inoculant and probiotic aptitude. Nevertheless, results in whole-corn mini silos indicated that, although acid detergent fiber (ADF) was significantly reduced by this strain (3% compared with the uninoculated (UN) group), L. johnsonii ETC150 and CRL1446 not only induced similar ADF reduction but also reduced dry matter (DM) loss (by 7.3% and 6.5%, respectively) compared with the UN group. Additionally, CRL1446 increased in vitro DM degradability by 10%. All treatments reduced gas losses when compared with the UN group. The potential probiotic features of these strains, as well as their beneficial impact on corn fermentation shown in this study, encourage further studies as enhancers in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Andrada
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000ACS, Argentina
| | - Mónica Adriana Mechoud
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina
| | - María Claudia Abeijón-Mukdsi
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina
| | - Elsa Patricia Chagra Dib
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Cerrillos, Salta A4403XAA, Argentina
| | - Santiago Cerviño
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000ACS, Argentina
- Zona Valles Calchaquíes, Subsecretaría de Agricultura Familiar, Campesina e Indígena, Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000GBD, Argentina
| | - Adriana Perez Chaia
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina
| | - Roxana Beatriz Medina
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000ACS, Argentina
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Fărcaș AC, Socaci SA, Nemeș SA, Pop OL, Coldea TE, Fogarasi M, Biriș-Dorhoi ES. An Update Regarding the Bioactive Compound of Cereal By-Products: Health Benefits and Potential Applications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173470. [PMID: 36079730 PMCID: PMC9460243 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal processing generates around 12.9% of all food waste globally. Wheat bran, wheat germ, rice bran, rice germ, corn germ, corn bran, barley bran, and brewery spent grain are just a few examples of wastes that may be exploited to recover bioactive compounds. As a result, a long-term strategy for developing novel food products and ingredients is encouraged. High-value compounds like proteins, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, ferulic acid, and other phenols, tocopherols, or β-glucans are found in cereal by-products. This review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the bioactive compounds recovered from cereal by-products, emphasizing their functional values and potential human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.F.); (S.A.S.); Tel.: +40-264-596388 (A.C.F.)
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.F.); (S.A.S.); Tel.: +40-264-596388 (A.C.F.)
| | - Silvia Amalia Nemeș
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Emilia Coldea
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Fogarasi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Suzana Biriș-Dorhoi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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De Villa R, Roasa J, Mine Y, Tsao R. Impact of solid-state fermentation on factors and mechanisms influencing the bioactive compounds of grains and processing by-products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-26. [PMID: 34955050 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2018989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cereal and legume grains and their processing by-products are rich sources of bioactives such as phenolics with considerable health potential, but these bioactives suffer from low bioaccessibility and bioavailability, resulting in limited use. Several studies have demonstrated that solid-state fermentation (SSF) with food-grade microorganisms is effective in releasing bound phenolic compounds in cereal and legume products. In this review, we discuss the effect of SSF on cereal and legume grains and their by-products by examining the role of specific microorganisms, their hydrolytic enzymes, fermentability of agri-food substrates, and the potential health benefits of SSF-enhanced bioactive compounds. SSF with fungi (Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus spp.), bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) spp.) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) significantly increased the bioactive phenolics and antioxidant capacities in cereal and legume grains and by-products, mainly through carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes. Increased bioactive phenolic and peptide contents of SSF-bioprocessed cereal and legume grains have been implicated for improved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects in fermented agri-food products, but these remain as preliminary results. Future research should focus on the microbial mechanisms, suitability of substrates, and the physiological health benefits of SSF-treated grains and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray De Villa
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joy Roasa
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Pula B, Ramesh S, Pamidipati S, Doddipatla P. A comparative study of greener alternatives for nanocellulose production from sugarcane bagasse. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:132. [PMID: 38650247 PMCID: PMC10991564 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of enzyme for extraction of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse is greener alternative. Literature indicates that effectiveness of these enzymes can be improved by auxiliary enzymes or mediators. In the current study, extraction of nanocellulose using laccase with these moderators, auxiliary enzyme glucose oxidase and mediator molecule, ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate)] individually was done. Cellulose and lignin content, FT-IR, TGA and DSC analysis, XRD, SEM and PSA were done. Enzyme moderators improved the performance of laccase in lignin degradation. Lignin and cellulose content, crystallinity were used as parameters to optimize the concentrations, which was found to be ABTS (at 1.4 mM) and glucose oxidase (at 0.15 mg ml-1). At the optimal concentration, nanocellulose was extracted. Properties of nanocellulose obtained from both routes were compared. Size analysis revealed 339 nm and 636 nm for nanocellulose obtained with glucose oxidase and ABTS, respectively. Defibrillation was better in the case of the former one as seen from SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Pula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shradha Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sirisha Pamidipati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India
| | - Purnima Doddipatla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India.
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Agustinho BC, Daniel JLP, Zeoula LM, Ferraretto LF, Monteiro HF, Pupo MR, Ghizzi LG, Agarussi MCN, Heinzen C, Lobo RR, Ravelo AD, Faciola AP. Effects of lignocellulolytic enzymes on the fermentation profile, chemical composition, and in situ ruminal disappearance of whole-plant corn silage. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6401636. [PMID: 34664661 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the enzyme activities of an enzymatic complex produced by Pleurotus ostreatus in different pH and the effects of adding increased application rates of this enzymatic complex on the fermentation profile, chemical composition, and in situ ruminal disappearance of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) at the onset of fermentation and 30 d after ensiling. The lignocellulolytic enzymatic complex was obtained through in vitro cultivation of P. ostreatus. In the first experiment, the activities of laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase, endo- and exo-glucanase, xylanase, and mannanase were determined at pH 3, 4, 5, and 6. In the second experiment, five application rates of enzymatic complex were tested in a randomized complete block design (0, 9, 18, 27, and 36 mg of lignocellulosic enzymes/kg of fresh whole-plant corn [WPC], corresponding to 0, 0.587, 1.156, 1.734, and 2.312 g of enzymatic complex/kg of fresh WPC, respectively). There were four replicates per treatment (vacuum-sealed bags) per opening time. Bags were opened 1, 2, 3, and 7 d after ensiling (onset of fermentation period) and 30 d after ensiling to evaluate the fermentation profile, chemical composition, and in situ dry matter and neutral fiber detergent disappearance of WPCS. Laccase had the greatest activity at pH 5 (P < 0.01), whereas manganese peroxidase and LiP had the greatest activity at pH 4 (P < 0.01; P < 0.01). There was no effect of the rate of application of enzymatic complex, at the onset of fermentation, on the fermentation profile (P > 0.21), and chemical composition (P > 0.36). The concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate quadratically decreased (P < 0.01) over the ensiling time at the onset of fermentation, leading to a quadratic increase of lactic acid (P = 0.02) and a linear increase of acetic acid (P = 0.02) throughout fermentation. Consequently, pH quadratically decreased (P < 0.01). Lignin concentration linearly decreased (P = 0.04) with the enzymatic complex application rates at 30 d of storage; however, other nutrients and fermentation profiles did not change (P > 0.11) with the enzymatic complex application rates. Addition of lignocellulolytic enzymatic complex from P. ostreatus cultivation to WPC at ensiling decreased WPCS lignin concentration 30 d after ensiling; however, it was not sufficient to improve in situ disappearance of fiber and dry matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Agustinho
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - João L P Daniel
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Lucia M Zeoula
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hugo F Monteiro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matheus R Pupo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lucas G Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mariele C N Agarussi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Celso Heinzen
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Anay D Ravelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Agustinho BC, Daniel JLP, Zeoula LM, Alcalde CR, Machado E, Bragatto JM, Schneider CR, Santos NW, Matumoto-Pintro PT, Saraiva BR, Osorio JAC, Faciola AP. Enzymatic effects of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate on whole-plant corn silage and performance of lactating goats. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11660-11672. [PMID: 34419269 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) synthesizes enzymes that degrade lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate (POSS) on whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, lignin monomers, and in vitro digestibility, as well as the performance of lactating goats fed corn silage treated with different levels of POSS. In experiment 1, 4 levels of lignocellulolytic enzymes were tested in a complete randomized design: 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg of lignocellulosic enzymes per kilogram of fresh matter, 4 replicates per treatment (vacuum-sealed bags). The bags were opened 60 d after ensiling. In experiment 2, corn silage treated with 3 enzyme levels (0, 10, or 30 mg/kg of fresh matter) was fed to lactating goats as part of the total mixed ration. Nine lactating Saanen goats (62.68 ± 7.62 kg BW; 44 ± 8 d in milk; 2.91 ± 0.81 kg of milk/day, mean ± SD) were assigned to three 3 × 3 Latin squares. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc.), and means were compared by linear and quadratic orthogonal contrast. In experiment 1, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, and cellulose quadratically decreased in the WPCS treated with POSS. At the nadir point, POSS decreased NDF by 14.1%, ADF by 19.5%, lignin by 9.07%, and cellulose by 22.1% compared with the untreated silage. Therefore, POSS led to a quadratic increase in in vitro dry matter digestibility of WPCS (+8.88% at the vertex) compared with the untreated silage. In experiment 2, POSS quadratically increased the in vivo total-tract ADF digestibility. Also, the concentration of polyphenols in the milk of goats linearly increased with the addition of POSS, and no differences were observed among treatments for milk yield and composition. In summary, adding 10 mg of lignocellulolytic enzymes from POSS per kilogram of fresh matter of whole-plant corn at ensiling had a more evident reduction in lignin and cellulose concentration, leading to greater in vitro digestibility, as well as greater in vivo ADF digestibility; however, milk yield was not different among treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Agustinho
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844.
| | - J L P Daniel
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - L M Zeoula
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - C R Alcalde
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - E Machado
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - J M Bragatto
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - C R Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - N W Santos
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - P T Matumoto-Pintro
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - B R Saraiva
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - J A C Osorio
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844.
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