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Karhina K, Bøe T, Hysing M, Askeland KG, Nilsen SA. Parental separation and school dropout in adolescence. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:632-639. [PMID: 37051637 PMCID: PMC11292976 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231164692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To document the association between parental separation and school dropout in adolescence and to examine the factors that may potentially account for this association. METHODS Data stem from the large youth@hordaland study that was linked to the Norwegian National Educational Database to obtain objective measures of educational outcomes and disposable income (N = 8323). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between parental separation and school dropout. A Fairlie post-regression decomposition was used to examine the influence of parental education, household income, health complaints, family cohesion, and peer problems in explaining the association between parental separation and school dropout. RESULTS Parental separation was associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) of school dropout in crude and adjusted (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)) analyses (OR=2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.90-2.45; AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.50-2.00). About 31% of the higher odds of school dropout among adolescents with separated parents was explained by the covariates. The decomposition analysis suggested that parental education (43%) and disposable income (20%) accounted for most of the explained differences in school dropout. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with separated parents are at higher risk for not completing secondary education. Parental education and disposable income accounted for most of the explained differences in school dropout between the groups. Still, the majority of the difference in school dropout remained unaccounted for, indicating that the link between parental separation and school dropout is complex and likely influenced by multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Karhina
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
| | - Kristin G. Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
| | - Sondre A. Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
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Tay-Karapas K, Guzmán-González M, Gómez F, Comino P, Salaberria K, Bahamondes J. An attachment-based pilot program to promote adolescent adjustment to parental divorce. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:44. [PMID: 38555447 PMCID: PMC10981801 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the impact of an attachment-based intervention on adolescent adaptation to parental divorce. The Adolescent Adjustment Pilot Program to Parental Divorce (AAPPD) employed an experimental group format, targeting improvements in various adaptation indicators (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). The sample comprised 30 Chilean adolescents aged 12 to 16 (M = 13.6, SD = 1.35), with 60% females and 40% males. After the intervention, the adolescents showed a decrease in negative affect at 6 and 12 months. However, no differences were identified in other dimensions of subjective well-being considered as indicators of divorce adaptation. The findings prompt discussion on theoretical and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Tay-Karapas
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud y Metodología de Investigación, Karla Tay-Karapas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Universidad del País Vasco, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, San Sebastián, España, Chile.
| | - Mónica Guzmán-González
- Escuela de Psicología, Mónica Guzmán-González, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Fabiola Gómez
- Fabiola Gómez, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca , Talca , Chile
| | - Priscila Comino
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Facultad de Educación y Deporte, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria-Gasteiz, España
| | - Karmele Salaberria
- Karmele Salaberria, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud y Metodología de Investigación, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián, España
| | - Joaquín Bahamondes
- Joaquín Bahamondes, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
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Heradstveit O, Hysing M, Bøe T, Nilsen SA, Sivertsen B, Bretteville-Jensen AL, Askeland KG. Prospective associations between adolescent risky substance use and school dropout and the role of externalising and internalising problems. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2024; 41:24-38. [PMID: 38356785 PMCID: PMC10863553 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231188568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to assess to what extent risky substance use (RSU) acts as an important risk factor for school dropout from upper secondary school in a prospective study of Norwegian adolescents, and how externalising and internalising mental health problems influenced this association. Methods: We used data from a large population-based survey (the youth@hordaland-survey), which included adolescents aged 16-19 years. The predictor variables were self-reported RSU. The survey was linked with prospective data from the Norwegian Education Database, following the adolescents to 21-23 years of age. The outcome variable was registry-based school dropout within five years after starting upper secondary school. The analyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, and externalising and internalising problems. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, all indicators of RSU were prospectively associated with school dropout (adjusted odds ratios 1.26-2.25; all p values <.01). While internalising problems only slightly changed these estimates, the associations were substantially attenuated by externalising problems. Still, all measures of RSU, except frequent alcohol intoxication, remained positively associated with school dropout in the fully adjusted models. For the youngest students, all associations between RSU and school dropout were significant. Conclusions: Adolescent RSU is a strong predictor for school dropout, and externalising problems explained a considerable proportion of this effect. Prevention efforts to reduce student substance could improve academic outcomes among upper secondary school students, and such efforts may benefit from also targeting co-occurring externalising problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Heradstveit
- Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | | | - Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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Karhina K, Bøe T, Hysing M, Nilsen SA. Parental separation, negative life events and mental health problems in adolescence. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2364. [PMID: 38031009 PMCID: PMC10685480 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental separation is associated with mental health problems in adolescence. One suggested pathway for this association is through the accumulated exposure to stress and other negative life events. This study aimed to document the distribution of negative life events among adolescents with separated compared to non-separated parents, and to assess the direct and interactive associations between parental separation, negative life events, and mental health problems in adolescence. METHODS Data stem from the cross-sectional population-based youth@hordaland study of adolescents (aged 16-19) conducted in Norway in 2012, providing self-reported information about parental separation, negative life events, and depression-, anxiety-, conduct-, and ADHD symptoms. Regression analyses were used to assess the direct and interactive associations between parental separation, negative life events, and mental health problems. RESULTS Adolescents with separated parents had more mental health problems across all symptom scales compared to peers with non-separated parents, with standardized mean differences [SMDs] ranging from 0.15 to 0.20. Negative life events moderately attenuated these differences (reduced the SMDs with about 0.04-0.08, depending on the outcome). However, none of the interactions between parental separation and negative life events on mental health problems were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher exposure to negative life events explains parts of the association between parental separation and mental health problems in adolescence. However, a parental separation does not seem to increase the vulnerability of the effects of negative life events on adolescents' mental health. Assessing exposure to negative life events is important when providing mental health services to adolescents, particularly to those who have parents separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Karhina
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Hysing M, Sivertsen B, Nilsen SA, Heradstveit O, Bøe T, Askeland KG. Sleep and dropout from upper secondary school: A register-linked study. Sleep Health 2023; 9:519-523. [PMID: 37460377 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the association between sleep in late adolescence and completion of upper secondary school. METHODS The data are drawn from the youth@hordaland study, a large population-based study conducted in 2012, linked with official educational data in Norway (N = 8838). RESULTS High school dropout was more prevalent among adolescents who had insomnia (20.6%) compared to those without insomnia (14.3%; adjusted risk ratios = 1.50; 95% confidence intervals: [2.19-2.92]). There was also a higher rate of school dropout among those who had symptoms of delayed sleep-wake phase (21%) compared to those without delayed sleep-wake phase (14.3%); adjusted risk ratios = 1.43, 95% confidence intervals: (1.28-1.59). School noncompleters were also characterized by reporting 44 minutes shorter sleep duration, longer sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset (both approx. 15 minutes) compared to school completers. CONCLUSION The importance of sleep for high school dropout rates highlights the importance of including sleep as a risk indicator and a possible target for preventive interventions in late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research & Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Heradstveit
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway; Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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Lin W, Wang J, Liu Y, Li Z, Lin J. The relationship between Chinese college students' mate preferences and their parents' education level. Front Psychol 2022; 13:907315. [PMID: 36389531 PMCID: PMC9664191 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.907315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents have an influence on the formation of their children's mate preferences. This research conducted two studies to test the relationship between parents' education level and the gender role characteristics (masculinity and femininity) of ideal mate for college students, and the moderating role of urban-rural residence on this relationship. In study 1, 1,033 participants (627 females) reported their explicit attitude toward gender role characteristics for an ideal mate via the Chinese Sex Role Inventory-50. In study 2, we recruited 130 participants (66 females) and used an implicit association test to measure their implicit attitude. Regression-based analyses showed that the higher education level of parents was significantly associated with female students' mate preferences with high-femininity but low-masculinity traits. For male students, the higher education level of parents was associated with their explicit (not implicit) preferences of mates with high-masculinity but low-femininity traits. The significant moderating effect of urban-rural residence was observed in explicit preference, with the different patterns in gender groups. In conclusion, parents with higher educational attainment might bring up children who are more likely to embrace a partner with non-traditional gender roles (e.g., androgynous individuals, feminine men or masculine women).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuji Lin
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Mental Health Education and Guidance Center, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyuan Lin
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Non-intact Families and Children's Educational Outcomes: Comparing Native and Migrant Pupils. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2022; 38:1065-1094. [PMID: 36507234 PMCID: PMC9727002 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-022-09638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explores whether the association between living in a single-parent household and children's educational outcomes differs by migration background through comparing natives with first- and second-generation migrant pupils from different areas of origin. While there is strong evidence of an educational gap between migrant and native pupils in Western countries-and particularly in Italy-the interaction with family structure has been under-investigated. We suggest that native children have more socioeconomic resources to lose as a consequence of parental breakups, and thus may experience more negative consequences from living in a single-parent household compared to migrant children, who tend to have poorer educational outcomes regardless of family disruptions. Moreover, for migrant children, family disruption could result from parents' migratory project (transnationalism) rather than separation or divorce, thus not necessarily implying parental conflict and a deteriorating family environment. Empirical analyses of data from the ISTAT 'Integration of the Second Generation' survey (2015) show that native Italian pupils from single-parent households in lower secondary schools are more strongly penalised in terms of grades, and less likely to aspire to the most prestigious upper secondary tracks when compared to second- and, especially, first-generation children. Indeed, the latter have been found to experience virtually no negative consequences from parental absence. Contrary to expectations, we found no substantial differences in the non-intact penalty based on the reason for parental absence (transnationalism vs divorce), nor by migrants' area of origin.
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Askeland KG, Bøe T, Sivertsen B, Linton SJ, Heradstveit O, Nilsen SA, Hysing M. Association of Depressive Symptoms in Late Adolescence and School Dropout. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study investigated the association between symptoms of depression in late adolescence and completion of upper secondary school, taking symptoms of ADHD and conduct disorder, and parental education into account. The study is based on the youth@hordaland-survey, conducted in Western Norway in 2012. A total of 9157 adolescents (aged 16–19 years, 53% girls) consented to participation and registry linkage and comprised the sample of the present study. Symptoms of depression, ADHD, and conduct disorder were based on adolescent self-report. Information on parental education, grade point average (GPA), and upper secondary school completion was retrieved from the National Education Database. In the sample, 14.8% had not completed upper secondary education within 5 years. Symptoms of depression were associated with higher odds of failure to graduate within 5 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.50). The association was attenuated but remained significant when adjusting for symptoms of ADHD, conduct disorder, and parental education. Adolescents reporting high levels of both depression and conduct disorder had the highest odds of dropout (AOR = 4.15). GPA partially mediated the association between symptoms of depression and dropout. The results show a consistent, but small association between symptoms of depression in late adolescence and failure to complete upper secondary education within five years. Given the high rate of depressive symptoms in the adolescent population, it is important to identify protective factors that promote school functioning and graduation for adolescents experiencing such symptoms.
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Sun Z, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Gui B, Liu Z. Exploring Deeper Causes Linking Adolescents' Mental Disorders to Mobile Phone Use Problems: Grounded Theory Approach. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e31089. [PMID: 35188470 PMCID: PMC8902655 DOI: 10.2196/31089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from a variety of studies link mobile phone use with an increase in mental health problems, with the situation being particularly prevalent in China and exacerbated by the COVID-19 quarantine. OBJECTIVE This study aims to reveal underlying connections between mobile phone use and mental disorders of adolescents, and to develop a theory to help parents and counseling psychologists better understand and intervene in future cases. METHODS A total of 37 teenagers having both mental health and mobile phone use problems, along with their parents, were included for individual interviews. These interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using qualitative methods of grounded theory. RESULTS The grades-ranking-first mentality is one of the main factors causing problems such as defective family bonding and peer influences, pushing teenagers with mental disorders to seek comfort in the virtual world through their cellphones. CONCLUSIONS The idea proposed in this study is not only inspiring for psychological counseling and therapy on adolescents with mental problems but also beneficial for school educators and parents to better understand the adolescents. The findings of the study are also particularly noteworthy in the postpandemic age, where parents whose work locations and schedules are substantially affected due to any emergencies should try to build a relaxing and cozy atmosphere at home to avoid possible conflicts with adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Harvard Law School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bing Gui
- Department of Psychiatry Clinic, Affiliated Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Parental education, divorce, and children’s educational attainment: Evidence from a comparative analysis. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.46.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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