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Tang Q, Chen W, Ke H, Lan C. Optical imaging detection of extracellular vesicles of miR-146 modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promoting spinal cord injury repair. SLAS Technol 2024:100172. [PMID: 39067816 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2024.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bone Marrow mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) are considered as an important source of cells for regenerative medicine, In particular, Bone Marrow mesenchymal Stem Cells Exosomes (BMSCs-EXO) have the most significant effect in the treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), but the mechanism of action is still unknown. This study found that compared with other SCI groups, BMSCs-EXO loaded with miR-146a could significantly improve the functional recovery of the hind limbs of SCI rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) indicated that the lesion area of spinal cord injury was less, nissl staining indicated that the number of nissl bodies remained more; the mechanism may be through inhibiting the expression of IRAK1 and TRAF6, blocking the activation of NF-κB p65, reducing the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 inflammatory factors and oxidative stress, improving the SCI microenvironment, and promoting the repair of neural function. In general, we found that BMSCs-EXO loaded with miR-146a could reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in SCI by inhibiting the activation of IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway, and promote the recovery of neurological function in SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 533000, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Peoples Hospital of Baise, Baise 533009, China
| | - Huang Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 533000, China; Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Bais 533009, China
| | - Changgong Lan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 533000, China; Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Bais 533009, China; Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533009, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533009, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Medical Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533009, China.
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2
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Hellenbrand DJ, Quinn CM, Piper ZJ, Elder RT, Mishra RR, Marti TL, Omuro PM, Roddick RM, Lee JS, Murphy WL, Hanna AS. The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1308-1317. [PMID: 37905880 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00035/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff
After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. Results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory cytokines initiate the inflammatory process and return to baseline within hours post-injury, chemokines continue to recruit immune cells for days post-injury, while anti-inflammatory cytokines are downregulated by a week post-injury, and sexual dimorphisms observed after mild injury subsided with more severe injuries. Results from this work define critical chemokines that influence immune cell infiltration and important cytokines involved in glial scar development after spinal cord injury, which are essential for researchers developing treatments targeting secondary damage after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hellenbrand
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles M Quinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zachariah J Piper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan T Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raveena R Mishra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taylor L Marti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phoebe M Omuro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rylie M Roddick
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Forward BIO Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amgad S Hanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Poblano-Pérez LI, Castro-Manrreza ME, González-Alva P, Fajardo-Orduña GR, Montesinos JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1986. [PMID: 38396665 PMCID: PMC10888494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located in different areas of the human body. The oral cavity is considered a potential source of MSCs because they have been identified in several dental tissues (D-MSCs). Clinical trials in which cells from these sources were used have shown that they are effective and safe as treatments for tissue regeneration. Importantly, immunoregulatory capacity has been observed in all of these populations; however, this function may vary among the different types of MSCs. Since this property is of clinical interest for cell therapy protocols, it is relevant to analyze the differences in immunoregulatory capacity, as well as the mechanisms used by each type of MSC. Interestingly, D-MSCs are the most suitable source for regenerating mineralized tissues in the oral region. Furthermore, the clinical potential of D-MSCs is supported due to their adequate capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There is also evidence for their potential application in protocols against autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions due to their immunosuppressive capacity. Therefore, in this review, the immunoregulatory mechanisms identified at the preclinical level in combination with the different types of MSCs found in dental tissues are described, in addition to a description of the clinical trials in which MSCs from these sources have been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Marta Elena Castro-Manrreza
- Immunology and Stem Cells Laboratory, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe R. Fajardo-Orduña
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
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4
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Huang LY, Sun X, Pan HX, Wang L, He CQ, Wei Q. Cell transplantation therapies for spinal cord injury focusing on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: Advances and challenges. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:385-399. [PMID: 37342219 PMCID: PMC10277963 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with complex pathological mechanisms that lead to sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction below the site of injury. To date, no effective therapy is available for the treatment of SCI. Recently, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been considered to be the most promising source for cellular therapies following SCI. The objective of the present review is to summarize the most recent insights into the cellular and molecular mechanism using BMMSC therapy to treat SCI. In this work, we review the specific mechanism of BMMSCs in SCI repair mainly from the following aspects: Neuroprotection, axon sprouting and/or regeneration, myelin regeneration, inhibitory microenvironments, glial scar formation, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. Additionally, we summarize the latest evidence on the application of BMMSCs in clinical trials and further discuss the challenges and future directions for stem cell therapy in SCI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yi Huang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Pan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China
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5
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Multiple strategies enhance the efficacy of MSCs transplantation for spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114011. [PMID: 36410123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious complication of the central nervous system (CNS) after spine injury, often resulting in severe sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction below the level of injury. To date, there is no effective treatment strategy for SCI. Recently, stem cell therapy has brought hope to patients with neurological diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be the most promising source of cellular therapy after SCI due to their immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and angiogenic potential. Considering the limited therapeutic effect of MSCs due to the complex pathophysiological environment following SCI, this paper not only reviews the specific mechanism of MSCs to facilitate SCI repair, but also further discusses the research status of these pluripotent stem cells combined with other therapeutic approaches to promote anatomical and functional recovery post-SCI.
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6
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Hoang DM, Pham PT, Bach TQ, Ngo ATL, Nguyen QT, Phan TTK, Nguyen GH, Le PTT, Hoang VT, Forsyth NR, Heke M, Nguyen LT. Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:272. [PMID: 35933430 PMCID: PMC9357075 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in stem cell technology open a new door for patients suffering from diseases and disorders that have yet to be treated. Stem cell-based therapy, including human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has recently emerged as a key player in regenerative medicine. hPSCs are defined as self-renewable cell types conferring the ability to differentiate into various cellular phenotypes of the human body, including three germ layers. MSCs are multipotent progenitor cells possessing self-renewal ability (limited in vitro) and differentiation potential into mesenchymal lineages, according to the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). This review provides an update on recent clinical applications using either hPSCs or MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), or the umbilical cord (UC) for the treatment of human diseases, including neurological disorders, pulmonary dysfunctions, metabolic/endocrine-related diseases, reproductive disorders, skin burns, and cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we discuss our own clinical trial experiences on targeted therapies using MSCs in a clinical setting, and we propose and discuss the MSC tissue origin concept and how MSC origin may contribute to the role of MSCs in downstream applications, with the ultimate objective of facilitating translational research in regenerative medicine into clinical applications. The mechanisms discussed here support the proposed hypothesis that BM-MSCs are potentially good candidates for brain and spinal cord injury treatment, AT-MSCs are potentially good candidates for reproductive disorder treatment and skin regeneration, and UC-MSCs are potentially good candidates for pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc M Hoang
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phuong T Pham
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Vinmec High-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Q Bach
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh T L Ngo
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Vinmec High-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quyen T Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang T K Phan
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Giang H Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong T T Le
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van T Hoang
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Michael Heke
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liem Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
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7
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Van Broeckhoven J, Erens C, Sommer D, Scheijen E, Sanchez S, Vidal PM, Dooley D, Van Breedam E, Quarta A, Ponsaerts P, Hendrix S, Lemmens S. Macrophage-based delivery of interleukin-13 improves functional and histopathological outcomes following spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:102. [PMID: 35488301 PMCID: PMC9052547 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits a robust neuroinflammatory reaction which, in turn, exacerbates the initial mechanical damage. Pivotal players orchestrating this response are macrophages (Mφs) and microglia. After SCI, the inflammatory environment is dominated by pro-inflammatory Mφs/microglia, which contribute to secondary cell death and prevent regeneration. Therefore, reprogramming Mφ/microglia towards a more anti-inflammatory and potentially neuroprotective phenotype has gained substantial therapeutic interest in recent years. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a potent inducer of such an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In this study, we used genetically modified Mφs as carriers to continuously secrete IL-13 (IL-13 Mφs) at the lesion site. METHODS Mφs were genetically modified to secrete IL-13 (IL-13 Mφs) and were phenotypically characterized using qPCR, western blot, and ELISA. To analyze the therapeutic potential, the IL-13 Mφs were intraspinally injected at the perilesional area after hemisection SCI in female mice. Functional recovery and histopathological improvements were evaluated using the Basso Mouse Scale score and immunohistochemistry. Neuroprotective effects of IL-13 were investigated using different cell viability assays in murine and human neuroblastoma cell lines, human neurospheroids, as well as murine organotypic brain slice cultures. RESULTS In contrast to Mφs prestimulated with recombinant IL-13, perilesional transplantation of IL-13 Mφs promoted functional recovery following SCI in mice. This improvement was accompanied by reduced lesion size and demyelinated area. The local anti-inflammatory shift induced by IL-13 Mφs resulted in reduced neuronal death and fewer contacts between dystrophic axons and Mφs/microglia, suggesting suppression of axonal dieback. Using IL-4Rα-deficient mice, we show that IL-13 signaling is required for these beneficial effects. Whereas direct neuroprotective effects of IL-13 on murine and human neuroblastoma cell lines or human neurospheroid cultures were absent, IL-13 rescued murine organotypic brain slices from cell death, probably by indirectly modulating the Mφ/microglia responses. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that the IL-13-induced anti-inflammatory Mφ/microglia phenotype can preserve neuronal tissue and ameliorate axonal dieback, thereby promoting recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Céline Erens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Daniela Sommer
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Elle Scheijen
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Selien Sanchez
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pia M Vidal
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dearbhaile Dooley
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elise Van Breedam
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Lemmens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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8
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Human Spinal Cord Injury: The Effect on Individual Values of pNF-H, GFAP, S100 Proteins and Selected Growth Factors, Cytokines and Chemokines. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:578-596. [PMID: 35723326 PMCID: PMC8929137 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no effective way to treat the consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI leads to the death of neural and glial cells and widespread neuroinflammation with persisting for several weeks after the injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is one of the most promising approaches in the treatment of this injury. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression profile of multiple cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and so-called neuromarkers in the serum of an SCI patient treated with autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). SCI resulted in a significant increase in the levels of neuromarkers and proteins involved in the inflammatory process. BM-MSCs administration resulted in significant changes in the levels of neuromarkers (S100, GFAP, and pNF-H) as well as changes in the expression of proteins and growth factors involved in the inflammatory response following SCI in the serum of a patient with traumatic SCI. Our preliminary results encouraged that BM-MSCs with their neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects could affect the repair process after injury.
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9
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Li X, Guan Y, Li C, Zhang T, Meng F, Zhang J, Li J, Chen S, Wang Q, Wang Y, Peng J, Tang J. Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells in peripheral nerve injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:18. [PMID: 35033187 PMCID: PMC8760713 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various immune cells and cytokines are present in the aftermath of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), and coordination of the local inflammatory response is of great significance for the recovery of PNI. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory abilities which can accelerate tissue regeneration and attenuate inflammation, but the role of MSCs in the regulation of the local inflammatory microenvironment after PNI has not been widely studied. Here, we summarize the known interactions between MSCs, immune cells, and inflammatory cytokines following PNI with a focus on the immunosuppressive role of MSCs. We also discuss the immunomodulatory potential of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as a new cell-free treatment for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Li
- The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,The School of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121099, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Guan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyang Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,The School of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121099, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinshu Tang
- The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Nilawar S, Chatterjee K. Surface Decoration of Redox-Modulating Nanoceria on 3D-Printed Tissue Scaffolds Promotes Stem Cell Osteogenesis and Attenuates Bacterial Colonization. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:226-239. [PMID: 34905351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress at the bone defect site delays the bone regeneration process. Increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the primary cause of oxidative stress at the damaged site. Bone tissue scaffolds that scavenge ROS offer a potential and yet unexplored route for faster bone healing. Cerium oxide (ceria) is known for its redox-modulating behavior. Three-dimensional (3D)-printed porous scaffolds fabricated from degradable polymers provide a physical microenvironment but lack the bioactivity for tissue regeneration. In this work, porous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds were prepared by 3D printing and modified with poly(ethylene imine) and citric acid to decorate with ceria nanoparticles. Scanning electron micrographs revealed a macroporous architecture decorated with ceria particles. The compressive modulus of 27 MPa makes them suitable for trabecular bone. The scaffolds supported human mesenchymal stem cell growth, confirming cytocompatibility. The ability to scavenge ROS confirmed that surface functionalization with ceria could reduce oxidative stress levels in the cells. Stem cell osteogenesis was enhanced after ceria decoration of the PLA scaffolds. Transcriptional profiling studied by sequencing revealed changes in the expression of genes associated with inflammation and cell-material interactions. The ceria-functionalized scaffolds show enhanced antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. These results demonstrate that surface decoration with nanoceria offers a viable route for enhancing the bioactivity of 3D-printed PLA scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration with ROS scavenging and antibacterial capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Nilawar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
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11
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Hellenbrand DJ, Quinn CM, Piper ZJ, Morehouse CN, Fixel JA, Hanna AS. Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:284. [PMID: 34876174 PMCID: PMC8653609 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition that results in a loss of motor and sensory function. Although extensive research to develop treatments for SCI has been performed, to date, none of these treatments have produced a meaningful amount of functional recovery after injury. The primary injury is caused by the initial trauma to the spinal cord and results in ischemia, oxidative damage, edema, and glutamate excitotoxicity. This process initiates a secondary injury cascade, which starts just a few hours post-injury and may continue for more than 6 months, leading to additional cell death and spinal cord damage. Inflammation after SCI is complex and driven by a diverse set of cells and signaling molecules. In this review, we utilize an extensive literature survey to develop the timeline of local immune cell and cytokine behavior after SCI in rodent models. We discuss the precise functional roles of several key cytokines and their effects on a variety of cell types involved in the secondary injury cascade. Furthermore, variations in the inflammatory response between rats and mice are highlighted. Since current SCI treatment options do not successfully initiate functional recovery or axonal regeneration, identifying the specific mechanisms attributed to secondary injury is critical. With a more thorough understanding of the complex SCI pathophysiology, effective therapeutic targets with realistic timelines for intervention may be established to successfully attenuate secondary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hellenbrand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Charles M Quinn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Zachariah J Piper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Carolyn N Morehouse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Jordyn A Fixel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Amgad S Hanna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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12
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Suzuki H, Sakai T. Current Concepts of Stem Cell Therapy for Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147435. [PMID: 34299053 PMCID: PMC8308009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic condition associated with significant neurological deficit and social and financial burdens. It is currently being managed symptomatically with no real therapeutic strategies available. In recent years, a number of innovative regenerative strategies have emerged and have been continuously investigated in clinical trials. In addition, several more are coming down the translational pipeline. Among ongoing and completed trials are those reporting the use of mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem/progenitor cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, and Schwann cells. The advancements in stem cell technology, combined with the powerful neuroimaging modalities, can now accelerate the pathway of promising novel therapeutic strategies from bench to bedside. Various combinations of different molecular therapies have been combined with supportive scaffolds to facilitate favorable cell–material interactions. In this review, we summarized some of the most recent insights into the preclinical and clinical studies using stem cells and other supportive drugs to unlock the microenvironment in chronic SCI to treat patients with this condition. Successful future therapies will require these stem cells and other synergistic approaches to address the persistent barriers to regeneration, including glial scarring, loss of structural framework, and immunorejection.
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13
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Fang S, Zhong L, Wang AQ, Zhang H, Yin ZS. Identification of Regeneration and Hub Genes and Pathways at Different Time Points after Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2643-2662. [PMID: 33484404 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological injury that can cause neuronal loss around the lesion site and leads to locomotive and sensory deficits. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to verify differential gene time-course expression in SCI and provide new insights for gene-level studies. We downloaded two rat expression profiles (GSE464 and GSE45006) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days post-SCI, along with thoracic spinal cord data for analysis. At each time point, gene integration was performed using "batch normalization." The raw data were standardized, and differentially expressed genes at the different time points versus the control were analyzed by Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction network was then built and visualized. In addition, ten hub genes were identified at each time point. Among them, Gnb5, Gng8, Agt, Gnai1, and Psap lack correlation studies in SCI and deserve further investigation. Finally, we screened and analyzed genes for tissue repair, reconstruction, and regeneration and found that Anxa1, Snap25, and Spp1 were closely related to repair and regeneration after SCI. In conclusion, hub genes, signaling pathways, and regeneration genes involved in secondary SCI were identified in our study. These results may be useful for understanding SCI-related biological processes and the development of targeted intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - An-Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zong-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China.
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14
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Miyamoto K, Suzuki K, Ohtaki H, Nakamura M, Yamaga H, Yagi M, Honda K, Hayashi M, Dohi K. A novel mouse model of heatstroke accounting for ambient temperature and relative humidity. J Intensive Care 2021; 9:35. [PMID: 33863391 PMCID: PMC8052643 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-021-00546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heatstroke is associated with exposure to high ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH), and an increased risk of organ damage or death. Previously proposed animal models of heatstroke disregard the impact of RH. Therefore, we aimed to establish and validate an animal model of heatstroke considering RH. To validate our model, we also examined the effect of hydration and investigated gene expression of cotransporter proteins in the intestinal membranes after heat exposure. Methods Mildly dehydrated adult male C57/BL6J mice were subjected to three AT conditions (37 °C, 41 °C, or 43 °C) at RH > 99% and monitored with WetBulb globe temperature (WBGT) for 1 h. The survival rate, body weight, core body temperature, blood parameters, and histologically confirmed tissue damage were evaluated to establish a mouse heatstroke model. Then, the mice received no treatment, water, or oral rehydration solution (ORS) before and after heat exposure; subsequent organ damage was compared using our model. Thereafter, we investigated cotransporter protein gene expressions in the intestinal membranes of mice that received no treatment, water, or ORS. Results The survival rates of mice exposed to ATs of 37 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C were 100%, 83.3%, and 0%, respectively. From this result, we excluded AT43. Mice in the AT 41 °C group appeared to be more dehydrated than those in the AT 37 °C group. WBGT in the AT 41 °C group was > 44 °C; core body temperature in this group reached 41.3 ± 0.08 °C during heat exposure and decreased to 34.0 ± 0.18 °C, returning to baseline after 8 h which showed a biphasic thermal dysregulation response. The AT 41 °C group presented with greater hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal damage than did the other groups. The impact of ORS on recovery was greater than that of water or no treatment. The administration of ORS with heat exposure increased cotransporter gene expression in the intestines and reduced heatstroke-related damage. Conclusions We developed a novel mouse heatstroke model that considered AT and RH. We found that ORS administration improved inadequate circulation and reduced tissue injury by increasing cotransporter gene expression in the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. .,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohtaki
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Nakamura
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaga
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yagi
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Munetaka Hayashi
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Dohi
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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15
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Eradication of specific donor-dependent variations of mesenchymal stem cells in immunomodulation to enhance therapeutic values. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:357. [PMID: 33824286 PMCID: PMC8024246 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most widely clinically trialed stem cells, due to their abilities to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, to secrete regenerative/rejuvenative factors, and to modulate immune functions, among others. In this study, we analyzed human umbilical-cord-derived MSCs from 32 donors and revealed donor-dependent variations in two non-correlated properties, (1) cell proliferation, and (2) immune modulatory functions in vitro and in vivo, which might explain inconsistent clinical efficacies of MSCs. Through unbiased transcriptomic analyses, we discovered that IFN-γ and NF-κB signaling were positively associated with immune modulatory function of MSCs. Activation of these two pathways via IFN-γ and TNF-α treatment eradicated donor-dependent variations. Additional transcriptomic analyses revealed that treatment with these two factors, while having abolished donor-dependent variations in immune modulatory function, did not overall make different donor-derived MSCs the same at whole transcriptomic levels, demonstrating that the cells were still different in many other biological perspectives, and may not perform equally for therapeutic purposes other than immune modulation. Pre-selection or pre-treatment to eradicate MSC variations in a disease-treatment-specific manner would therefore be necessary to ensure clinical efficacies. Together this study provided novel insights into the quality control perspective of using different-donor-derived MSCs to treat inflammation-related clinical conditions and/or autoimmune diseases.
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16
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An N, Yang J, Wang H, Sun S, Wu H, Li L, Li M. Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury repair through macrophage polarization. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:41. [PMID: 33622388 PMCID: PMC7903655 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major problem in clinical medicine. Modern medicine has achieved minimal progress in improving the functions of injured nerves in patients with SCI, mainly due to the complex pathophysiological changes that present after injury. Inflammatory reactions occurring after SCI are related to various functions of immune cells over time at different injury sites. Macrophages are important mediators of inflammatory reactions and are divided into two different subtypes (M1 and M2), which play important roles at different times after SCI. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by multi-differentiation and immunoregulatory potentials, and different treatments can have different effects on macrophage polarization. MSC transplantation has become a promising method for eliminating nerve injury caused by SCI and can help repair injured nerve tissues. Therapeutic effects are related to the induced formation of specific immune microenvironments, caused by influencing macrophage polarization, controlling the consequences of secondary injury after SCI, and assisting with function recovery. Herein, we review the mechanisms whereby MSCs affect macrophage-induced specific immune microenvironments, and discuss potential avenues of investigation for improving SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan An
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hequn Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shengfeng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Liu Q, Dong J, Li J, Duan Y, Wang K, Kong Q, Zhang H. LINC01255 combined with BMI1 to regulate human mesenchymal stromal senescence and acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation through repressing transcription of MCP-1. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1105-1116. [PMID: 33405050 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) govern fundamental biochemical and cellular biology processes, for example, participate in chromatin remodeling, imprinting, splicing, transcriptional regulation and translation. Dysregulation of lncRNA expression is act as a feature of various diseases and cancers, including hematopoietic malignancies. However, the clinical relevance of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia preceded by MDS (MDS-AML) requires further research. Recently, lncRNAs have been demonstrated, which play an important role in hematopoiesis, thus, to further finding more functional lncRNA seemed particularly important. METHODS Western blotting, real-time PCR, RNA-pulldown, RIP (RNA immunoprecipitation), Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), cellular compartments extraction assays, SA-β-gal staining, lentivirus transfection, cell viability assay and cell proliferation assays were used to examine the relationship between lncRNA LINC01255 and its regulation of p53-p21 pathway in human mesenchymal stromal and acute myeloid leukemia cells. RESULTS LncRNA LINC01255 is highly expressed in bone marrow cells of AML patients, CD34+ cells of MDS-AML patients and AML cell lines and the higher expression of LINC01255 is associated with poor survival rate of AML patients. LINC01255 can interact with BMI1 and repress the transcription of MCP-1 to active p53-p21 pathway, thus inhibiting the senescence of human mesenchymal stromal and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cell. CONCLUSIONS We discovered a novel functional lncRNA LINC01255, which can regulate the senescence of human mesenchymal stromal and the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cell through inhibiting the transcription of MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - J Dong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Y Duan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - K Wang
- Research Service Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Q Kong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706, Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
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18
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Torregrossa F, Sallì M, Grasso G. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. World Neurosurg 2020; 140:591-601. [PMID: 32797989 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurologic condition with tremendous socioeconomic impact on affected individuals and the health care system. The treatment of SCI principally includes surgical treatment and marginal pharmacologic and rehabilitation therapies targeting secondary events with minor clinical improvements. This unsuccessful result mainly reflects the complexity of SCI pathophysiology and the diverse biochemical and physiologic changes that occur in the injured spinal cord. Once the nervous system is injured, cascades of cellular and molecular events are triggered at varying times. Although the cascade of tissue reactions and cell injury develops over a period of days or weeks, the most extensive cell death in SCI occurs within hours of trauma. This situation suggests that early intervention is likely to be the most promising approach to rescue the cord from further and irreversible cell damage. Over the past decades, a wealth of research has been conducted in preclinical and clinical studies with the hope to find new therapeutic strategies. Researchers have identified several targets for the development of potential therapeutic interventions (e.g., neuroprotection, replacement of cells lost, removal of inhibitory molecules, regeneration, and rehabilitation strategies to induce neuroplasticity). Most of these treatments have passed preclinical and initial clinical evaluations but have failed to be strongly conclusive in the clinical setting. This narrative review provides an update of the many therapeutic interventions after SCI, with an emphasis on the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Torregrossa
- Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Sallì
- Department of Neurosensory and Motor Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grasso
- Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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