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Daghestani MH. Septicemia caused by Enterococcus coli in a pregnant woman after cerclage-A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241254990. [PMID: 38784241 PMCID: PMC11113057 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241254990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this case report is to discuss a case of septicemia caused by Escherichia coli following cervical cerclage. The study described a case of a 42-year-old female patient who visited the Ante-natal Clinic for a follow-up appointment during the 8th week of gestation. The patient had previously undergone successful in vitro fertilization treatment following 16 years of primary infertility. A routine ultrasound scan revealed cervical dilatation of 2-3 cm. The patient was advised to undergo cervical cerclage insertion. Two days after the surgery, she presented with pneumonia and also experienced vaginal bleeding, necessitating the removal of the cervical cerclage. Unfortunately, the patient suffered a stillbirth. Her condition deteriorated the following day, leading to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction. After receiving the treatment, the patient was discharged; 2 days after being discharged the patient's blood culture and sensitivity results indicated a significant growth of Escherichia coli and a diagnosis of toxic myocarditis. Following 2 months of intensive treatment, the patient showed significant improvement; however, there was the presence of some mild renal impairment and he was ultimately discharged home. Maternal sepsis poses a significant risk to the health and lives of pregnant women. Escherichia coli stands out as a primary causative agent after cervical cerclage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin H Daghestani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Ibrahim AO, Bello IS, Ajetunmobi OA, Olusuyi KM, Ajani GO, Adewoye KR, Oguntoye OO, Sonibare OO, Alabi AK. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural southwestern Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241233515. [PMID: 38452049 PMCID: PMC10921853 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241233515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the prevalence, bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and factors associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural southwestern Nigeria. METHODS We performed a hospital-based cross-sectional study of patients with T2DM and ASB. Demographic and clinical data were collected using questionnaires. Urine samples were cultured using standard laboratory procedures, and bacterial colonies were isolated and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed using the disc diffusion technique. Relationships between variables were assessed using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of the 280 participants, 73 (26.1%) had ASB (95% CI: 20.9%-31.2%). The most commonly identified isolate was E. coli (45/73; 61.7%), 100.0% of which were sensitive to cefuroxime but resistant to ciprofloxacin. Female sex (AOR, 6.132; 95% CI: 2.327-16.157), living below the poverty line (AOR, 2.066; 95% CI: 1.059-4.029), uncontrolled blood glucose (AOR, 2.097; 95% CI: 1.000-4.404), and a history of indwelling urethral catheterization (AOR, 14.521; 95% CI: 4.914-42.908) were associated with ASB. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that cefuroxime should be used as an empirical treatment, pending urine culture and sensitivity, and that efforts should be made to prevent ASB in rural southwestern Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez Oyemomi Ibrahim
- Department of Family Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Sebutu Bello
- Department of Family Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Kayode Rasaq Adewoye
- Department of Community Health, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ayodele Kamal Alabi
- Department of Community Health, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Vicar EK, Acquah SEK, Wallana W, Kuugbee ED, Osbutey EK, Aidoo A, Acheampong E, Mensah GI. Urinary Tract Infection and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care at a Primary Health Care Facility in the Northern Region of Ghana. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:3727265. [PMID: 37303774 PMCID: PMC10256441 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3727265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is frequently encountered during pregnancy and is associated with adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal effects. However, very little information is available on the prevalence of UTI among pregnant women in the northern part of Ghana, a region with a high birth rate. This study employed a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence, antimicrobial profile, and risk factors associated with UTI in 560 pregnant women attending primary care for antenatal check-ups. Sociodemographic obstetrical history and personal hygiene information were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Afterward, clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from all participants and subjected to routine microscopy examination and culture. Of 560 pregnant women, 223 cases (39.8%) were positive for UTI. There was a statistically significant association between sociodemographic, obstetric, and personal hygiene variables and UTI (p < 0.0001). Escherichia coli (27.8%) was the commonest bacterial isolate followed by CoNS (13.5%) and Proteus species (12.6%). These isolates exhibited greater resistance to ampicillin (70.1-97.3%) and cotrimoxazole (48.1-89.7%) but were fairly susceptible to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. Gram-negative resistance to meropenem was up to 25.0%, and Gram positives resistance to cefoxitin and vancomycin was up to 33.3% and 71.4% respectively. The current findings extend our knowledge of the high frequency of UTIs and associated risk factors in pregnant women with E. Coli being the predominant and usual isolate. Variation existed in the resistance pattern of isolates to various drugs, underscoring the need to perform urine culture and susceptibility before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel K. Vicar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Samuel E. K. Acquah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Allied Health Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Williams Wallana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Eugene D. Kuugbee
- School of Medical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Science and Technology, Navrongo, Upper East. Region, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel K. Osbutey
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Abigail Aidoo
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, School of Nursing and Midwifer, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Gloria Ivy Mensah
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon Greater Accra Region, Accra, Ghana
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AlShamlan NA, AlOmar RS, Aldossary R, Alahmari M, Alghamdi A, AlGhamdi M, Alkanaan N, AlReedy AH, AlOtaibi AS, Alghamdi NS. The Epidemiology, Associated Factors and Bacterial Profile of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Chart Review Study in Saudi Arabia. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1749-1759. [PMID: 36561606 PMCID: PMC9766479 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s394936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the presence of significant amounts of bacteria within the urinary tract in the absence of urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms, resulting in negative neonatal and pregnancy consequences. This study determined the prevalence, bacteriology patterns, and associated factors with ASB among pregnant women in both primary and hospital levels of care in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective chart review study included pregnant women between 18 and 50 years who performed the screening urine culture test during their first antenatal visit between 2017 and 2021, without UTI symptoms. The collected data involved the demographic, medical, and obstetric characteristics, and urine culture results. T-tests and chi-squared tests were used for bivariate associations followed by binary logistic regression models. Results ASB was positive among 03.42% of the 6471 pregnant women included in the study. Logistic regression revealed that the risk of positive ASB increased in pregnant women in the first and second trimesters (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.41-2.93 and OR= 1.50, 95% CI = 1.03-2.19, respectively), as well as pregnant women with a history of previous UTI (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 2.14-4.15). The predominant organism isolates were E. coli, followed by GBS, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion With limited data on ASB among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia, findings from the current study could help decision-makers in the country assess the epidemiological characteristics of the condition. Further study is recommended to investigate the susceptibility patterns of commonly prescribed antibiotics with different uropathogens to guide the clinicians who deal with these cases. Additionally, a large national study across the other regions in the kingdom is suggested to calculate the prevalence of ASB in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf A AlShamlan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Nouf A AlShamlan, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966504901406, Email
| | - Reem S AlOmar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roba Aldossary
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alahmari
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mawaddah AlGhamdi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Alkanaan
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H AlReedy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani S AlOtaibi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada S Alghamdi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Ali AH, Reda DY, Ormago MD. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending Hargeisa Group Hospital, Hargeisa, Somaliland. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1419. [PMID: 35082366 PMCID: PMC8791963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) among pregnant women attending Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH), Hargeisa, Somaliland. A cross-sectional study was conducted at HGH, Hargeisa, Somaliland and participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from 422 participants and cultured and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined for the isolates. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify the independent risk factors for UTI. The prevalence of UTI was 16.4% (95% CI 13.3-19.9). The predominant bacteria isolate was E. coli (43.5%) followed by Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) 11(16%), S. aureus 9(13%), K. pneumonia 6(8.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5(7.2%), Proteus mirabilis 4(5.8%), Citrobacter spp 3(4.4%) and M. morganii 1(1.5%) Gram negative bacilli were resistant to ampicillin (96%) and tetracycline (71.4%) and Gram-positive cocci were also resistant to ampicillin (90%), tetracycline (55%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 85.5% of bacterial isolated. No formal education participants, previous history of catheterization and previous history of UTI had 3.18, 3.22 and 3.73 times respectively more likely to develop UTI than their counterparts. Culture and susceptibility test is vital for appropriate management of UTI in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawit Yihdego Reda
- Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Desta Ormago
- Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Prevalence, Causal Agents, and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:8418043. [PMID: 34335781 PMCID: PMC8313335 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8418043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASBU) is an important health problem among pregnant women, particularly in low-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ASBU and potential risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care centers in Addis Ababa. It also aimed to identify causal bacterial pathogens and to assess their antimicrobial susceptibility. A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019. Urine samples from a total of 281 pregnant women with no symptoms of urinary tract infection were tested for ASBU. Women whose urine samples carried greater than or equal to 105 colony-forming units (CFU) of bacteria per milliliter of urine when grown on plate count agar were considered positive for ASBU. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from urine samples of women with ASBU using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was investigated using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller–Hinton agar plates. Of 281 pregnant women examined, 44 (15.7%) were positive for ASBU. Logistic regression analysis of the putative risk factors tested in the current study showed that none of them were significantly associated with the occurrence of ASBU (p > 0.05). The most frequently isolated bacterial species were Escherichia coli 17 (30.2%), Proteus 13 (23.2%), and Enterococcus 11 (19.6%). All of the E. coli, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella isolates and 84.6% of Proteus were resistant to ampicillin. All bacterial isolates were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. Resistance to three or more antimicrobials was detected in 15 (88.2%) of E. coli, 13 (100%) of Proteus, and 8 (72.7%) of Enterococcus isolates. Resistance to as many as 7 antimicrobials among E. coli, 8 antimicrobials among Proteus, and 7 antimicrobials among Enterococcus isolates was recorded. Detection of ASBU in a substantial number of pregnant women in this study warrants the need for a detailed study on possible risks of developing symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) and associated complications. Multidrug resistance to several antimicrobials was observed in the majority of bacterial isolates. Regular assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens to commonly prescribed antimicrobials and implementation of prudent use of antimicrobials are recommended.
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Awoke N, Tekalign T, Teshome M, Lolaso T, Dendir G, Obsa MS. Bacterial Profile and asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 37:100952. [PMID: 34386744 PMCID: PMC8343252 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy, such as Hydroureter, dilatation of the renal pelvis, glycosuria and aminoaciduria, and low urine production predispose pregnant women for ascending urinary tract infection. Globally, 2% to 15% of the pregnant women have urinary tract infection without specific symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) in pregnant women in Africa. METHODS Systematic search of published studies done on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and google scholar for gray literature. All published observational studies until October 30, 2020 were included. This meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality of studies was assessed by modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects method with the double arcsine transformation approach using the STATA™ Version 14 software. Trim and fill analysis was done to correct presence of significant publication bias. The study protocol is prospectively registered on PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020212601. FINDINGS From 3393 obtained studies, 48 studies from 12 African countries involving 15, 664 pregnant women included in this Meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Africa after correction for publication bias by trim and fill analysis was found to be 11.1% (95% CI: 7.8, 14.4). The most common bacterial isolates involved in the etiology of ABU was Escherichia coli with pooled prevalence 33.4% (95% CI: 27.3 - 39.4). INTERPRETATION Asymptomatic bacteriuria is substantial among pregnant women in Africa. Therefore, all pregnant women should be tested for the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria. A screening program must be based not only on the incidence but also on a cost-efficacy evaluation and a microbiological evaluation. FUNDING There was no funding source for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefsu Awoke
- School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
- Correspondence author.
| | - Tiwabwork Tekalign
- School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mistre Teshome
- School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Lolaso
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Dendir
- School of Anesthesia, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Suleiman Obsa
- School of Anesthesia, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Bayih WA, Ayalew MY, Chanie ES, Abate BB, Alemayehu SA, Belay DM, Aynalem YA, Sewyew DA, Kebede SD, Demis A, Yitbarek GY, Tassew MA, Birhan BM, Alemu AY. The burden of neonatal sepsis and its association with antenatal urinary tract infection and intra-partum fever among admitted neonates in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06121. [PMID: 33644445 PMCID: PMC7887389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than one-third of the neonatal death in Ethiopia has been attributed to neonatal sepsis. However, there is no recent national evidence about the burden of neonatal sepsis and its association with antenatal urinary tract infection and intra-partum fever, which are commonly reported maternal morbidities in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the pooled burden of neonatal sepsis and its association with antenatal urinary tract infection as well as intra-partum fever in the country. METHODS Primary studies were accessed through Google scholar, HINARI, SCOPUS and PubMed databases. The methodological and evidence quality of the included studies were critically appraised by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool scale adapted for observational studies. From eligible studies, two authors extracted author/year, study region, study design, sample size, reported prevalence of neonatal sepsis, antenatal urinary tract infection and intrapartum fever on an excel spreadsheet. During critical appraisal and data extraction, disagreements between the two authors were resolved by the involvement of a third author. The extracted data were then exported to stata version 14. Effect sizes were pooled using the random inverse varience-effects model due to significant heterogeneity between studies (I2= 99.2%). Subgroup analysis was performed for evidence of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were performed. Absence of publication bias was declared from symmetry of funnel plot and Egger's test (p = 0.244). RESULTS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a total of 36,016 admitted neonates were included from 27 studies. Of these 27 studies, 23 employed cross-sectional design whereas 3 studies had case control type and only one study had cohort design. The prevalence of neonatal sepsis among admitted Ethiopian neonates at different regions of the country ranged from 11.7%-77.9%. However, the pooled prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 40.25% [95% CI: 34.00%, 46.50%; I2 = 99.2%]. From regional subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in the Oromiya region. Neonates born to mothers who had antenatal urinary tract infection were at 3.55 times (95% CI: 2.04, 5.06) higher risk of developing neonatal sepsis as compared to those neonates born to mothers who didn't have antenatal urinary tract infection. Moreover, neonates born to mothers having intra-partum fever were 3.63 times (95% CI: 1.64, 5.62) more likely to develop neonatal sepsis as compared to those born to mothers who were nonfebrile during intrapartum. CONCLUSION Neonatal sepsis has remained a problem of public health importance in Ethiopia. Both antenatal urinary tract infection and intra-partum fever were positively associated with neonatal sepsis. Therefore, preventing maternal urinary tract infection during pregnancy and optimizing the intra-partum care are recommended to mitigate the burden of neonatal sepsis in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubet Alebachew Bayih
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ermias Sisay Chanie
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sintayehu Asnakew Alemayehu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
| | - Demeke Mesfin Belay
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
| | | | - Dagne Addisu Sewyew
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Demis Kebede
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
| | | | - Getachew Yideg Yitbarek
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Abie Tassew
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Minuye Birhan
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Yeshambel Alemu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO.BOX: 272, Debre Tabor, 6300, Ethiopia
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Igwemadu G, Alao A, Akunaeziri U, Afolabi A, Pam S. Asymptomatic bacteriuria among antenatal clients in a secondary facility in southwestern Nigeria. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_11_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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