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Millen AME, Maluleke TT, Pienaar L, Sallie FN, Veerappan R, Andrén PE, Baijnath S. Regional Changes in Brain Biomolecular Markers in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rat Model. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:516. [PMID: 39056709 PMCID: PMC11273993 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model of systemic inflammation, on brain regional molecular markers associated with neurological disorders are uncertain. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the brain regional molecular changes in markers associated with inflammation and neuronal dysfunction in a CIA model. METHODS Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control (n = 5) or CIA (n = 9) groups. 10 weeks after CIA induction, brain tissue was collected. Brain regional mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (IL-1β and IL-6), apoptotic markers (BAX and Bcl2) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF, CREB and TrkB) was determined. Monoamine distribution and abundance in different brain regions were determine by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). RESULTS Neuroinflammation was confirmed in the CIA group by increased IL-β mRNA expression, concurrent with an increased BAX/Bcl2 ratio. The mRNA expression of CREB was increased in the midbrain and hippocampus while BDNF was increased and TrkB was decreased across all brain regions in CIA compared to control animals. Serotonin was decreased in the midbrain and hippocampus while dopamine was decreased in the striatum of CIA rats, compared to controls. CONCLUSION CIA resulted in neuroinflammation concurrent with an apoptotic state and aberrant expression of neurotrophic factors and monoamines in the brain, suggestive of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aletta M. E. Millen
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa; (T.T.M.); (L.P.); (F.N.S.); (R.V.); (S.B.)
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa
| | - Tshiamo T. Maluleke
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa; (T.T.M.); (L.P.); (F.N.S.); (R.V.); (S.B.)
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa
| | - Leandrie Pienaar
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa; (T.T.M.); (L.P.); (F.N.S.); (R.V.); (S.B.)
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa
| | - Farhanah N. Sallie
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa; (T.T.M.); (L.P.); (F.N.S.); (R.V.); (S.B.)
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa
| | - Radhini Veerappan
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa; (T.T.M.); (L.P.); (F.N.S.); (R.V.); (S.B.)
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa
| | - Per E. Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa; (T.T.M.); (L.P.); (F.N.S.); (R.V.); (S.B.)
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2191, South Africa
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Peyronnel C, Kessler J, Bobillier-Chaumont Devaux S, Houdayer C, Tournier M, Chouk M, Wendling D, Martin H, Totoson P, Demougeot C. A treadmill exercise reduced cardiac fibrosis, inflammation and vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion in rat pristane-induced arthritis. Life Sci 2024; 341:122503. [PMID: 38354974 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To explore cardiac structural and functional parameters and myocardial sensitivity to ischemia in a rat model of chronic arthritis, pristane-induced arthritis (PIA), and to investigate the effects of a running exercise protocol on cardiac disorders related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MAIN METHODS 3 groups of male Dark Agouti rats were formed: Controls, PIA and PIA-Exercise. The PIA-Exercise group was subjected to an individualized treadmill running protocol during the remission phase. At acute and chronic phases of PIA, cardiac structure was analyzed by histology. Cardiac function was explored in isolated hearts to measure left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), cardiac compliance and infarct size before and after ischemia/reperfusion. Cardiac inflammation was evaluated through VCAM-1 mRNA expression by RT-qPCR. Plasma irisin levels were measured by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS PIA rats exhibited myocardial hypertrophy fibrosis and inflammation at the 2 inflammatory phases of the model. At chronic phase only, LVDP and cardiac compliance were lower in PIA compared to controls. As compared to sedentary PIA, exercise did not change cardiac function but reduced fibrosis, inflammation, infarct size, and arthritis severity and increased irisin levels. Cardiac inflammation positively correlated with fibrosis, while irisin levels negatively correlated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE In the PIA model that recapitulated most cardiac disorders of RA, a daily program of treadmill running alleviated cardiac fibrosis and inflammation and improved resistance to ischemia. These data provide arguments to promote the practice of exercise in RA patients for cardiac diseases prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peyronnel
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - J Kessler
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Louis Pasteur, F-39100 Dole, France
| | | | - C Houdayer
- Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM, UMR LINC 1322, DImaCell, Dispositif d'Imagerie Cellulaire, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - M Tournier
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - M Chouk
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - D Wendling
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Franche-Comté, EPILAB, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - H Martin
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - P Totoson
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - C Demougeot
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT 1098, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Manilall A, Mokotedi L, Gunter S, Le Roux R, Fourie S, Flanagan CA, Millen AME. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mediates Inflammation-induced Early-Stage Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:411-422. [PMID: 37078863 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Elevated systemic inflammation contributes to pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Although left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is the main cause of HFpEF, subclinical systolic dysfunction also contributes. We have previously shown that rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) have systemic inflammation, LV diastolic dysfunction, and that increased circulating TNF-α contributes to inflammation-induced HFpEF pathogenesis, but does not mediate LV diastolic dysfunction in CIA rats. Contribution of systemic inflammation to dysfunction of the active process of LV diastolic and systolic function are unknown. In the present study, we used the CIA rat model to investigate the effects of systemic inflammation and TNF-α blockade on systolic function, and mRNA expression of genes involved in active diastolic relaxation and of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. Collagen inoculation and TNF-α blockade did not affect LV mRNA expression of genes that mediate active LV diastolic function. Collagen-induced inflammation impaired LV global longitudinal strain ( P = 0.03) and velocity ( P = 0.04). This impairment of systolic function was prevented by TNF-α blockade. Collagen inoculation decreased mRNA expression of α-MyHC ( Myh6, P = 0.03) and increased expression of β-MyHC ( Myh7, P = 0.0002), a marker, which is upregulated in failing hearts. TNF-α blockade prevented this MyHC isoform-switch. These results show that increased circulating TNF-α changes the relative expression of MyHC isoforms, favoring β-MyHC, which may underlie changes in contractile function that impair systolic function. Our results indicate that TNF-α initiates early-stage LV systolic, rather than LV diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmeetha Manilall
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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4
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Manilall A, Mokotedi L, Gunter S, Le Roux R, Fourie S, Flanagan CA, Millen AME. Increased protein phosphatase 5 expression in inflammation-induced left ventricular dysfunction in rats. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:539. [PMID: 36494772 PMCID: PMC9732989 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titin phosphorylation contributes to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. The independent effects of inflammation on the molecular pathways that regulate titin phosphorylation are unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of collagen-induced inflammation and subsequent tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibition on mRNA expression of genes involved in regulating titin phosphorylation in 70 Sprague-Dawley rats. LV diastolic function was assessed with echocardiography. Circulating inflammatory markers were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and relative LV gene expression was assessed by Taqman® polymerase chain reaction. Differences in normally distributed variables between the groups were determined by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey post-hoc tests. For non-normally distributed variables, group differences were determined by Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Collagen inoculation increased LV relative mRNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) compared to controls, indicating local microvascular inflammation. Collagen inoculation decreased soluble guanylate cyclase alpha-2 (sGCα2) and soluble guanylate cyclase beta-2 (sGCβ2) expression, suggesting downregulation of nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-sGC-cGMP) signaling. Inhibiting TNF-α prevented collagen-induced changes in VCAM1, iNOS, sGCα2 and sGCβ2 expression. Collagen inoculation increased protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) expression. Like LV diastolic dysfunction, increased PP5 expression was not prevented by TNF-α inhibition. CONCLUSION Inflammation-induced LV diastolic dysfunction may be mediated by a TNF-α-independent increase in PP5 expression and dephosphorylation of the N2-Bus stretch element of titin, rather than by TNF-α-induced downregulation of NO-sGC-cGMP pathway-dependent titin phosphorylation. The steady rise in number of patients with inflammation-induced diastolic dysfunction, coupled with low success rates of current therapies warrants a better understanding of the systemic signals and molecular pathways responsible for decreased titin phosphorylation in development of LV diastolic dysfunction. The therapeutic potential of inhibiting PP5 upregulation in LV diastolic dysfunction requires investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmeetha Manilall
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Lebogang Mokotedi
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Sulè Gunter
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Regina Le Roux
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Serena Fourie
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Colleen A. Flanagan
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Aletta M. E. Millen
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
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5
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Romand X, Adeline F, Dalecky M, Pflimlin A, Bellier A, Barone-Rochette G, Wendling D, Gaudin P, Claudepierre P, Dougados M, Baillet A. Systematic assessment of heart valves and cardiac function by echocardiography in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine 2022; 89:105375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tønnessen TC, Melleby AO, Hauge-Iversen IM, Espe EKS, Ahmed MS, Ueland T, Haavardsholm EA, Atkinson SM, Melum E, Attramadal H, Sjaastad I, Vinge LE. Impact of delayed type hypersensitivity arthritis on development of heart failure by aortic constriction in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262821. [PMID: 35077491 PMCID: PMC8789180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased risk of heart failure (HF). The mechanisms and cardiac prerequisites explaining this association remain unresolved. In this study, we sought to determine the potential cardiac impact of an experimental model of RA in mice subjected to HF by constriction of the ascending aorta. Methods Aorta was constricted via thoracotomy and placement of o-rings with inner diameter 0.55 mm or 0.66 mm, or sham operated. RA-like phenotype was instigated by delayed-type hypersensitivity arthritis (DTHA) two weeks after surgery and re-iterated after additional 18 days. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before surgery and at successive time points throughout the study. Six weeks after surgery the mice were euthanized, blood and tissue were collected, organ weights were documented, and expression levels of cardiac foetal genes were analysed. In a supplemental study, DTHA-mice were euthanized throughout 14 days after induction of arthritis, and blood was analysed for important markers and mediators of RA (SAP, TNF-α and IL-6). In order to put the latter findings into clinical context, the same molecules were analysed in serum from untreated RA patients and compared to healthy controls. Results Significant elevations of inflammatory markers were found in both patient- and murine blood. Furthermore, the DTHA model appeared clinically relevant when compared to the inflammatory responses observed in three prespecified RA severity disease states. Two distinct trajectories of cardiac dysfunction and HF development were found using the two o-ring sizes. These differences were consistent by both MRI, organ weights and cardiac foetal gene expression levels. Still, no difference within the HF groups, nor within the sham groups, could be found when DTHA was induced. Conclusion DTHA mediated systemic inflammation did not cause, nor modify HF caused by aortic constriction. This indicates other prerequisites for RA-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theis Christian Tønnessen
- Department of Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Arne Olav Melleby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Marie Hauge-Iversen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emil Knut Stenersen Espe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Andre Haavardsholm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Espen Melum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif Erik Vinge
- Department of Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Koch V, Weber C, Riffel JH, Buchner K, Buss SJ, Hein S, Mereles D, Hagenmueller M, Erbel C, März W, Booz C, Albrecht MH, Vogl TJ, Frey N, Hardt SE, Ochs M. Impact of Homoarginine on Myocardial Function and Remodeling in a Rat Model of Chronic Renal Failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:10742484211054620. [PMID: 34994208 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211054620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low plasma concentrations of the amino acid homoarginine (HA) have been shown to correlate with adverse cardiovascular outcome, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease. The present study sought to investigate the effect of HA treatment on cardiac remodeling in rats undergoing artificially induced renal insufficiency by 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx). METHODS A total of 33 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham and 5/6 Nx groups, receiving either placebo treatment or 400 mg·kg-1·day-1 HA over a 4-week period. RESULTS 5/6 Nx per se resulted in adverse myocardial remodeling with aggravated cardiac function and associated cardiac overload as the most obvious alteration (-23% ejection fraction, P < 0.0001), as well as increased myocardial fibrosis (+80%, P = 0.0005) compared to placebo treated sham animals. HA treatment of 5/6 Nx rats has led to an improvement of ejection fraction (+24%, P = 0.0003) and fractional shortening (+21%, P = 0.0126), as well as a decrease of collagen deposition (-32%, P = 0.0041), left ventricular weight (-14%, P = 0.0468), and myocyte cross-sectional area (-12%, P < 0.0001). These changes were accompanied by a downregulation of atrial natriuretic factor (-65% P < 0.0001) and collagen type V alpha 1 chain (-44%, P = 0.0006). Sham animals revealed no significant changes in cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, or any of the aforementioned molecular changes after drug treatment. CONCLUSION Dietary HA supplementation appears to have the potential of preventing cardiac remodeling and improving heart function in the setting of chronic kidney disease. Our findings shed new light on HA as a possible new therapeutic agent for patients at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Koch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Weber
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes H Riffel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Buchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Section for Developmental Genetics, 27178University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Buss
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selina Hein
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Derliz Mereles
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Hagenmueller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Erbel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christian Booz
- 9173Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Thomas J Vogl
- 9173Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan E Hardt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Ochs
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Changes in Thyroid Hormone Signaling Mediate Cardiac Dysfunction in the Tg197 Mouse Model of Arthritis: Potential Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235512. [PMID: 34884213 PMCID: PMC8658216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients show a higher risk of heart failure. The present study investigated possible causes of cardiac dysfunction related to thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in a RA mouse model. Methods A TNF-driven mouse model of RA[TghuTNF (Tg197)] was used. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. SERCA2a and phospholamban protein levels in left ventricle (LV) tissue, thyroid hormone levels in serum, TH receptors in LV and TH-related kinase signaling pathways were measured. T3 hormone was administered in female Tg197 mice. Results We show LV and atrial dilatation with systolic dysfunction in Tg197 animals, accompanied by downregulated SERCA2a. We suggest an interaction of pro-inflammatory and thyroid hormone signaling indicated by increased p38 MAPK and downregulation of TRβ1 receptor in Tg197 hearts. Interestingly, female Tg197 mice showed a worse cardiac phenotype related to reduced T3 levels and Akt activation. T3 supplementation increased Akt activation, restored SERCA2a expression and improved cardiac function in female Tg197 mice. Conclusions TNF overexpression of Tg197 mice results in cardiac dysfunction via p38 MAPK activation and downregulation of TRβ1. Gender-specific reduction in T3 levels could cause the worse cardiac phenotype observed in female mice, while T3 administration improves cardiac function and calcium handling via modified Akt activation.
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A preliminary study on the evaluation of left atrial function of rheumatoid arthritis by two dimensional speckle tracking imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21537. [PMID: 34728679 PMCID: PMC8563725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the changes of left atrial (LA) geometry and function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by conventional echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI). We enrolled 46 RA patients with a duration of < 5 years as Group I, 40 RA patients with a duration of ≥ 5 years as Group II, and 40 normal subjects as the control group. Conventional echocardiography was conducted to measure traditional parameters. The LA strain during reservoir phase (LASr), LA strain during conduit phase (LAScd), LA strain during contraction phase (LASct), and LA global longitudinal strain (LAGLS) were obtained from 2D-STI. Related ultrasound results were compared. The LASct was significantly higher in Group I than in control group (P < 0.05). The LASr, LAScd, and LAGLS were significantly lower in Group I than in control group (all P < 0.05). The LASr, LAScd, LASct, and LAGLS were significantly lower in Group II than in control group and Group I (all P < 0.05). The function of LA impaired in RA patients, and the impairment aggravated with the clinical course of RA patients. 2D-STI technology can early and accurately evaluate the LA function of RA patients by evaluating LASr, LAScd, LASct, and LAGLS.
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10
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Manilall A, Mokotedi L, Gunter S, Le Roux R, Fourie S, Flanagan CA, Millen AM. Inflammation-induced left ventricular fibrosis is partially mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15062. [PMID: 34713972 PMCID: PMC8554769 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the mechanisms of inflammation-induced left ventricular (LV) remodeling and effects of blocking circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in a model of systemic inflammation. METHODS Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) group, and the anti-TNF-α group. Inflammation was induced in the CIA and anti-TNF-α groups. Following the onset of arthritis, the anti-TNF-α group received the TNF-α inhibitor, etanercept, for 6 weeks. LV geometry and function were assessed with echocardiography. Circulating inflammatory markers were measured by ELISA and LV gene expression was assessed by comparative TaqMan® polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The LV relative gene expression of pro-fibrotic genes, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) (p = 0.03), collagen I (Col1) (p < 0.0001), and lysyl oxidase (LOX) (p = 0.002), was increased in the CIA group compared with controls, consistent with increased relative wall thickness (p = 0.0009). Col1 and LOX expression in the anti-TNF-α group were similar to controls (both, p > 0.05) and tended to be lower compared to the CIA group (p = 0.06 and p = 0.08, respectively), and may, in part, contribute to the decreased relative wall thickness in the anti-TNF-α group compared to the CIA group (p = 0.03). In the CIA group, the relative gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 was increased compared to control (p = 0.04) and anti-TNF-α (p < 0.0001) groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Chronic systemic inflammation induces fibrosis and dysregulated LV extracellular matrix remodeling by increasing local cardiac pro-fibrotic gene expression, which is partially mediated by TNF-α. Inflammation-induced LV diastolic dysfunction is likely independent of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmeetha Manilall
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research UnitSchool of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Molecular Physiology LaboratorySchool of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Lebogang Mokotedi
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research UnitSchool of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Sulè Gunter
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research UnitSchool of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Regina Le Roux
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research UnitSchool of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Serena Fourie
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research UnitSchool of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Colleen A. Flanagan
- Molecular Physiology LaboratorySchool of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Aletta M.E. Millen
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research UnitSchool of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
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11
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Salah HM, Pandey A, Soloveva A, Abdelmalek MF, Diehl AM, Moylan CA, Wegermann K, Rao VN, Hernandez AF, Tedford RJ, Parikh KS, Mentz RJ, McGarrah RW, Fudim M. Relationship of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:918-932. [PMID: 34869957 PMCID: PMC8617573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although there is an established bidirectional relationship between heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and liver disease, the association between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has not been well explored. In this paper, the authors provide an in-depth review of the relationship between HFpEF and NAFLD and propose 3 NAFLD-related HFpEF phenotypes (obstructive HFpEF, metabolic HFpEF, and advanced liver fibrosis HFpEF). The authors also discuss diagnostic challenges related to the concurrent presence of NAFLD and HFpEF and offer several treatment options for NAFLD-related HFpEF phenotypes. The authors propose that NAFLD-related HFpEF should be recognized as a distinct HFpEF phenotype.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AV, arteriovenous
- BCAA, branched-chain amino acid
- GLP, glucagon-like peptide
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- IL, interleukin
- LV, left ventricular
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NT-proBNP, N terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide
- RAAS, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
- SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
- SPSS, spontaneous portosystemic shunt(s)
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- cardiomyopathy
- heart failure
- liver
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam M. Salah
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, and Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anzhela Soloveva
- Department of Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Manal F. Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Moylan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kara Wegermann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vishal N. Rao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adrian F. Hernandez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan J. Tedford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kishan S. Parikh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J. Mentz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert W. McGarrah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marat Fudim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Annexin A1 attenuates cardiac diastolic dysfunction in mice with inflammatory arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020385118. [PMID: 34526398 PMCID: PMC8463875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020385118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries a twofold increased incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, accompanied by diastolic dysfunction, which can lead to death. The causes of diastolic dysfunction are unknown, and there are currently no well-characterized animal models for studying these mechanisms. Current medications for RA do not have marked beneficial cardio-protective effects. K/BxN F1 progeny and KRN control mice were analyzed over time for arthritis development, monitoring left ventricular diastolic and systolic function using echocardiography. Excised hearts were analyzed by flow cytometry, qPCR, and histology. In pharmacological experiments, K/BxN F1 mice were treated with human recombinant AnxA1 (hrAnxA1, 1 μg/mouse) or vehicle daily. K/BxN F1 mice exhibited fully developed arthritis with normal cardiac function at 4 wk; however, by week 8, all mice displayed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction. This dysfunction was associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and inflammatory markers. Daily treatment of K/BxN F1 mice with hrAnxA1 from weeks 4 to 8 halted progression of the diastolic dysfunction. The treatment reduced cardiac transcripts of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic markers. At the cellular level, hrAnxA1 decreased activated T cells and increased MHC IIlow macrophage infiltration in K/BxN F1 hearts. Similar effects were obtained when hrAnxA1 was administered from week 8 to week 15. We describe an animal model of inflammatory arthritis that recapitulates the cardiomyopathy of RA. Treatment with hrAnxA1 after disease onset corrected the diastolic dysfunction through modulation of both fibroblast and inflammatory cell phenotype within the heart.
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13
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Kessler J, Totoson P, Devaux S, Moretto J, Wendling D, Demougeot C. Animal models to study pathogenesis and treatments of cardiac disorders in rheumatoid arthritis: Advances and challenges for clinical translation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105494. [PMID: 34139344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiac diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and arrhythmias are the leading cause of cardiovascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their pathogenesis is far from being understood and optimal therapeutic options to treat specifically these disorders in RA are lacking. Preclinical studies on animal models of arthritis can help to decipher the complex link between arthritis and the heart, and to identify critical pathways and novel therapeutic targets. This review presented the available data on cardiac disorders in animal models of RA, as well as the current knowledge on pathophysiology and pharmacology of these disorders. Future directions for translational studies in a cardiorheumatic perspective are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kessler
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvie Devaux
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Johnny Moretto
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France; EA 4266 " Agents Pathogènes et Inflammation ", EPILAB, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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14
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Chen J, Norling LV, Cooper D. Cardiac Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Role of Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040881. [PMID: 33924323 PMCID: PMC8070480 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that carries an increased risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease. The link between inflammation and atherosclerotic disease is clear; however, recent evidence suggests that inflammation may also play a role in the development of nonischemic heart disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We consider here the link between inflammation and cardiovascular disease in the RA community with a focus on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The effect of current anti-inflammatory therapeutics, used to treat RA patients, on cardiovascular disease are discussed as well as whether targeting resolution of inflammation might offer an alternative strategy for tempering inflammation and subsequent inflammation-driven comorbidities in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.C.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Lucy V. Norling
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.C.); (L.V.N.)
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.C.); (L.V.N.)
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Correspondence:
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15
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Bordy R, Moretto J, Devaux S, Wendling D, Moretto-Riedweg K, Demougeot C, Totoson P. Adjuvant-induced arthritis is a relevant model to mimic coronary and myocardial impairments in rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2020; 88:105069. [PMID: 32920169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if the adjuvant-induced arthritis model reproduced coronary and cardiac impairments observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The link between disease activity and circulating levels of angiotensin II and endothelin-1 have been studied, as well as the myocardial susceptibility to ischemia. METHODS At the acute inflammatory phase, coronary reactivity was assessed in isolated arteries, and cardiac function was studied in isolated perfused hearts, before and after global ischemia/reperfusion. Ischemic insult was evaluated by the infarct size, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase levels in coronary effluents. Cardiac myeloperoxidase activity was measured, as well as angiotensin II and endothelin-1 levels. RESULTS Compared to controls, adjuvant-induced arthritis had reduced coronary Acetylcholine-induced relaxation associated with cardiac hypertrophy, both being correlated with plasma levels of endothelin-1 and angiotensin II, and arthritis score. Although cardiac function at baseline was similar from controls, adjuvant-induced arthritis rats exhibited lower cardiac functional recovery, increased myeloperoxidase activity, higher infarct size and creatine phosphokinase levels after ischemia/reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS The adjuvant-induced arthritis model displays coronary endothelial dysfunction associated with myocardial hypertrophy and a reduced tolerance to ischemia. This model might be useful for deciphering the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis and paves the way for studying the role of endothelin-1 and angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bordy
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Johnny Moretto
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvie Devaux
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- EA 4266 EPILAB, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
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16
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Lin TT, Sung YL, Syu JY, Lin KY, Hsu HJ, Liao MT, Liu YB, Lin SF. Anti-Inflammatory and Antiarrhythmic Effects of Beta Blocker in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016084. [PMID: 32865101 PMCID: PMC7726976 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at twice the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death as the general population. We hypothesize that β‐blocker treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is antiarrhythmic by producing synergistic anticatecholaminergic and anti‐inflammatory effects. Methods and Results Collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with type II collagen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The treatment with propranolol (4 mg/kg) started on the first day of immunization. We evaluated the ventricular vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmia using in vivo programmed stimulation and performed ex vivo optical mapping to measure the electrical remodeling of the heart. The ventricular tissue was further processed for immunohistochemical staining and protein array analysis. The assessment of ventricular vulnerability showed that the number and duration of the induced ventricular arrhythmia episodes were increased in CIA rats, which were improved with propranolol treatment. The sympathovagal index and the plasma level of catecholamines significantly increased in CIA rats, whereas the use of propranolol attenuated sympathetic hyperactivity. In the optical mapping study, electrical remodeling, characterized by prolonged action potential duration, slow conduction velocity, and steepened action‐potential duration restitution, were noted in CIA rats and reversed in the propranolol‐treatment group. The propranolol treatment was associated with decreases in paw thickness, fewer inflammatory cell infiltrations in the heart, reduced levels of cardiac inflammatory cytokines, and less cardiac fibrosis as compared with the CIA group. Conclusions CIA increased ventricular arrhythmia vulnerability through sympathetic hyperinnervation and proarrhythmic ventricular electrophysiological remodeling. Treatment with propranolol in CIA rats was both anti‐inflammatory and antiarrhythmic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Tse Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu and Biomedical Park Branch Hsinchu Taiwan.,College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Sung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yang Syu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Kia-Yuan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jui Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Min-Tsun Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu and Biomedical Park Branch Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yen-Bin Liu
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
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