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Torres M, Diaz-Ortiz J, Davis MG, Schwartz JR, Celis Ramírez AM. Galleria mellonella as a superficial model for Malassezia globosa and its treatment. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000745.v3. [PMID: 39045242 PMCID: PMC11261708 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000745.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Malassezia globosa is a yeast species that belongs to the mycobiota of humans and animals, associated with dermatological disorders, such as dandruff. This is a chronic scalp skin disorder characterized by flaking and itching. Treatments include commercial shampoo with different formulations that contain antifungal activities like zinc pyrithione (ZPT) or piroctone olamine (PO). The effectiveness of these formulations has been evaluated for decades for dandruff symptom relief of volunteers. To date, non-mammalian, in vivo methods exist to test formulations of these actives. Aim. To evaluate in vivo in Galleria mellonella larva, two commercial antifungal shampoos (shampoo with 1 % ZPT and 1.6 % zinc Carbonate and shampoo with 0.5 % PO) against this species. Methodology. G. mellonella larvae were inoculated with M. globosa on abraded cuticular surface. Then, integument cell viability, histological changes, and fungal burden were evaluated. Results. Larvae inoculated with M. globosa showed higher lesion melanization and tissue damage. In addition, M. globosa population showed to increase over time. Concerning the shampoo's effectiveness, both formulations significantly reduced M. globosa burden and tissue damage. Conclusion. G. mellonella larvae were allowed to evaluate M. globosa superficial infection and antifungal effectiveness. Shampoos with ZPT and PO showed a positive effect on inoculated larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Torres
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Biological Science Deparment, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana Diaz-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Biological Science Deparment, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Biological Science Deparment, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Topka G, Mantej J, Grabowski Ł, Necel A, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Propagation, Purification, and Characterization of Bacteriophages for Phage Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2738:357-400. [PMID: 37966610 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3549-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Phage therapy is an alternative approach to combat bacterial infections. In this approach, bacteriophages are used as antimicrobial agents due to their properties to infect specific bacterial cells, to propagate inside their hosts, and to lyse host cell to release progeny phages. However, to introduce bacteriophages to clinical or veterinary practice, it is necessary to construct a large library of precisely characterized phages. Therefore, in this chapter, methods for propagation, purification, and microbiological characterization of bacteriophages are presented in the light of their potential use in phage therapy. Isolation of newly discovered bacteriophages from different habitats is also described as it is a preliminary assessment of their efficacy in combating bacterial biofilms and in the treatment of bacterial infections in a simple insect model-Galleria mellonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Łukasz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Necel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Phage Therapy Laboratory, University Center for Applied and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Zhao Y, Feng L, Zhou B, Zhang X, Yao Z, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhou T, Chen L. A newly isolated bacteriophage vB8388 and its synergistic effect with aminoglycosides against multi-drug resistant Klebsiella oxytoca strain FK-8388. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105906. [PMID: 36494020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bacteriophage vB8388 can lyse multi-drug resistant Klebsiella oxytoca strain FK-8388 and maintain stability in a wide range of temperatures (from 4 °C to 80 °C) and pHs (3-11). Bioinformatics analysis showed that vB8388 is a linear double-stranded DNA virus that is 39,750 long with 50.65% G + C content and 44 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Phage vB8388 belongs to the family Autographviridae and possesses a non-contractile tail. The latency period of vB8388 was approximately 20 min. The combination of phage vB8388 and gentamicin, amikacin, or tobramycin could effectively inhibit the growth of K. oxytoca strain FK-8388, with a decrease of more than 4 log units within 12 h in vitro. Phage vB8388 showed a strong synergistic effect with gentamicin that could enhance the anti-biofilm effect of vB8388. The phage + gentamicin combination also showed synergy in vivo in the larval infection model of Galleria mellonella. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest the potential of phage + antibiotic combination therapy to be used as an alternative therapeutic approach for treating infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Luozhu Feng
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhuocheng Yao
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lingbo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhongyong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Villanueva JA, Crooks AL, Nagy TA, Quintana JLJ, Dalebroux ZD, Detweiler CS. Salmonella enterica Infections Are Disrupted by Two Small Molecules That Accumulate within Phagosomes and Differentially Damage Bacterial Inner Membranes. mBio 2022; 13:e0179022. [PMID: 36135367 PMCID: PMC9601186 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01790-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have a robust cell envelope that excludes or expels many antimicrobial agents. However, during infection, host soluble innate immune factors permeabilize the bacterial outer membrane. We identified two small molecules that exploit outer membrane damage to access the bacterial cell. In standard microbiological media, neither compound inhibited bacterial growth nor permeabilized bacterial outer membranes. In contrast, at micromolar concentrations, JAV1 and JAV2 enabled the killing of an intracellular human pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. S. Typhimurium is a Gram-negative bacterium that resides within phagosomes of cells from the monocyte lineage. Under broth conditions that destabilized the lipopolysaccharide layer, JAV2 permeabilized the bacterial inner membrane and was rapidly bactericidal. In contrast, JAV1 activity was more subtle: JAV1 increased membrane fluidity, altered reduction potential, and required more time than JAV2 to disrupt the inner membrane barrier and kill bacteria. Both compounds interacted with glycerophospholipids from Escherichia coli total lipid extract-based liposomes. JAV1 preferentially interacted with cardiolipin and partially relied on cardiolipin production for activity, whereas JAV2 generally interacted with lipids and had modest affinity for phosphatidylglycerol. In mammalian cells, neither compound significantly altered mitochondrial membrane potential at concentrations that killed S. Typhimurium. Instead, JAV1 and JAV2 became trapped within acidic compartments, including macrophage phagosomes. Both compounds improved survival of S. Typhimurium-infected Galleria mellonella larvae. Together, these data demonstrate that JAV1 and JAV2 disrupt bacterial inner membranes by distinct mechanisms and highlight how small, lipophilic, amine-substituted molecules can exploit host soluble innate immunity to facilitate the killing of intravesicular pathogens. IMPORTANCE Innovative strategies for developing new antimicrobials are needed. Combining our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and relevant drug characteristics has the potential to reveal new approaches to treating infection. We identified two compounds with antibacterial activity specific to infection and with limited host cell toxicity. These compounds appeared to exploit host innate immunity to access the bacterium and differentially damage the bacterial inner membrane. Further, both compounds accumulated within Salmonella-containing and other acidic vesicles, a process known as lysosomal trapping, which protects the host and harms the pathogen. The compounds also increased host survival in an insect infection model. This work highlights the ability of host innate immunity to enable small molecules to act as antibiotics and demonstrates the feasibility of antimicrobial targeting of the inner membrane. Additionally, this study features the potential use of lysosomal trapping to enhance the activities of compounds against intravesicular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Villanueva
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy L. Crooks
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Toni A. Nagy
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joaquin L. J. Quintana
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachary D. Dalebroux
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Corrella S. Detweiler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Virulence Potential of Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus coagulans Causing Skin Infections in Companion Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101339. [PMID: 36289997 PMCID: PMC9598800 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) account for most bacteria-related pyoderma in companion animals. Emergence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Staphylococcus coagulans (MRSC), often with multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes, is a public health concern. The study collection comprised 237 staphylococci (S. pseudintermedius (n = 155), S. aureus (n = 55) and S. coagulans (n = 27)) collected from companion animals, previously characterized regarding resistance patterns and clonal lineages. Biofilm production was detected for 51.0% (79/155), 94.6% (52/55) and 88.9% (24/27) of the S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus and S. coagulans, respectively, and was a frequent trait of the predominant S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus clonal lineages. The production of biofilm varied with NaCl supplementation of the growth media. All S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus strains carried icaADB. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of Galleria mellonella infected with different CoPS revealed a higher virulence potential of S. aureus when compared with other CoPS. Our study highlights a high frequency of biofilm production by prevalent antimicrobial-resistant clonal lineages of CoPS associated with animal pyoderma, potentially related with a higher virulence potential and persistent or recurrent infections.
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Ménard G, Rouillon A, Cattoir V, Donnio PY. Galleria mellonella as a Suitable Model of Bacterial Infection: Past, Present and Future. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:782733. [PMID: 35004350 PMCID: PMC8727906 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.782733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest for Galleria mellonella larvae as an infection model is evidenced by the number of papers reporting its use, which increases exponentially since the early 2010s. This popularity was initially linked to limitation of conventional animal models due to financial, technical and ethical aspects. In comparison, alternative models (e.g. models using Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster or G. mellonella) were cheap, simple to use and not limited by ethical regulation. Since then, similar results have been established with G. mellonella model comparatively to vertebrates, and it is more and more often used as a robust model per se, not only as an alternative to the murine model. This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge supporting the development of this model, both on immunological and microbiological aspects. For that, we focus on investigation of virulence and new therapies for the most important pathogenic bacteria. We also discuss points out directions for standardization, as well as recent advances and new perspectives for monitoring host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ménard
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), service de Bactériologie Hygiène-Hospitalière (SB2H), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Rouillon
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), service de Bactériologie Hygiène-Hospitalière (SB2H), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Donnio
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), service de Bactériologie Hygiène-Hospitalière (SB2H), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, France
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Paudel A, Furuta Y, Higashi H. Silkworm model for Bacillus anthracis infection and virulence determination. Virulence 2021; 12:2285-2295. [PMID: 34490836 PMCID: PMC8425766 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1965830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is an obligate pathogen and a causative agent of anthrax. Its major virulence factors are plasmid-coded; however, recent studies have revealed chromosome-encoded virulence factors, indicating that the current understanding of its virulence mechanism is elusive and needs further investigation. In this study, we established a silkworm (Bombyx mori) infection model of B. anthracis. We showed that silkworms were killed by B. anthracis Sterne and cured of the infection when administered with antibiotics. We quantitatively determined the lethal dose of the bacteria that kills 50% larvae and effective doses of antibiotics that cure 50% infected larvae. Furthermore, we demonstrated that B. anthracis mutants with disruption in virulence genes such as pagA, lef, and atxA had attenuated silkworm-killing ability and reduced colonization in silkworm hemolymph. The silkworm infection model established in this study can be utilized in large-scale infection experiments to identify novel virulence determinants and develop novel therapeutic options against B. anthracis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atmika Paudel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furuta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Pereira MF, Rossi CC. Overview of rearing and testing conditions and a guide for optimizing Galleria mellonella breeding and use in the laboratory for scientific purposes. APMIS 2020; 128:607-620. [PMID: 32970339 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is an increasingly popular and consolidated alternative infection model to assess microbial virulence and the effectiveness of antimicrobial compounds. The lack of G. mellonella suppliers aiming at scientific purposes and a lack of well-established protocols for raising and testing these animals may impact results and reproducibility between different laboratories. In this review, we discuss the state of the art of rearing the larvae in situ, providing an overview of breeding and testing conditions commonly used and their influence on larval health and experiments results, from setting up the environment, providing the ideal diet, understanding the effects of pretreatments, choosing the best testing conditions, to exploring the most from the results obtained. Meanwhile, we guide the reader through the most practical ways of dealing with G. mellonella to achieve successful experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Carangola, MG, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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