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Eghtedarnejad E, Khajeh S, Zomorodian K, Ghasemi Z, Yazdanpanah S, Motamedi M. Direct molecular analysis of Malassezia species from the clinical samples of patients with pityriasis versicolor. Curr Med Mycol 2023; 9:28-31. [PMID: 37867590 PMCID: PMC10590189 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.2023.345029.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Species identification of Malassezia using culture-dependent methods is time-consuming due to their fastidious growth requirements. This study aimed to evaluate a rapid and accurate molecular method in order to diagnose the pityriasis versicolor (PV) and identify Malassezia species from direct clinical samples. Materials and Methods Skin scraping or tape samples from patients with PV and healthy volunteers as the control group were collected. Diagnosis of PV was confirmed by direct microscopic examination. The DNA extraction was performed according to the steel-bullet beating method. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay using HhaI restriction enzyme was applied for the identification and differentiation of Malassezia species. Results The PCR method was able to detect Malassezia in 92.1% of specimens which were also confirmed with microscopic examination. Statistically, a significant association was observed between the results of the two assays (P < 0.001). Moderate agreement was identified between the two methods to diagnose the PV in both populations (Kappa: 0.55). Considering microscopic examination as the gold standard method for confirmation of PV, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value values of the PCR assay for recognition of PV were 85%, 75%, 92%, and 60%, respectively. M. globosa and M. restricta were the most prevalent species isolated from patients. Conclusion In this study, the two-step molecular method based on the amplification of the D1/D2 domain and digestion of the PCR product by one restriction enzyme was able to diagnose and identify Malassezia directly from clinical samples. Consequently, it can be said that the molecular-based method provides more facilities to identify fastidious species, such as M. restricta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Eghtedarnejad
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Khajeh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghasemi
- Mycology Laboratory, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chae M, Kim BJ, Na J, Kim SY, Lee JO, Kim YJ, Lee E, Cho D, Roh J, Kim W. Antimicrobial activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 and APsulloc 331266 against pathogenic skin microbiota. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2021; 13:237-248. [PMID: 34937311 DOI: 10.52586/e881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Balanced skin microbiota is crucial for maintaining healthy normal skin function; however, disruption of the balance in skin microbiota is linked with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, dandruff, and candidiasis. Lactoplantibacillus species with proved with health benefits are probiotics that improve the balance of microbiome in skin and gut. In the present study, we investigated the potential antimicrobial activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 (APsulloc 331261) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331266 (APsulloc 331266) derived from green tea, in inhibiting five skin pathogenic strains (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), Candia albicans (C. albicans), Malassezia globosa (M. globose), and Malassezia restricta (M. restricta)) associated with skin infection. Viability of S. aureus, C. acnes, C. albicans, M. globosa, and M. restricta was inhibited by indirect co-culture with APsulloc 331261 or APsulloc 331266 at various ratios. Different concentrations of the cell-free conditioned media (CM) derived from APsulloc 331261 or APsulloc 331266 inhibited the vaibility of S. aureus, C. acnes, C. albicans, M. globosa, and M. restricta in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, susceptibility of S. aureus, C. acnes and C. albicans against APsulloc 331261 or APsulloc 331266 was confirmed following agar overlay methods. Results of the agar overlay confirmed that various concentrations of APsulloc 331261 and APsulloc 331266 exhibited low to high inhibitory activity on the growth of S. aureus (ZDI 20.3 ± 2.1-32.3 ± 2.1 mm, R value 5.7 ± 0.8-7.8 ± 1.3 mm), C. acnes (ZDI 15.0 ± 1.7-22.2 ± 1.7 mm, R value 3.2 ± 1.3-5.5 ± 1.3 mm) and C. albicans (ZDI 13.3 ± 4.0-27.0 ± 3.6 mm, R value 2.8 ± 1.9-5.5 ± 1.7 mm). Finally, standard PCR analysis identified the presence of the of plantaricin genes encoding antimicrobial peptides in APsulloc 331261 and APsulloc 331266. These results suggest that APsulloc 331261 and APsulloc 331266 has a potential effect in the improvement of the balance of skin microbiota by inhibiting skin pathogenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Chae
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, AMOREPACIFIC, 17074 Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, 06973 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, 06973 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, 06973 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Cho
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, AMOREPACIFIC, 17074 Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Roh
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, AMOREPACIFIC, 17074 Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Wangi Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, AMOREPACIFIC, 17074 Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Aghaei Gharehbolagh S, Mafakher L, Salehi Z, Asgari Y, Hashemi SJ, Mahmoudi S, Nasimi M, Rezaie S. Unveiling the structure of GPI-anchored protein of Malassezia globosa and its pathogenic role in pityriasis versicolor. J Mol Model 2021; 27:246. [PMID: 34379190 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPI)-anchored proteins (GpiPs) are related to the cell wall biogenesis, adhesion, interactions, protease activity, mating, etc. These proteins have been identified in many organisms, including fungi such as Neurospora crassa, Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Fusarium graminearum. MGL-3153 gene of Malassezia globosa (M. globosa) encodes a protein which is homologous of the M. restricta, M. sympodialis, M. Pachydermatis, and U. maydis GpiPs. Real-time PCR assay showed that the expression of MGL_3153 gene was significantly up-regulated among M. globosa isolated from patients with pityriasis versicolor (PV) compared to a healthy individual, suggesting the contribution of this gene in the virulence of M. globosa. Accordingly, the sequence of this protein was analyzed by bioinformatics tools to evaluate the structure of that. The conservation analysis of MGL-3153 protein showed that the C-terminal region of this protein, which is responsible for GPI-anchor ligation, was highly conserved during evolution while the N-terminal region just conserved in Malassezia species. Moreover, the predicted tertiary structure of this protein by homology modeling showed that this protein almost has alpha helix structure and represented a stable structure during 150 ns of molecular dynamic simulation. Our results revealed that this protein potentially belongs to GPI-anchored proteins and may contribute to the virulence of M. globosa which warrants further investigations in this area.
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Mantilla MJ, Cabrera Díaz CE, Ariza-Aranguren G, de Cock H, Helms JB, Restrepo S, Jiménez E, Celis Ramírez AM. Back to the Basics: Two Approaches for the Identification and Extraction of Lipid Droplets from Malassezia pachydermatis CBS1879 and Malassezia globosa CBS7966. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e122. [PMID: 33950584 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malassezia spp. are lipid-dependent yeasts that have been related to skin mycobiota and dermatological and systemic diseases. Study of lipid droplets (LDs) is relevant to elucidate the unknown role of these organelles in Malassezia and to gain a broader overview of lipid metabolism in Malassezia. Here, we standardized two protocols for the analysis of LDs in M. pachydermatis and M. globosa. The first describes co-staining for confocal laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy, and the second details extraction and purification of LDs. The double stain is achieved with three different neutral lipid fluorophores, namely Nile Red, BODIPY™ 493/503, and HCS LipidTOX™ Deep Red Neutral, in combination with Calcofluor White. For LD extraction, cell wall rupture is conducted using Trichoderma harzianum enzymes and cycles of vortexing with zirconium beads. LD purification is performed in a three-step ultracentrifugation process. These standardizations will contribute to the study of the dynamics, morphology, and composition of LDs in Malassezia. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Lipid droplet fluorescence staining Basic Protocol 2: Lipid droplet extraction and purification Support Protocol: Malassezia spp. culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Juliana Mantilla
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Gabriela Ariza-Aranguren
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hans de Cock
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Restrepo
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología (LAMFU), Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Jiménez
- Applied Biochemistry Research Group (GIBA), Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Angiolella L, Rojas F, Mussin J, Greco R, Sosa MDLA, Zalazar L, Giusiano G. Biofilm formation, adherence, and hydrophobicity of M. sympodialis, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae from clinical isolates and normal skinVirulence factors of M. sympodialis, M. globosa and M. slooffiae. Med Mycol 2021; 58:1162-1168. [PMID: 32242627 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Malassezia comprises a heterogeneous group of species that cause similar pathologies. Malassezia yeasts were considered as the most abundant skin eukaryotes of the total skin mycobiome. The ability of this fungus to colonize or infect is determined by complex interactions between the fungal cell and its virulence factors. This study aims to evaluate in vitro the hydrophobicity levels, the adherence capacity on a polystyrene surface and the ability to form biofilm of 19 isolates, including M. sympodialis, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae, from healthy subjects and from dermatological disorders. Cellular surface hydrophobicity levels were determined by two-phase system. The biofilm formation was determined by tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Strain dependence was observed in all virulence factors studied. All isolates of M. sympodialis, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae demonstrated their ability to form biofilm at variable capacities. SEM observations confirmed a variable extracellular matrix after 48 hours of biofilm formation. All isolates of M. globosa were highly adherent and/or hydrophobic as well as biofilm producers. In contrast, M. slooffiae was the least biofilm producer. No significant differences between virulence factors were demonstrated for M. sympodialis, either as clinical isolate or as inhabitant of human microbiota. Results of this work together with the previous M. furfur research confirm that the most frequently Malassezia species isolated from normal subject's skin and patients with dermatosis, form biofilm with different capacities. The study of these virulence factors is important to highlight differences between Malassezia species and to determine their involvement in pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Angiolella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases. University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Florencia Rojas
- Departamento Micologia, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Javier Mussin
- Departamento Micologia, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Rosa Greco
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases. University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - María de Los Angeles Sosa
- Departamento Micologia, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Laura Zalazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Departamento Micologia, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
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Paloukopoulou C, Govari S, Soulioti A, Stefanis I, Angeli A, Matheeussen A, Capasso C, Cos P, Supuran CT, Karioti A. Phenols from Origanum dictamnus L. and Thymus vulgaris L. and their activity against Malassezia globosa carbonic anhydrase. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1558-1564. [PMID: 33533668 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1880406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Malassezia spp. are lipophilic fungi that are part of the normal flora of the human skin and are the etiological agents of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. β-Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) expressed from the pathogenic fungi are an alternative/complementary drug target. Previous work by our groups demonstrated that flavonoids and depsides can effectively inhibit Malassezia globosa β-CA (MgCA). In continuation of this study herein we report the inhibitory activity of a variety of phenols from Origanum dictamnus L. and Thymus vulgaris L. against β-MgCA, among them I4-II7-di-carvacrol, a new natural product. Structure elucidation of the compounds was performed by 1 D, 2 D NMR and spectrometric analyses. Xanthomicrol and rosmarinic acid were active in the (sub)micromolar range (KIS 0.6 and 2.2 μM, respectively vs 40.0 μM of the standard inhibitor acetazolamide). Finally, the compounds were not cytotoxic, but showed in vitro no activity against Malassezia furfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Paloukopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Govari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Soulioti
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Stefanis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Anastasia Karioti
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wu T, Chen M, Zhou L, Lu F, Bie X, Lu Z. Bacillomycin D effectively controls growth of Malassezia globosa by disrupting the cell membrane. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3529-40. [PMID: 32103313 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Malassezia globosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes various skin disorders, which disturbs people's life all the time, and conventional drugs are not completely satisfactory. Bacillomycin D (BD), an antifungal lipopeptide, could inhibit various fungi growth. However, the reports about its effect on M. globosa were not found yet. In this study, we showed that BD and BD-C16 (fatty acid chain had sixteen carbon atoms) completely inhibited growth of M. globosa at concentration of 64 μg/ml in 15 h, which was confirmed with the observation of irregular morphological change of M. globosa treated with BD. Significantly, the study on the working mechanism showed that BD induced cell death by changing cell membrane permeability and thus promoting the release of cellular contents, which may be mediated by the interaction between BD and ergosterol from membrane. Further study showed that BD reduced the overall content of cellular sterol, and interestingly, the expression of some genes involved in membrane and ergosterol synthesis were significantly upregulated, which was likely to be a feedback regulation. Besides, we found that BD had additive and synergistic effects with ketoconazole and amphotericin B, respectively, on inhibition of M. globosa, suggesting that combination use of BD with other commercial drugs could be a promising strategy to relieve skin disorders caused by M. globosa. KEY POINTS: • BD could efficiently inhibit the growth of M. globosa. • BD increases cell membrane permeability and thus promotes the release of cellular contents. • BD has additive or synergistic effect with other antifungal drugs.
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Del Prete S, Angeli A, Ghobril C, Hitce J, Clavaud C, Marat X, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Sulfonamide Inhibition Profile of the β-Carbonic Anhydrase from Malassezia restricta, An Opportunistic Pathogen Triggering Scalp Conditions. Metabolites 2020; 10:E39. [PMID: 31963335 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical CO2 hydration reaction to bicarbonate and protons is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). Their physiological role is to assist the transport of the CO2 and HCO3− at the cellular level, which will not be ensured by the low velocity of the uncatalyzed reaction. CA inhibition may impair the growth of microorganisms. In the yeasts, Candida albicans and Malassezia globosa, the activity of the unique β-CA identified in their genomes was demonstrated to be essential for growth of the pathogen. Here, we decided to investigate the sulfonamide inhibition profile of the homologous β-CA (MreCA) identified in the genome of Malassezia restricta, an opportunistic pathogen triggering dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Among 40 investigated derivatives, the best MreCA sulfonamide inhibitors were dorzolamide, brinzolamide, indisulam, valdecoxib, sulthiam, and acetazolamide (KI < 1.0 μM). The MreCA inhibition profile was different from those of the homologous enzyme from Malassezia globosa (MgCA) and the human isoenzymes (hCA I and hCA II). These results might be useful to for designing CA inhibitor scaffolds that may selectively inhibit the dandruff-producing fungi.
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Prete SD, Angeli A, Ghobril C, Hitce J, Clavaud C, Marat X, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Anion Inhibition Profile of the β-Carbonic Anhydrase from the Opportunist Pathogenic Fungus Malassezia Restricta Involved in Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis. Metabolites 2019; 9:E147. [PMID: 31323880 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, which catalyze the crucial physiological CO2 hydration/dehydration reaction (CO2 + H2O ⇌ HCO3- + H+) balancing the equilibrium between CO2, H2CO3, HCO3- and CO32-. It has been demonstrated that their selective inhibition alters the equilibrium of the metabolites above affecting the biosynthesis and energy metabolism of the organism. In this context, our interest has been focalized on the fungus Malassezia restricta, which may trigger dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis altering the complex bacterial and fungal equilibrium of the human scalp. We investigated a rather large number of inorganic metal-complexing anions (a well-known class of CA inhibitors) for their interaction with the β-CA (MreCA) encoded by the M. restricta genome. The results were compared with those obtained for the two human ?-CA isoforms (hCAI and hCAII) and the β-CA from Malassezia globosa. The most effective MreCA inhibitors were diethyldithiocarbamate, sulfamide, phenyl arsenic acid, stannate, tellurate, tetraborate, selenocyanate, trithiocarbonate, and bicarbonate. The different KI values obtained for the four proteins investigated might be attributed to the architectural features of their catalytic site. The anion inhibition profile is essential for better understanding the inhibition/catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes and for designing novel types of inhibitors, which may have clinical applications for the management of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
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Aghaei Gharehbolagh S, Kordbacheh P, Hashemi SJ, Daie Ghazvini R, Asgari Y, Agha Kuchak Afshari S, Seyedmousavi S, Rezaie S. MGL_3741 gene contributes to pathogenicity of Malassezia globosa in pityriasis versicolor. Mycoses 2018; 61:938-944. [PMID: 30106184 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroxyacid dehydratase (DHAD) is a key enzyme in biosynthetic pathway of isoleucine and valine. This pathway is absent in human but exists in various organisms such as fungi. Using RNA-seq analysis in this study, we identified MGL_3741gene which encodes DHAD protein in Malassezia globosa (M. globosa). Furthermore, we found that mentioned gene is homologous to the Ustilago maydis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus ILV3P. For understanding the probable role of this gene in pathogenicity of M. globosa, we applied Real-time PCR to investigate the differentially expressed of the MGL_3741 gene in healthy and pathogenic states. Our results indicate a significant difference between two mentioned stats. These results revealed that ILV3-like gene in M. globosa can be related to the pathogenicity of this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Aghaei Gharehbolagh
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parivash Kordbacheh
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Daie Ghazvini
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Asgari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Agha Kuchak Afshari
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Center of Expertise in Microbiology, Infection Biology and Antimicrobial Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sassan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nocentini A, Bua S, Del Prete S, Heravi YE, Saboury AA, Karioti A, Bilia AR, Capasso C, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Natural Polyphenols Selectively Inhibit β-Carbonic Anhydrase from the Dandruff-Producing Fungus Malassezia globosa: Activity and Modeling Studies. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:816-823. [PMID: 29575699 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Around 50 % of the worldwide population is affected by dandruff, which is triggered by a variety of factors. The yeast Malassezia globosa has been labeled as the most probable causative agent for the onset of dandruff. The β-carbonic anhydrase (CA) of MgCA was recently validated as an anti-dandruff target, with its inhibition being responsible for in vivo growth defects in the fungus. As classical CA inhibitors of the sulfonamide type give rise to permeability problems through biological membranes, finding non-sulfonamide alternatives for MgCA inhibition is of considerable interest in the cosmetic field. We recently screened a large library of human (h) CA inhibitors for MgCA inhibition, including different chemotypes, such as monothiocarbamates, dithiocarbamates, phenols, and benzoxaboroles. Herein, we expanded the research toward new MgCA inhibitors by considering a set of natural polyphenols (including flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, isoflavones, and depsides) that exhibited MgCA inhibitory activity in the micromolar range, as well as selectivity for the fungal isozyme over off-target human isoforms. The binding mode of representative derivatives within the MgCA catalytic cleft was investigated by docking studies using a homology-built model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Ali A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anastasia Karioti
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Pharmacy, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Nocentini A, Vullo D, Del Prete S, Osman SM, Alasmary FAS, AlOthman Z, Capasso C, Carta F, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the dandruff-producing fungus Malassezia globosa with monothiocarbamates. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1064-1070. [PMID: 28766952 PMCID: PMC6010091 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1355307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of monothiocarbamates (MTCs) was investigated for the inhibition of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the fungal parasite Malassezia globosa, MgCA. These MTCs incorporate various scaffolds, among which aliphatic amine with 1–4 carbons atom in their molecule, morpholine, piperazine, as well as phenethylamine and benzylamine derivatives. All the reported MTCs displayed a better efficacy in inhibiting MgCA compared to the clinically used sulphonamide drug acetazolamide (KI of 74 μM), with KIs spanning between 1.85 and 18.9 μM. The homology model of the enzyme previously reported by us was used to rationalize the results by docking some of these MTCs within the fungal CA active site. This study might be useful to enrich the knowledge of the MgCA inhibition profile, eliciting novel ideas pertaining the design of modulators with potential efficacy in combatting dandruff or other fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- a Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy.,b Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics and QSAR , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- c Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- a Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy.,d Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Sameh M Osman
- e Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A S Alasmary
- e Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- e Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fabrizio Carta
- a Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- b Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics and QSAR , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
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Entezari Heravi Y, Bua S, Nocentini A, Del Prete S, Saboury AA, Sereshti H, Capasso C, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Inhibition of Malassezia globosa carbonic anhydrase with phenols. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2577-2582. [PMID: 28343756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A panel of 22 phenols was investigated as inhibitors of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the fungal parasite Malassezia globosa (MgCA), a validated anti-dandruff drug target. The displayed inhibitory activities were compared to the ones previously reported against the off-target widely distributed human (h) isoforms hCA I and II. All tested phenols possessed a better efficacy in inhibiting MgCA than the clinically used sulfonamide acetazolamide, with KIs in the range of 2.5 and 65.0μM. A homology-built model of MgCA was also used for understanding the binding mode of phenols to the fungal enzyme. Indeed, a wide network of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between the phenol and active site residues were evidenced. The OH moiety of the inhibitor was observed anchored to the zinc-coordinated water, also making hydrogen bonds with Ser48 and Asp49. The diverse substituents at the phenolic scaffold were observed to interact with different portions of the hydrophobic pocket according to their nature and position. Considering the effective MgCA inhibitory properties of phenols, beside to the rather low inhibition against the off-target hCA I and II, this class of compounds might be of considerable interest in the cosmetics field as potential anti-dandruff drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Entezari Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Sereshti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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Vullo D, Del Prete S, Nocentini A, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Capasso C, Bozdag M, Carta F, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Dithiocarbamates effectively inhibit the β-carbonic anhydrase from the dandruff-producing fungus Malassezia globosa. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1260-5. [PMID: 28057408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of dithiocarbamates (DTCs) was investigated for the inhibition of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the fungal parasite Malassezia globosa, MgCA, a validated anti-dandruff drug target. These DTCs incorporate various scaffold, among which those of N,N-dimethylaminoethylenediamine, the aminoalcohols with 3-5 carbon atoms in their molecule, 3-amino-quinuclidine, piperidine, morpholine and piperazine derivatives, as well as phenethylamine and its 4-sulfamoylated derivative. Several DTCs resulted more effective in inhibiting MgCA compared to the standard sulfonamide drug acetazolamide (KI of 74μM), with KIs ranging between 383 and 6235nM. A computational approach, involving a homology modeling of the enzyme and docking inhibitors within its active site, helped us rationalize the results. This study may contribute to better understand the inhibition profile of MgCA, and offer new ideas for the design of modulators of activity which belong to less investigated chemical classes, thus potentially useful to combat dandruff and other fungal infections.
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Vullo D, Del Prete S, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the β-carbonic anhydrase from Malassezia globosa with amines and amino acids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1381-5. [PMID: 26856923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the dandruff producing fungus Malassezia globosa, MgCA, was investigated for its activation with amines and amino acids. MgCA was weakly activated by amino acids such as L-/D-His, L-Phe, D-DOPA, D-Trp, L-/D-Tyr and by the amine serotonin (KAs of 12.5-29.3μM) but more effectively activated by d-Phe, l-DOPA, l-Trp, histamine, dopamine, pyridyl-alkylamines, and 4-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine, with KAs of 5.82-10.9μM. The best activators were l-adrenaline and 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, with activation constants of 0.72-0.81μM. This study may help a better understanding of the activation mechanisms of β-CAs from pathogenic fungi as well as the design of tighter binding ligands for this enzyme which is a drug target for novel types of anti-dandruff agents.
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Del Prete S, Vullo D, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Anion inhibition studies of the dandruff-producing fungus Malassezia globosa β-carbonic anhydrase MgCA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5194-8. [PMID: 26459213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the fungal parasite Malassezia globosa, the causative agent of dandruff, contains a single gene annotated as encoding a carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the β-class (MgCA). In an earlier work (J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 3513) we have validated this enzyme as an anti-dandruff drug target, reporting that sulfonamide inhibitors show in vitro and in vivo effects, in an animal model of Malassezia infection. However, few classes of compounds apart the sulfonamides, were investigated for their activity against MgCA. Here we present an anion inhibition study of this enzyme, reporting that metal complexing anions such as cyanate, thiocyanate, cyanide, azide are weak MgCA inhibitors (KIs ranging between 6.81 and 45.2 mM) whereas bicarbonate (KI of 0.59 mM) and diethyldithiocarbamate (KI of 0.30 mM) together with sulfamide, sulfamate, phenylboronic acid and phenylarsonic acid were the most effective inhibitors detected so far, with KIs ranging between 83 and 94 μM. This study may help a better understanding of the inhibition profile of this enzyme and may offer the possibility to design new such modulators of activity belonging to different chemical classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Sameh M Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
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Ohk SO, Park HG, Lee H, Kwon YJ, Kim BJ, Kim D, Chun YJ. Heterologous expression and characterization of CYP61A1 from dandruff-causing Malassezia globosa. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 114:89-94. [PMID: 26160660 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malassezia globosa is pathogenic fungus that causes skin disorders including dandruff in humans. Many yeast cytochrome CYP enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of sterols and are considered major targets of azole antifungal agents. Here, we report on the expression and characterization of the MGL_0310 gene product (CYP61A1), a sterol C-22 desaturase in M. globosa. The open reading frame of the CYP61A1 gene was amplified by PCR from M. globosa CBS 7966 genomic DNA and cloned into a pCW vector. The CYP61A1 gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using a Ni(2+)-NTA affinity column. The purified CYP61A1 protein exhibited a CO-difference spectrum typical of CYPs with a maximum absorption at 452nm. Binding spectral titration with β-sitosterol and campesterol demonstrated the type I binding mode with an increase at 411nm and a decrease at 432nm. The calculated Kd values are 5.4±0.6μM and 6.1±1.0μM for β-sitosterol and campesterol, respectively. No metabolic product, however, was observed in the CYP61A1-supported enzyme reaction with these sterols. The purified CYP61A1 protein exhibited tight binding to azole agents, suggesting that this enzyme may be a target for the pathogenic M. globosa fungus. Moreover, several fatty acids were found to bind to CYP61A1, indicating that the architecture of the enzyme includes a relatively large active site space. This study provides new insight into the biosynthesis of fungal sterols in M. globosa and a basis for the development of antifungal as potential therapeutic agents to treat dandruff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ong Ohk
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Goo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwayoun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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Shah A, Koticha A, Ubale M, Wanjare S, Mehta P, Khopkar U. Identification and speciation of malassezia in patients clinically suspected of having pityriasis versicolor. Indian J Dermatol 2013; 58:239. [PMID: 23723483 PMCID: PMC3667295 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malassezia is a lipid-dependent yeast known to cause Pityriasis versicolor, a chronic, recurrent superficial infection of skin and present as hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesions on areas of skin. If not diagnosed and treated, it may lead to disfigurement of the areas involved and also result in deep invasive infections. Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify and speciate Malassezia in patients clinically suspected of having Pityriasis versicolor. Materials and Methods: Total 139 patients suspected of having Pityriasis versicolor were evaluated clinically and diagnosis was done by Wood's lamp examination, confirmed mycologically by using KOH, cultivation on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and modified Dixon agar at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. The total duration of study was 12 months. Results: Majority of the patients were males (59.71%) in the age group of 21-30 years (33.81%) who were students (30.21%) by profession. The incidence of Malassezia in Pityriasis versicolor was 50.35%. The most common isolate was M. globosa (48.57%), followed by M. furfur (34.28%). Majority of the patients had hypopigmented lesions, with M. globosa as the predominant isolate. Neck was the most common site affected; 88.48% were Wood's lamp positive of which 56.91% of Malassezia isolates grew on culture. KOH mount was positive in 82.01% of which 61.40% Malassezia isolates grew on culture. Conclusions: The procedure of culture and antifungal testing is required to be performed as different species of Malassezia are involved in Pityriasis versicolor and susceptibility is different among different species. Thus, it would help to prevent recurrences and any systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
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Hiragun T, Ishii K, Hiragun M, Suzuki H, Kan T, Mihara S, Yanase Y, Bartels J, Schröder JM, Hide M. Fungal protein MGL_1304 in sweat is an allergen for atopic dermatitis patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:608-615.e4. [PMID: 23726042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweat is a major aggravating factor of atopic dermatitis (AD) and approximately 80% of patients with AD show type I hypersensitivity against sweat. OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize an antigen in sweat that induces histamine release from basophils of patients with AD. METHODS Basophil histamine-releasing activity in sweat was purified by a combination of chromatographies, and proteins were analyzed with mass spectrometry. Recombinant proteins of the sweat antigen were generated, and their biological characteristics were studied by immunoblots, histamine release tests, and neutralization assays. RESULTS We identified a fungal protein, MGL_1304, derived from Malassezia globosa (M globosa) in the purified sweat antigen. Recombinant MGL_1304 induced histamine release from basophils of most of the patients with AD, in accordance with the semi-purified sweat antigen. Moreover, recombinant MGL_1304 abolished the binding of serum IgE of patients with AD to the semi-purified sweat antigen, or vice versa in immunoblot analysis, and attenuated the sensitization of RBL-48 mast cells expressing human FcɛRI by serum IgE. Studies of truncated mutants of MGL_1304 indicated that IgE of patients with AD recognized the conformational structure of MGL_1304 rather than short peptide sequences. Western blot analysis of the whole lysate, the culture supernatant of M globosa, and the semi-purified sweat antigen showed that MGL_1304 was produced as a minor immunological antigen of M globosa with posttranslational modification, cleaved, and secreted as a 17-kDa major histamine-releasing sweat antigen. CONCLUSION MGL_1304 is a major allergen in human sweat and could cause type I allergy in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Hiragun
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makiko Hiragun
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Faculty of Human Science, Hiroshima Bunkyo Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kan
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shoji Mihara
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuhki Yanase
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Joachim Bartels
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Research Unit Cutaneous Inflammation, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jens-M Schröder
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Research Unit Cutaneous Inflammation, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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